Syntheses, Structures, Magnetic Properties and Antibacterial Activities of Two Copper(II) Azido Complexes with Varied Nuclearities Containing Symmetrical 1,3-Diammine as Chelator

Two copper(II) azido complexes of the types mononuclear [Cu(TMEDA)2(N3)2] (1) and dinuclear [Cu(TMEDA)(μ1,1-N3)(N3)]2 (2) [TMEDA = trimethylenediamine; N3 – = azide ion] have been synthesized and characterized. X-ray structural analysis revealed that each copper(II) center in complex 1 adopts a distorted octahedron geometry with a CuN6 chromophore ligated through four N atoms of two different symmetrical TMEDA ligands as bidentate chelator and two N atoms of two terminal azides. In complex 2, each copper(II) center adopts a distorted square pyramidal geometry with a CuN5 chromophore ligated through two N atoms of TMEDA as bidentate chelator and two N atoms of two different azides as μ1,1-N3 bridging mode and one N atom of terminal azide ion. The two copper centers are connected through double μ1,1-N3 bridges affording a dinuclear structure with Cu···Cu separation 3.327(2) Å. In crystalline state, mononuclear units in complex 1 are associated through intermolecular N-H···N and C-H···N hydrogen bonds to form a 2D sheet structure viewed along crystallographic b-axis, whereas dinuclear entities in complex 2 are propagated through intermolecular N-H···N and C-H···N hydrogen bonds to form a 3D network structure viewed along crystallographic a-axis. The Variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility measurement evidenced a dominant antiferromagnetic interaction between the metal centers through μ1,1-azide bridges in complex 2 with J = − 0.40 cm-1. The antibacterial activities of the complexes have also been studied.

Syntheses, structural characterization, and thermal behaviour of metal complexes with 3-aminopyridine as co-ligands

Six mixed metal complexes with 3-aminopyridine (3-ampy) as a co-ligand have been synthesized: catena-{[M(μ2-3-ampy)(H2O)4]SO4·H2O} (M=Ni (1) and Co (2)), [Co(3-ampy)4(NCS)2] (3), [Co(3-ampy)2(NCS)2] (4), [Co(3-ampy)4(N3)2] (5) and mer-[Co(3-ampy)3(N3)3] (6), (NCS−=isothiocyanate ion, N3− azide ion), and characterized by physio-chemical and spectroscopic methods as well as single crystal X-ray and powder diffraction. In the isostructural complexes 1 and 2 single μ2-3-ampy links the Ni(II) and Co(II) centers into polymeric chains. The mononuclear Co(II) and Co(III) pseudohalide complexes 3–6 reveal only terminal 3-ampy ligands. The 3-ampy ligands form supramolecular hydrogen bonded systems via their NH2-groups and non-covalent π-π ring-ring interactions via their pyridine moieties. Thermoanalytical properties were investigated for 1–3. Graphic abstract

One-Pot Synthesis of γ-Azidobutyronitriles and Their Intramolecular Cycloadditions

Efficient gram-scale, one-pot approaches to azidocyanobutyrates and their amidated or decarboxylated derivatives have been developed, starting from commercially available aldehydes and cyanoacetates. These techniques combine (1) Knoevenagel condensation, (2) Corey–Chaykovsky cyclopropanation and (3) nucleophilic ring opening of donor-acceptor cyclopropanes with the azide ion, as well as (4) Krapcho decarboxylation or (4′) amidation. The synthetic utility of the resulting γ-azidonitriles was demonstrated by their transformation into tetrazoles via intramolecular (3+2)-cycloaddition. A condition-dependent activation effect of the α-substituent was revealed in that case. Thermally activated azide–nitrile interaction did not differentiate the presence of an α-electron-withdrawing substituent in γ-azidonitriles, whereas the Lewis acid mediated (SnCl4 or TiCl4) reaction proceeded much easier for azidocyanobutyrates. This allowed us to develop an efficient procedure for converting azidocyanobutyrates into the corresponding tetrazoles.

Unmasked Primary Amines as C-Nucleophiles for Catalytic C–C Bond-Formation

A practical, catalytic entry to α,α,α‑trisubstituted (α‑tertiary) primary amines by C–H functionalisation has long been recognised as a critical gap in the synthetic toolbox. We report a simple and scalable solution to this problem that does not require any <i>in situ</i> protection of the amino group and proceeds with 100% atom-economy. Our strategy, which uses an organic photocatalyst in combination with azide ion as a hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) catalyst, provides a direct synthesis of <i>C</i>-alkylated amines or γ‑lactams, including valuable azaspirocycles. We anticipate that this methodology will inspire new retrosynthetic disconnections for substituted amine derivatives in organic synthesis, and particularly for challenging α‑tertiary primary amines.

Unmasked Primary Amines as C-Nucleophiles for Catalytic C–C Bond-Formation

A practical, catalytic entry to α,α,α‑trisubstituted (α‑tertiary) primary amines by C–H functionalisation has long been recognised as a critical gap in the synthetic toolbox. We report a simple and scalable solution to this problem that does not require any <i>in situ</i> protection of the amino group and proceeds with 100% atom-economy. Our strategy, which uses an organic photocatalyst in combination with azide ion as a hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) catalyst, provides a direct synthesis of <i>C</i>-alkylated amines or γ‑lactams, including valuable azaspirocycles. We anticipate that this methodology will inspire new retrosynthetic disconnections for substituted amine derivatives in organic synthesis, and particularly for challenging α‑tertiary primary amines.

Water in Hydration Shell of an Azide Ion: Structure and Dynamics of Solute-water Hydrogen Bonds and Vibrational Spectral Diffusion from First Principles Simulations At Supercritical Condition

<p>A series of ab initio MD simulations has been carried out for aqueous azide (N₃^-) ion solutions at three different densities and at supercritical condition (673 K) using Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics simulation. The time dependent trajectories at three different densities have been used to analyze the hydrogen bond dynamics, residence dynamics, dangling OD bond dynamics and spectral diffusion and underlying connections between them. The time dependent frequency of both the OD and NN stretching mode has been calculated using the time series analysis of the wavelet method. The population correlation function approach has been used to compute the hydrogen bond dynamics, dangling OD bond and residence dynamics of the Sc-water both inside and outside the solvation shell of the ion. The faster hydrogen bond dynamics has been observed in the vicinity of the azide ion, however the calculated OD stretching frequency is found to show red shift in the vicinity of the azide ion indicative to the formation of stronger ion-water hydrogen bond even at the supercritical condition. The overall hydrogen bond dynamics at the supercritical condition was faster with respect to the aqueous azide ion solutions at the ambient condition.</p>

Water in Hydration Shell of an Azide Ion: Structure and Dynamics of Solute-water Hydrogen Bonds and Vibrational Spectral Diffusion from First Principles Simulations At Supercritical Condition

<p>A series of ab initio MD simulations has been carried out for aqueous azide (N₃^-) ion solutions at three different densities and at supercritical condition (673 K) using Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics simulation. The time dependent trajectories at three different densities have been used to analyze the hydrogen bond dynamics, residence dynamics, dangling OD bond dynamics and spectral diffusion and underlying connections between them. The time dependent frequency of both the OD and NN stretching mode has been calculated using the time series analysis of the wavelet method. The population correlation function approach has been used to compute the hydrogen bond dynamics, dangling OD bond and residence dynamics of the Sc-water both inside and outside the solvation shell of the ion. The faster hydrogen bond dynamics has been observed in the vicinity of the azide ion, however the calculated OD stretching frequency is found to show red shift in the vicinity of the azide ion indicative to the formation of stronger ion-water hydrogen bond even at the supercritical condition. The overall hydrogen bond dynamics at the supercritical condition was faster with respect to the aqueous azide ion solutions at the ambient condition.</p>