scholarly journals New Distributed Fibre Optic 3DSensor with Thermal Self-Compensation System: Design, Research and Field Proof Application inside Geotechnical Structure

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 5089
Author(s):  
Łukasz Bednarski ◽  
Rafał Sieńko ◽  
Marcin Grygierek ◽  
Tomasz Howiacki
Keyword(s):  
Design Research ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Fibre Optic ◽  
Considerable Uncertainty ◽  
Compensation System Design ◽  
Geotechnical Structures ◽  
Health Monitoring Systems ◽  
Observation Method ◽  
Construction Law ◽  
Shear Planes

Thanks to the dynamic development of advanced building technologies as well as the growing awareness, experience and responsibilities of engineers, structural health monitoring systems (SHM) are increasingly applied in civil engineering and geotechnical applications. This is also facilitated by the construction law and standard requirements, e.g., the observation method for geotechnical structures described in the Eurocode 7. Still, the most common approach is to apply spot sensors in selected points of the structure to validate theoretical models, numerical simulations and support technical assessments by involving statistic and approximation methods. The main limitation of spot sensing is the inability to detect localized damages such as cracks, fractures, sinkholes or shear planes. Thus, such analysis is subject to considerable uncertainty, especially within geotechnical structures, characterized by random mechanical parameters that change with location, but also over time. Another approach is based on distributed fibre optic sensors (DFOS), which are finding a growing acceptance in laboratory and field projects, overcoming limitations of conventional measurements. The design and applications of new DFOS dedicated for 3D displacement sensing are described hereafter in the article. The novelty of the presented solution lies in several features, including design, application, production technology and materials. This article is focused on the operational rules governing DFOS and proving their effectiveness in laboratory and geotechnical field applications.

Civionics for structural health monitoring

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 430-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Rivera ◽  
A A Mufti ◽  
D J Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Structural Health Monitoring ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Fibre Optic ◽  
Civil Structures ◽  
Structural Health ◽  
Optic Sensor ◽  
Health Monitoring Systems ◽  
Fibre Sensor

As the design and construction of civil structures continue to evolve, it is becoming imperative that these structures be monitored for their health. To meet this need, the discipline of civionics has emerged. It involves the application of electronics to civil structures and aims to assist engineers in realizing the full benefits of structural health monitoring (SHM). Therefore, the goal of the civionics specifications outlined in this work is to ensure that the installation and operation of fibre optic sensors are successful. This paper will discuss several lessons learned during the implementation of health monitoring systems for civil structures. The monitoring of these structures primarily motivated the writing of these specifications. Creating a standard procedure for SHM eliminated several ambiguities, such as fibre sensor specifications and the types of cables required. As a result, it is expected that these specifications will help ensure that the sensors will survive the installation process and eventually prove their value over years of structural health monitoring. The civionics fibre optic sensor specifications include the requirements for fibre sensors and their corresponding readout units. They also include specifications for the cables, conduits, junction boxes, termination, and environmental protection.Key words: civionics, structural health monitoring, fibre optic sensors, specifications.

scholarly journals Designer behaviour and activity: an industrial observation method

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Cash ◽  
Ben Hicks ◽  
Steve Culley ◽  
Filippo A. Salustri
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Design ◽  
Laboratory Study ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Information Overload ◽  
Potential Importance ◽  
Observational Method ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Observation Method ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Empirical Design

The relationship between laboratory based study and the actual practice of engineering design is very important. For research activity, laboratory based studies have an important role. The problem is the difficulty of relating laboratory study to practice, it is thus important to fully understand this relationship. To address this, an observational method is proposed that focuses on characterizing the activities and behaviors of designers in practice. The method has been developed to provide rich context, whilst avoiding information overload. The proposed method is then critically discussed with respect to the issues particularly affecting empirical design research, such as contextualization, validity and repeatability. Finally, the paper highlights the potential importance and impact of the method for developing the relationship between practice and laboratory based experiments.

scholarly journals Designer behaviour and activity: an industrial observation method

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Cash ◽  
Ben Hicks ◽  
Steve Culley ◽  
Filippo A. Salustri
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Design ◽  
Laboratory Study ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Information Overload ◽  
Potential Importance ◽  
Observational Method ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Observation Method ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Empirical Design

The relationship between laboratory based study and the actual practice of engineering design is very important. For research activity, laboratory based studies have an important role. The problem is the difficulty of relating laboratory study to practice, it is thus important to fully understand this relationship. To address this, an observational method is proposed that focuses on characterizing the activities and behaviors of designers in practice. The method has been developed to provide rich context, whilst avoiding information overload. The proposed method is then critically discussed with respect to the issues particularly affecting empirical design research, such as contextualization, validity and repeatability. Finally, the paper highlights the potential importance and impact of the method for developing the relationship between practice and laboratory based experiments.

scholarly journals DESAIN BAHAN AJAR MATERI GELOMBANG DAN BUNYI MODEL INKUIRI TERBIMBING UNTUK MELATIHKAN KETERAMPILAN PROSES SAINS SISWA SMP

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1196
Author(s):  
Latifatul Jannah ◽  
Mohamad Nur ◽  
Suyono Suyono
Keyword(s):  
Design Research ◽  
Lesson Plan ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Intervention Design ◽  
Process Skills ◽  
Scientific Process ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Observation Method ◽  
D Model ◽  
Academic Year

The objective of this research is to produce an intervention which is valid, practical, and effective. This intervention design research is conducted through model 4-D that limited to three phases, that is define, design, and develop. Those intervention is tried out at eight class on SMPN 30 Surabaya in academic year 2014/2015 with one-group pretest-posttest design. Data were collected using observation method, tests, and questionnaires. Data are analyzed using descriptive analysis quantitatively and qualitatively. The results show that 1) the intervention are valid categorized; 2) the implementation result of lesson plan until 99%, and the student activity show that the intervention is practice categorized to train scientific process skills, 3) students positively respond toward intervention, and the increasing of scientific process skills show that the intervention is effective to train scientific process skills. It can be concluded that the intervention design is valid, practice and effective to train students scientific process skills. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan bahan ajar yang valid, praktis, dan efektif. Penelitian desain bahan ajar ini menggunakan model 4-D (Four-D Model) yang dibatasi pada tiga tahapan, yaitu pendefinisian (define), perancangan (design), dan pengembangan (develop). Hasil desain bahan ajar diujicobakan pada siswa kelas VIII SMPN 30 Surabaya semester genap tahun ajaran 2014/2015 dengan One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design. Pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, tes, dan angket. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan: 1) bahan ajar yang dikembangkan valid untuk melatih keterampilan proses sains siswa SMP; 2) Keterlaksanaan RPP yang mencapai 99% dan aktivitas belajar siswa menunjukkan behan ajar yang didesain terkategori praktis dalam melatih keterampilan proses sains siswa SMP; dan 3) Respon positif siswa terhadap bahan ajar, dan peningkatan keterampilan proses sains menunjukkan bahan ajar yang didesain efektif untuk melatihkan keterampilan proses sains. Disimpulkan bahwa bahan ajar yang didesain valid, praktis, dan efektif untuk melatihkan keterampilan proses sains siswa SMP kelas VIII. 

Analytical Electron Microscopy of Surface-Modified Ceramics

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 276-279
Author(s):  
P. S. Sklad
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Analytical Electron Microscopy ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Solute Concentration ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Analytical Electron ◽  
Implantation Techniques ◽  
Lattice Damage ◽  
Surface Modified

Over the past several years, it has become increasingly evident that materials for proposed advanced energy systems will be required to operate at high temperatures and in aggressive environments. These constraints make structural ceramics attractive materials for these systems. However it is well known that the condition of the specimen surface of ceramic materials is often critical in controlling properties such as fracture toughness, oxidation resistance, and wear resistance. Ion implantation techniques offer the potential of overcoming some of the surface related limitations.While the effects of implantation on surface sensitive properties may be measured indpendently, it is important to understand the microstructural evolution leading to these changes. Analytical electron microscopy provides a useful tool for characterizing the microstructures produced in terms of solute concentration profiles, second phase formation, lattice damage, crystallinity of the implanted layer, and annealing behavior. Such analyses allow correlations to be made with theoretical models, property measurements, and results of complimentary techniques.

On the Relationship Between General Auditory Sensitivity and Speech Perception: An Examination of Pitch and Lexical Tone Perception in 4- to 6-Year-Old Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 487-498
Author(s):  
Puisan Wong ◽  
Man Wai Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
Auditory Sensitivity ◽  
Pitch Discrimination ◽  
Lexical Tone ◽  
Perceptual Training ◽  
Lexical Tones ◽  
Tone Perception ◽  
Tone Discrimination

Purpose Theoretical models and substantial research have proposed that general auditory sensitivity is a developmental foundation for speech perception and language acquisition. Nonetheless, controversies exist about the effectiveness of general auditory training in improving speech and language skills. This research investigated the relationships among general auditory sensitivity, phonemic speech perception, and word-level speech perception via the examination of pitch and lexical tone perception in children. Method Forty-eight typically developing 4- to 6-year-old Cantonese-speaking children were tested on the discrimination of the pitch patterns of lexical tones in synthetic stimuli, discrimination of naturally produced lexical tones, and identification of lexical tone in familiar words. Results The findings revealed that accurate lexical tone discrimination and identification did not necessarily entail the accurate discrimination of nonlinguistic stimuli that followed the pitch levels and pitch shapes of lexical tones. Although pitch discrimination and tone discrimination abilities were strongly correlated, accuracy in pitch discrimination was lower than that in tone discrimination, and nonspeech pitch discrimination ability did not precede linguistic tone discrimination in the developmental trajectory. Conclusions Contradicting the theoretical models, the findings of this study suggest that general auditory sensitivity and speech perception may not be causally or hierarchically related. The finding that accuracy in pitch discrimination is lower than that in tone discrimination suggests that comparable nonlinguistic auditory perceptual ability may not be necessary for accurate speech perception and language learning. The results cast doubt on the use of nonlinguistic auditory perceptual training to improve children's speech, language, and literacy abilities.

Positive Arousal Enhances the Consolidation of Item Memory

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Wang
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Source Memory ◽  
Emotional Arousal ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Memory Test ◽  
Learning Phase ◽  
Item Memory ◽  
Memory Tests ◽  
Immediate Memory

Emotional arousal induced after learning has been shown to modulate memory consolidation. However, it is unclear whether the effect of postlearning arousal can extend to different aspects of memory. This study examined the effect of postlearning positive arousal on both item memory and source memory. Participants learned a list of neutral words and took an immediate memory test. Then they watched a positive or a neutral videoclip and took delayed memory tests after either 25 minutes or 1 week had elapsed after the learning phase. In both delay conditions, positive arousal enhanced consolidation of item memory as measured by overall recognition. Furthermore, positive arousal enhanced consolidation of familiarity but not recollection. However, positive arousal appeared to have no effect on consolidation of source memory. These findings have implications for building theoretical models of the effect of emotional arousal on consolidation of episodic memory and for applying postlearning emotional arousal as a technique of memory intervention.

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