scholarly journals The Feasibility of Equine Field-Based Postural Sway Analysis Using a Single Inertial Sensor

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1286
Author(s):  
Sonja Egan ◽  
Pieter A. J. Brama ◽  
Cathy Goulding ◽  
David McKeown ◽  
Clodagh M. Kearney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inertial Measurement Unit ◽  
Acute Inflammation ◽  
Postural Sway ◽  
Inertial Sensor ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Centre Of Mass ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Control Balance

(1) Background: Postural sway is frequently used to quantify human postural control, balance, injury, and neurological deficits. However, there is considerably less research investigating the value of the metric in horses. Much of the existing equine postural sway research uses force or pressure plates to examine the centre of pressure, inferring change at the centre of mass (COM). This study looks at the inverse, using an inertial measurement unit (IMU) on the withers to investigate change at the COM, exploring the potential of postural sway evaluation in the applied domain. (2) Methods: The lipopolysaccharide model was used to induce transient bilateral lameness in seven equines. Horses were monitored intermittently by a withers fixed IMU over seven days. (3) Results: There was a significant effect of time on total protein, carpal circumference, and white blood cell count in the horses, indicating the presence of, and recovery from, inflammation. There was a greater amplitude of displacement in the craniocaudal (CC) versus the mediolateral (ML) direction. A significant difference was observed in the amplitude of displacement in the ML direction between 4–12 h and 168 h. (4) Conclusions: The significant reduction in ML displacement during the acute inflammation period alongside greater overall CC displacement may be a compensatory behaviour for bilateral lameness.

scholarly journals Trunk Flexion Monitoring among Warehouse Workers Using a Single Inertial Sensor and the Influence of Different Sampling Durations

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (19) ◽  
pp. 7117
Author(s):  
Micaela Porta ◽  
Massimiliano Pau ◽  
Pier Francesco Orrù ◽  
Maury A. Nussbaum
Keyword(s):  
Inertial Measurement Unit ◽  
Inertial Sensor ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Trunk Flexion ◽  
Acceptable Error ◽  
Low Back Disorders ◽  
Exposure Variation Analysis ◽  
Warehouse Workers ◽  
Future Work

Trunk flexion represents a risk factor for the onset of low-back disorders, yet limited quantitative data exist regarding flexion exposures in actual working conditions. In this study, we evaluated the potential of using a single inertial measurement unit (IMU) to classify trunk flexion, in terms of amplitude, frequency, and duration, and assessed the influence of alternative time durations on exposure results. Twelve warehouse workers were monitored during two hours of an actual shift while wearing a single IMU on their low back. Trunk flexion data were reduced using exposure variation analysis integrated with recommended exposure thresholds. Workers spent 5.1% of their working time with trunk flexion of 30–60° and 2.3% with flexion of 60–90°. Depending on the level of acceptable error, relatively shorter monitoring periods (up to 50 min) might be sufficient to characterize trunk flexion exposures. Future work is needed, however, to determine if these results generalize to other postural exposures and tasks.

Study of Zero Velocity Update for Both Low- and High-Speed Human Activities

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Zhang ◽  
M. Loschonsky ◽  
L.M. Reindl
Keyword(s):  
Human Activities ◽  
Inertial Measurement Unit ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Inertial Sensor ◽  
Stair Climbing ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Test Cases ◽  
Zero Velocity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Algorithm Implementation

Previous studies show that inertial sensor-based personal positioning benefited from Zero Velocity Update (ZUPT) method by resetting the foot speed at every foot step. However, only the solution for normal pedestrian movement with small velocity like walking was given. This paper presents a novel ZUPT system which can be used in a wide range of human activities, including walking, running, and stair climbing by using two inertial measurement unit (IMU) modules. One is attached on the centre of the human body for human activities’ classification and recognition. The other one is mounted on the foot for ZUPT algorithm implementation based on the result of activities’ recognition. Test cases include stair climbing by walking and running, walking, fast walking, and running. In all cases, most of the steps are able to be detected and the new ZUPT system can be successfully implemented.

Wireless Input Technology Based on MEMS Inertial Measurement Unit - A Survey

2017 ◽  
Vol 870 ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
Zhen Xian Fu ◽  
Guang Ying Zhang ◽  
Yu Rong Lin ◽  
Yang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Inertial Measurement Unit ◽  
Inertial Sensors ◽  
Inertial Sensor ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Propagation Model ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Input Device ◽  
Operational Environment ◽  
Inertial Measurement ◽  
Mems Imu

Rapid progress in Micro-Electromechanical System (MEMS) technique is making inertial sensors increasingly miniaturized, enabling it to be widely applied in people’s everyday life. Recent years, research and development of wireless input device based on MEMS inertial measurement unit (IMU) is receiving more and more attention. In this paper, a survey is made of the recent research on inertial pens based on MEMS-IMU. First, the advantage of IMU-based input is discussed, with comparison with other types of input systems. Then, based on the operation of an inertial pen, which can be roughly divided into four stages: motion sensing, error containment, feature extraction and recognition, various approaches employed to address the challenges facing each stage are introduced. Finally, while discussing the future prospect of the IMU-based input systems, it is suggested that the methods of autonomous and portable calibration of inertial sensor errors be further explored. The low-cost feature of an inertial pen makes it desirable that its calibration be carried out independently, rapidly, and portably. Meanwhile, some unique features of the operational environment of an inertial pen make it possible to simplify its error propagation model and expedite its calibration, making the technique more practically viable.

scholarly journals A method for tracking centre of mass displacement during non-seated cycling using an inertial sensor

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross D. Wilkinson ◽  
Glen A. Lichtwark
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Inertial Sensor ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Vertical Displacement ◽  
Cycling Performance ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Centre Of Mass ◽  
Joint Power ◽  
Lower Back ◽  
Marker Cluster

Abstract Instantaneous crank power does not equal total joint power if a rider's centre of mass (CoM) gains and loses mechanical energy. Thus, estimating CoM motion and the associated energy changes can provide valuable information about cycling performance. To date, an accurate and precise method for tracking CoM motion during outdoor cycling has not been validated. Purpose: To assess the suitability of an inertial measurement unit (IMU) for tracking CoM motion during non-seated cycling by comparing vertical displacement derived from an inertial sensor mounted to the lower back of the rider to an attached marker cluster and to a kinematic estimate of vertical CoM displacement from a full-body musculoskeletal model (Model). Methods: IMU and motion capture data were collected synchronously for 10 seconds while participants (n = 7) cycled on an ergometer in a non-seated posture at three power outputs and two cadences. A limits of agreement analysis, corrected for repeated measures, was performed on the range of vertical displacement between the IMU and the two other measures. A total of 303 crank cycles were analysed. Results: The IMU measured vertical displacement of the marker cluster with high accuracy (1.6 mm) and precision (3.5 mm) but substantially overestimated the kinematic estimate of rider CoM displacement. Conclusion: We interpret these findings as evidence that a single IMU placed on the lower back is unsuitable for tracking rider CoM displacement during non-seated cycling if the linearly increasing overestimation is unaccounted for.

scholarly journals Use of an inertial measurement unit sensor in pedicle screw placement improves trajectory accuracy

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0242512
Author(s):  
Satoshi Baba ◽  
Kenichi Kawaguchi ◽  
Kazuhito Itamoto ◽  
Takeshi Watanabe ◽  
Mitsumasa Hayashida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pedicle Screw ◽  
Inertial Measurement Unit ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Rotational Angle ◽  
Inertial Measurement ◽  
Computed Tomography Images ◽  
Freehand Technique ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Ascertaining the accuracy of the pedicle screw (PS) trajectories is important as PS malpositioning can cause critical complications. We aimed to determine the angle range over which estimation is unreliable; build a low-cost PS placement support system that uses an inertial measurement unit (IMU) to enable the monitoring of surgical tools and PS trajectories, and determine the situations where IMU support would be most beneficial. In PS insertion experiments, we used cadaver samples that included lumbar porcine spines. Computed tomography images obtained before and after PS insertion were viewed. Offsets between the planned and implanted PS trajectories in the freehand and IMU-assisted groups were analyzed. The PS cortical bone breaches were classified according to the Gertzbein and Robbins criteria (GRC). Added head-down tilted sample experiments were repeated wherein we expected a decreased rostro-caudal rotational accuracy of the PS according to the angle estimation ability results. Evaluation of the PS trajectory accuracy revealed no significant advantage of IMU-assisted rostro-caudal rotational accuracy versus freehand accuracy. According to the GRC, IMU assistance significantly increased the rate of clinically acceptable PS positions (RoCA) than the freehand technique. In the head-down tilted sample experiments, IMU assist provided increased accuracies with both rostro-caudal and medial rotational techniques when compared with the freehand technique. In the freehand group, RoCA was significantly decreased in samples with rostral tilting relative to that in the samples without. However, In the IMU-assisted group, no significant difference in RoCA between the samples with and without head-down tilting was observed. Even when the planned PS medial and/or rostro-caudal rotational angle was relatively large and difficult to reproduce manually, IMU-support helped maintain the PS trajectory accuracy and positioning safety. IMU assist in PS placement was more beneficial, especially for larger rostro-caudal and/or medial rotational pedicle angles.

EKF-Based 6D SLAM for Air-Duct Cleaning Robot Using Inertial Sensor and Stereo Vision

2013 ◽  
Vol 313-314 ◽  
pp. 941-945
Author(s):  
Cong Wang ◽  
Wei Sun ◽  
De Xu Bu ◽  
Zhi Wei Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Information Fusion ◽  
Inertial Measurement Unit ◽  
Inertial Sensor ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Inertial Measurement ◽  
Mapping Algorithm ◽  
Cleaning Robot ◽  
Duct Cleaning Robot ◽  
Ventilation Duct ◽  
Duct Cleaning

The air-duct cleaning robot (ADCR) is an effective and safe tool for accomplishing terrible cleaning work in an air-duct network. In this paper, a six-dimensional simultaneous localizing and mapping algorithm based on multi-sensor information fusion is proposed to improve the ADCR's autonomous ability in unknown duct environment. By combing an inertial measurement unit (IMU) with a stereo camera and fusing the measurements of sensors with the extended Kalman filter, the uncertainty of measurement caused by noises can be bounded in a low level. Furthermore, the performance of the proposed scheme was proved to be accurate and robust with experiments in an experimental ventilation-duct environment.

scholarly journals Performance Assessment of an Ultra Low-Cost Inertial Measurement Unit for Ground Vehicle Navigation

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (18) ◽  
pp. 3865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Gonzalez ◽  
Paolo Dabove
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Inertial Measurement Unit ◽  
Microelectromechanical Systems ◽  
Inertial Sensor ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Mass Market ◽  
Inertial Measurement ◽  
Mems Imu

Nowadays, navigation systems are becoming common in the automotive industry due to advanced driver assistance systems and the development of autonomous vehicles. The MPU-6000 is a popular ultra low-cost Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) inertial measurement unit (IMU) used in several applications. Although this mass-market sensor is used extensively in a variety of fields, it has not caught the attention of the automotive industry. Moreover, a detailed performance analysis of this inertial sensor for ground navigation systems is not available in the previous literature. In this work, a deep examination of one MPU-6000 IMU as part of a low-cost navigation system for ground vehicles is provided. The steps to characterize the performance of the MPU-6000 are divided in two phases: static and kinematic analyses. Besides, an additional MEMS IMU of superior quality is also included in all experiments just for the purpose of comparison. After the static analysis, a kinematic test is conducted by generating a real urban trajectory registering an MPU-6000 IMU, the higher-grade MEMS IMU, and two GNSS receivers. The kinematic trajectory is divided in two parts, a normal trajectory with good satellites visibility and a second part where the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signal is forced to be lost. Evaluating the attitude and position inaccuracies from these two scenarios, it is concluded in this preliminary work that this mass-market IMU can be considered as a convenient inertial sensor for low-cost integrated navigation systems for applications that can tolerate a 3D position error of about 2 m and a heading angle error of about 3 °.

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