scholarly journals TARS: A Novel Mechanism for Truly Autonomous Resource Selection in LTE-V2V Mode 4

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 7431
Author(s):  
Izaz Ahmad Khan ◽  
Syed Adeel Ali Shah ◽  
Adnan Akhunzada ◽  
Abdullah Gani ◽  
Joel J. P. C. Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Resource Selection ◽  
Vehicular Networks ◽  
Resource Scheduling ◽  
Wireless Channel ◽  
Distributed Scheduling ◽  
Collision Probability ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Selection Probability ◽  
Counter Selection ◽  
Multiple Vehicles

Effective communication in vehicular networks depends on the scheduling of wireless channel resources. There are two types of channel resource scheduling in Release 14 of the 3GPP, i.e., (1) controlled by eNodeB and (2) a distributed scheduling carried out by every vehicle, known as Autonomous Resource Selection (ARS). The most suitable resource scheduling for vehicle safety applications is the ARS mechanism. ARS includes (a) counter selection (i.e., specifying the number of subsequent transmissions) and (b) resource reselection (specifying the reuse of the same resource after counter expiry). ARS is a decentralized approach for resource selection. Therefore, resource collisions can occur during the initial selection, where multiple vehicles might select the same resource, hence resulting in packet loss. ARS is not adaptive towards vehicle density and employs a uniform random selection probability approach for counter selection and reselection. As a result, it can prevent some vehicles from transmitting in a congested vehicular network. To this end, the paper presents Truly Autonomous Resource Selection (TARS) for vehicular networks. TARS considers resource allocation as a problem of locally detecting the selected resources at neighbor vehicles to avoid resource collisions. The paper also models the behavior of counter selection and resource block reselection on resource collisions using the Discrete Time Markov Chain (DTMC). Observation of the model is used to propose a fair policy of counter selection and resource reselection in ARS. The simulation of the proposed TARS mechanism showed better performance in terms of resource collision probability and the packet delivery ratio when compared with the LTE Mode 4 standard and with a competing approach proposed by Jianhua He et al.

scholarly journals Estimating a resource selection function with line transect sampling

2002 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 213-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan F. J. Manly
Keyword(s):  
Resource Selection ◽  
Probability Function ◽  
Resource Selection Function ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Selection Function ◽  
Line Transect Sampling ◽  
Selection Probability ◽  
Transect Sampling ◽  
Conditional Maximum ◽  
Habitat Variables

A resource selection probability function is a function that gives the prob- ability that a resource unit (e.g., a plot of land) that is described by a set of habitat variables X1 to Xp will be used by an animal or group of animals in a certain period of time. The estimation of a resource selection function is usually based on the comparison of a sample of resource units used by an animal with a sample of the resource units that were available for use, with both samples being assumed to be effectively randomly selected from the relevant populations. In this paper the possibility of using a modified sampling scheme is examined, with the used units obtained by line transect sampling. A logistic regression type of model is proposed, with estimation by conditional maximum likelihood. A simulation study indicates that the proposed method should be useful in practice.

An Asynchronous Multi-Channel MAC Protocol Based on Cooperation Mechanism in Vehicular AdHoc Network

2015 ◽  
Vol 713-715 ◽  
pp. 1294-1298
Author(s):  
Xin Yun Li ◽  
Lun Tang
Keyword(s):  
Network Reliability ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Collision Probability ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Adhoc Network ◽  
Cooperation Mechanism ◽  
Hidden Terminals ◽  
Hidden Terminal ◽  
Channel Environment

To solve the problem of vehicle adhoc network reliability is not high and multi-channel hidden terminals, we propose a multi-channel MAC protocol CAMP(cooperation-based asynchronous multi-channel MAC protocol) based mechanism for asynchronous cooperation in VANET. CAMP add to cooperation mechanisms in asynchronous multi-channel environment, the proposed scheme nodes cooperation in order to obtain the channel state information and status information to other nodes, thus a good solution to the hidden terminal problem multichannel transmission process, to achieve high mobility environment under the reliable transmission of data. The simulation results show that CAMP has better performance than IEEE 1609.4 standard, AMCP protocol, AMCMAC protocol on collision probability of SCH, safety messages delivery ratio.

Opportunistic Frame Forwarding in Wireless Mesh Networks

2015 ◽  
Vol 764-765 ◽  
pp. 941-945
Author(s):  
Shih Tsung Liang ◽  
Bo Yi Song ◽  
Yu Yao Su
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Mesh Networks ◽  
Mesh Networks ◽  
Opportunistic Routing ◽  
Wireless Channel ◽  
Mesh Network ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Delivery Probability ◽  
Wireless Mesh ◽  
Deterministic Routing ◽  
The One

Opportunistic routing has been shown to achieve the high throughput of the wireless mesh network with lossy channels. Different from deterministic routing mechanisms in which a frame is <em>transmitted</em> and forwarded along with a fixed and predetermined <em>path</em>, the opportunistic routing technique allows multiple nodes hearing the frame to form the forwarder set containing promising candidates for the frame forwarding. Existing opportunistic routing protocols typically choose among forwarding candidates based on the decision made from the transmitter disregarding the current loads in candidates. In this paper, the opportunistic frame forwarding mechanism with considering backlog of frames among forwarders is proposed and analyzed. Specifically, in addition to take into account the delivery probability, our proposal restricts members of the forwarder set for a given transmitter to those wireless nodes whose transmission range covers one another and makes the true forwarder picked from the forward set of a given transmitting frame being the one who gains access to wireless channel for the frame before others do. Therefore, the efficient and load-balanced opportunistic routing for wireless mesh networks can be achieved. Analytic results show that the proposed method compared to the deterministic routing methodology can achieve the high frame delivery ratio.

scholarly journals LAB: Lightweight Adaptive Broadcast Control in DSRC Vehicular Networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Linsheng Ye ◽  
Linghe Kong ◽  
Kayhan Zrar Ghafoor ◽  
Guihai Chen ◽  
Shahid Mumtaz
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Vehicular Networks ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Wireless Channel ◽  
Typical Application ◽  
Safety Message ◽  
Channel Conditions ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Performance Results

The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is the use of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies in manufacturing. The vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are a typical application of IIoT. Benefiting from Dedicated Short-Range Communication (DSRC) technology, vehicles can communicate with each other through wireless manner. Therefore, road safety is able to be greatly improved by the broadcast of safety messages, which contain vehicle’s real-time speed, position, direction, etc. In existing DSRC, safety messages are broadcasted at a fixed frequency by default. However, traffic conditions are dynamic. In this way, there are too many transmission collisions when vehicles are too dense and the wireless channel is underused when vehicles are too sparse. In this paper, we address broadcast congestion issue in DSRC and propose lightweight adaptive broadcast (LAB) control for DSRC safety message. The objectives of LAB are to make full use of DSRC channel and avoid congestion. LAB meets two key challenges. First, it is hard to adopt a centralized method to control the communication parameters of distributed vehicles. Furthermore, the vehicle cannot easily acquire the channel conditions of other vehicles. To overcome these challenges, channel condition is attached with safety messages in LAB and broadcast frequency is adapted according to neighboring vehicles’ channel conditions. To evaluate the performance of LAB, we conduct extensive simulations on different roads and different vehicle densities. Performance results demonstrate that LAB effectively adjusts the broadcast frequency and controls the congestion.

scholarly journals Propagation and Wireless Channel Modeling Development on Wide-Sense Vehicle-to-X Communications

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenyi Jiang ◽  
Ke Guan ◽  
Zhangdui Zhong ◽  
Bo Ai ◽  
Ruisi He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Communication Technology ◽  
Vehicular Networks ◽  
Channel Modeling ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Wireless Channel ◽  
Wide Sense ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Vehicle To Vehicle ◽  
Wireless Channel Modeling ◽  
Vehicle To Infrastructure

The need for improving the safety and the efficiency of transportation systems has become of extreme importance. In this regard, the concept of vehicle-to-X (V2X) communication has been introduced with the purpose of providing wireless communication technology in vehicular networks. Not like the traditional views, the wide-sense V2X (WSV2X) communications in this paper are defined by including not only vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications but also train-to-X (T2X) communications constituted of train-to-train (T2T) and train-to-infrastructure (T2I) communications. All the information related to the wide-sense V2X channels, such as the standardization, scenarios, characters, and modeling philosophies, is organized and summarized to form the comprehensive understanding of the development of the WSV2X channels.

scholarly journals Data Dissemination Based on Fuzzy Logic and Network Coding in Vehicular Networks

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolan Tang ◽  
Zhi Geng ◽  
Wenlong Chen ◽  
Mojtaba Moharrer
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Network Coding ◽  
Vehicular Networks ◽  
Data Dissemination ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Velocity Change ◽  
Backbone Network

Vehicular networks, as a significant technology in intelligent transportation systems, improve the convenience, efficiency, and safety of driving in smart cities. However, because of the high velocity, the frequent topology change, and the limited bandwidth, it is difficult to efficiently propagate data in vehicular networks. This paper proposes a data dissemination scheme based on fuzzy logic and network coding for vehicular networks, named SFN. It uses fuzzy logic to compute a transmission ability for each vehicle by comprehensively considering the effects of three factors: the velocity change rate, the velocity optimization degree, and the channel quality. Then, two nodes with high abilities are selected as primary backbone and slave backbone in every road segment, which propagate data to other vehicles in this segment and forward them to the backbones in the next segment. The backbone network helps to increase the delivery ratio and avoid invalid transmissions. Additionally, network coding is utilized to reduce transmission overhead and accelerate data retransmission in interbackbone forwarding and intrasegment broadcasting. Experiments show that, compared with existing schemes, SFN has a high delivery ratio and a short dissemination delay, while the backbone network keeps high reliability.

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