Small-Sized Interferometer with Fabry–Perot Resonators for Gravitational Wave Detection

It is highly desirable to have a compact laser interferometer for detecting gravitational waves. Here, a small-sized tabletop laser interferometer with Fabry–Perot resonators consisting of two spatially distributed “mirrors” for detecting gravitational waves is proposed. It is shown that the spectral resolution of 10−23 cm−1 can be achieved at a distance between mirrors of only 1–3 m. The influence of light absorption in crystals on the limiting resolution of such resonators is also studied. A higher sensitivity of the interferometer to shorter-wave laser radiation is shown. A method for detecting gravitational waves is proposed based on the measurement of the correlation function of the radiation intensities of non-zero-order resonant modes from the two arms of the Mach–Zehnder interferometer.

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THE DETECTION OF GRAVITATIONAL WAVES

International Journal of Modern Physics D ◽

10.1142/s0218271896000102 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 05 (02) ◽

pp. 101-150 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

L. JU ◽

D.G. BLAIR

Keyword(s):

Gravitational Waves ◽

Galaxy Formation ◽

Laser Interferometer ◽

New Materials ◽

Noise Sources ◽

Detector Performance ◽

Wave Detection ◽

New Methods ◽

Stochastic Background ◽

Improve Detector

This paper reviews the field of gravitational wave detection. The characteristics of gravitational waves and the possible sources of detectable waves are discussed. This includes a discussion of a new source, the stochastic background of cosmological gravitational waves from supernovae during the epoch of galaxy formation. Methods of using both resonant mass antennas and laser interferometer detectors are reviewed. Noise sources that limit detector sensitivity are summarised, while new methods, and new materials which can simplify and improve detector performance are described.

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Virgo: a laser interferometer to detect gravitational waves

Journal of Instrumentation ◽

10.1088/1748-0221/7/03/p03012 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 7 (03) ◽

pp. P03012-P03012 ◽

Cited By ~ 192

Author(s):

T Accadia ◽

F Acernese ◽

M Alshourbagy ◽

P Amico ◽

F Antonucci ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gravitational Waves ◽

Laser Interferometer

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Analysis of Embedded Optical Interferometry in Transparent Elastic Grating for Optical Detection of Ultrasonic Waves

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21082787 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (8) ◽

pp. 2787

Author(s):

Chayanisa Sukkasem ◽

Suvicha Sasivimolkul ◽

Phitsini Suvarnaphaet ◽

Suejit Pechprasarn

Keyword(s):

Thin Film ◽

Grating Period ◽

Ultrasonic Waves ◽

Optical Interferometer ◽

Ultrasonic Detection ◽

Grating Pattern ◽

Flexible Material ◽

Resonant Modes ◽

Elastic Film ◽

Fabry Perot

In this paper, we propose a theoretical framework to explain how the transparent elastic grating structure can be employed to enhance the mechanical and optical properties for ultrasonic detection. Incident ultrasonic waves can compress the flexible material, where the change in thickness of the elastic film can be measured through an optical interferometer. Herein, the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was employed in the design of a thin film grating pattern. The PDMS grating with the grating period shorter than the ultrasound wavelength allowed the ultrasound to be coupled into surface acoustic wave (SAW) mode. The grating gaps provided spaces for the PDMS grating to be compressed when the ultrasound illuminated on it. This grating pattern can provide an embedded thin film based optical interferometer through Fabry–Perot resonant modes. Several optical thin film-based technologies for ultrasonic detection were compared. The proposed elastic grating gave rise to higher sensitivity to ultrasonic detection than a surface plasmon resonance-based sensor, a uniform PDMS thin film, a PDMS sensor with shearing interference, and a conventional Fabry–Perot-based sensor. The PDMS grating achieved the enhancement of sensitivity up to 1.3 × 10−5 Pa−1 and figure of merit of 1.4 × 10−5 Pa−1 which were higher than those of conventional Fabry–Perot structure by 7 times and 4 times, respectively.

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Key technologies analysis and design of ultra-clean & ultra-stable spacecraft for gravitational wave detection

International Journal of Modern Physics A ◽

10.1142/s0217751x21400212 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 2140021

Author(s):

Kun Chen ◽

Xiaofeng Zhang ◽

Tong Guo ◽

Zhi-Ming Cai ◽

Keyword(s):

Gravitational Wave ◽

Measurement Accuracy ◽

Laser Interferometer ◽

Gravitational Interaction ◽

Thermal Control ◽

Theory Of Relativity ◽

Gravitational Wave Detection ◽

Analysis And Design ◽

Wave Detection ◽

Key Technologies

The observation of gravitational wave enables human to explore the origin, formation and evolution of universe governed by the gravitational interaction and the nature of gravity beyond general theory of relativity. The groundbreaking discovery of Gravitational Wave by Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory provides a brand-new observation way. While detecting gravitational wave on ground is limited by noises and test scale, space detection is an optimized alternative to learn rich sources in range of 0.1 mHz–1 Hz. Considering the great significance of space gravitational wave detection, ESA proposed LISA project, CAS also proposed Taiji project. Due to the extremely weak gravitational wave signal and high measurement accuracy requirement, the spaceborne GW observation antenna is accomplished by three spacecrafts constitute isosceles triangle formation intersatellite interferometer. The arm length of the interferometer reaches millions of kilometers between them, and the measurement accuracy reaches pico-meter magnitude. There are many key technologies including pm magnitude space laser interferometer metrology, drag-free control using TM of Gravity Reference Sensor, [Formula: see text]N micro thruster, ultra-clean & ultra-stable spacecraft, etc. This paper focuses on key technologies of the ultra-clean & ultra-stable spacecraft, analyzing the design of mechanical, thermal control and magnetic clean. Moreover, it reports the preliminary results of the technological breakthrough.

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Gravitational Fields and Gravitational Waves

10.20944/preprints202109.0379.v6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tony Yuan

Keyword(s):

Gravitational Field ◽

Gravitational Wave ◽

Gravitational Waves ◽

Doppler Effect ◽

Gravitational Force ◽

Laser Interferometer ◽

Speed Of Light ◽

Gravitational Fields ◽

Light Waves ◽

Research Questions

The relative velocity between objects with ﬁnite velocity aﬀects the reaction between them. This eﬀect is known as general Doppler eﬀect. The Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) discovered gravitational waves and found their speed to be equal to the speed of light c. Gravitational waves are generated following a disturbance in the gravitational ﬁeld; they aﬀect the gravitational force on an object. Just as light waves are subject to the Doppler eﬀect, so are gravitational waves. This article explores the following research questions concerning gravitational waves: What is the spatial distribution of gravitational waves? Can the speed of a gravitational wave represent the speed of the gravitational ﬁeld (the speed of the action of the gravitational ﬁeld upon the object)? What is the speed of the gravitational ﬁeld? Do gravitational waves caused by the revolution of the Sun aﬀect planetary precession? Can we modify Newton’s gravitational equation through the inﬂuence of gravitational waves?

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The gravitational-wave physics

National Science Review ◽

10.1093/nsr/nwx029 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (5) ◽

pp. 687-706 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Rong-Gen Cai ◽

Zhoujian Cao ◽

Zong-Kuan Guo ◽

Shao-Jiang Wang ◽

Tao Yang

Keyword(s):

Gravitational Wave ◽

Gravitational Waves ◽

Laser Interferometer ◽

Direct Detection ◽

Fundamental Physics ◽

First Order ◽

Compact Binary ◽

First Order Phase Transition ◽

First Order Phase ◽

The Universe

Abstract The direct detection of gravitational wave by Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory indicates the coming of the era of gravitational-wave astronomy and gravitational-wave cosmology. It is expected that more and more gravitational-wave events will be detected by currently existing and planned gravitational-wave detectors. The gravitational waves open a new window to explore the Universe and various mysteries will be disclosed through the gravitational-wave detection, combined with other cosmological probes. The gravitational-wave physics is not only related to gravitation theory, but also is closely tied to fundamental physics, cosmology and astrophysics. In this review article, three kinds of sources of gravitational waves and relevant physics will be discussed, namely gravitational waves produced during the inflation and preheating phases of the Universe, the gravitational waves produced during the first-order phase transition as the Universe cools down and the gravitational waves from the three phases: inspiral, merger and ringdown of a compact binary system, respectively. We will also discuss the gravitational waves as a standard siren to explore the evolution of the Universe.

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Small-Sized Interferometer with Fabry-Perot Resonators for Gravitational Wave Detection

Физические основы приборостроения ◽

10.25210/jfop-2102-012025 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 12-25

Author(s):

N.I. Petrov ◽

V.I. Pustovoit

Keyword(s):

Gravitational Wave ◽

Gravitational Wave Detection ◽

Wave Detection ◽

Fabry Perot

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Information-Measuring Complex for Registration High Frequency Gravitational Waves

Radio Engineering ◽

10.36027/rdeng.0520.0000184 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 42-51

Author(s):

I. S. Golyak ◽

A. N. Morozov ◽

A. L. Nazolin ◽

S. E. Tabalin

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Active Region ◽

Gravitational Waves ◽

Spectral Range ◽

High Frequency ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Yag Laser ◽

Information Measuring ◽

Measuring Complex ◽

Fabry Perot

The information-measuring complex designed to register high-frequency fluctuations of the space-time metric and its main elements are described in paper. The complex is based on a Fabry-Perot interferometer with highly reflective mirrors and a two-meter resonator. A solid-state Nd: YAG laser with a wavelength λ = 1064 nm is used for pumping. To read the signal, an InGaAs receiver DET10N2, with a working spectral range of 500-1700 nm and an active region of 0.8 mm2, is applied. Using the developed complex, experimental studies of signal registration at readout frequencies of 1 MHz and 20 MHz were carried out. The graphs of signal fluctuations in time and the spectra constructed from them are given.

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