scholarly journals Shaping the Design Features of a Dynamometer for Measuring Resistance Biaxial Components of Symmetrical Coulters

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 272
Author(s):  
Jacek Marcinkiewicz ◽  
Mikołaj Spadło ◽  
Zaneta Staszak ◽  
Jarosław Selech
Keyword(s):  
Strain Gauge ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Measurement Range ◽  
Load Spectrum ◽  
Measurement Sensitivity ◽  
Design Features ◽  
Strain Gauge Transducer ◽  
Transducer Calibration ◽  
Coupling Error ◽  
Very High

The article lays out the methodology for shaping the design features of a strain gauge transducer, which would make it possible to study forces and torques generated during the operation of symmetrical seeder coulters. The transducers that have been known up until now cannot be used to determine forces and torques for the coulter configuration adopted by the authors. For this purpose, the design of the transducer in the form of strain gauge beams was used to ensure the accumulated stress concentration. A detailed design was presented in the form of a 3D model, along with a transducer body manufactured on its basis, including the method for arranging the strain gauges thereon. Moreover, the article discusses the methodology of processing voltage signals obtained from component loads. Particular attention was paid to the methodology of determining the load capacity of the transducer structure, based on finite element method (FEM). This made it possible to choose a transducer geometry providing the expected measurement sensitivity and, at the same time, maintaining the best linearity of indications, insignificant coupling error, and a broad measurement range. The article also presents the characteristics of the transducer calibration process and a description of a special test stand designed for this purpose. The transducer developed within the scope of this work provides very high precision of load spectrum reads, thus enabling the performance of a detailed fatigue analysis of the tested designs. Additionally, the versatility it offers makes it easy to adapt to many existing test stands, which is a significant advantage because it eliminates the need to build new test stands.

Development of a Letter Coding Desk

1969 ◽  
Vol 184 (8) ◽  
pp. 166-177
Author(s):  
S. C. Knowles
Keyword(s):  
High Reliability ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Design Features ◽  
Operating Personnel ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Letter Code ◽  
Very High

The development of the letter code desk is described, particular reference being made to the necessity for the characteristics to be suited to the operating personnel. An explanation is given of the design features introduced as a result of this unit being required in relatively large numbers for this class of work. The development of the special printing unit for code application is described, with particular emphasis on the very high reliability required. An indication is given of probable future trends.

Experimental Validation of an Intelligent Hybrid Plain Bearing Active Control

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clément Eberhardt ◽  
Robin Kurth ◽  
Christian Kraft ◽  
Hubert Schwarze ◽  
Thomas Päßler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Load Capacity ◽  
Hydrodynamic Pressure ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Plain Bearing ◽  
Press Hardening ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Clamping System ◽  
Smart Machine ◽  
Very High

Abstract The replacement of damaged journal bearings in forming machines eventuates in very high personal and material costs as well as long-term downtime. Moreover, new discontinuous forming processes (e.g., press hardening and pendulum operations) have a negative effect on the hydrodynamic pressure built up in the bearing and can lead to failure. Therefore, users and manufacturers of forming presses are looking for ways to improve the safety of this key component. In this paper, the concept of an intelligent hybrid plain bearing (IHPB) that combines hydrodynamic and hydrostatic characteristics, presented by Kurth et al., (2019, “Forming 4.0: Smart Machine Components Applied as a Hybrid Plain Bearing and a Tool Clamping System,” Proc. Manuf., 27, pp. 65–71), is detailed and validated on a test rig. The clearance state of the journal bearing is monitored through eddy current sensors and a controlled hydrostatic support is activated, when this state is evaluated as critical. The results show a strong increase in the load capacity and in the minimal lubrication gap of the IHPB within three series of tested experiments: stationary, nonstationary, and press-typical load cases.

Digital twin of the rotor-shaft of a lightweight electric motor during aerobatics loads

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (9) ◽  
pp. 1319-1326
Author(s):  
Robert Goraj
Keyword(s):  
Electric Motor ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Safety Margin ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Load Spectrum ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Digital Twin ◽  
Motor Set ◽  
One Step ◽  
Semi Empirical

Purpose This paper aims to present airworthiness considerations regarding a shaft of an electric motor. A fatigue lifetime prediction analysis based on one-step load spectrum is performed during high-cycle fatigue. Time-dependent normal and shear stress components are estimated using a high-fidelity digital twin built in Siemens PLM Nx Nastran as a finite element model (FEM). Linear and centrifugal acceleration as well as gyroscopic moment, motor torque, propeller thrust and thermal loads are considered. The equivalent cyclic degree of utilisation and a safety margin against the slip of a press-fitted shaft to rotor hub connection is estimated. Design/methodology/approach A load analysis using FEM is presented. The numerically obtained results are verified on an analytical and a semi-empirical basis. Findings The shaft of the electric motor can sustain 74 h of operation if burdened with aerobatic loads. Its load capacity equals 48% for the overall safety factor of 2.25. Practical implications The paper presents a specific, easily identifiable advance in knowledge that can be applicable in safety flight analysis issues. Originality/value The work presents a rotor of a novel lightweight electric motor for aircraft applications, which is a successor of the electric motor set recently in Extra 330E. The work delivers a computational estimation of the shaft life.

Robust Gas Turbine Design

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Becker
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Operating Experience ◽  
Turbine Rotor ◽  
Operational Reliability ◽  
Design Features ◽  
Industry Standard ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbines ◽  
Turbine Design ◽  
Very High

Industrial gas turbines utilize numerous design features that cannot be implemented in jet aircraft turbines for weight reasons, but because of their straight-forward and robust nature trim costs and reduce both maintenance effort and operating risks. Regardless of manufacturer, the following design features, for example, have become the established industry standard: • single-shaft rotor; • 2 bearings at atmospheric pressure; • Journal bearing instead of ball bearings; • steel blading in the compressor. For the key components compressor, turbine, rotor, and combustion chamber of its 3A family (Fig. 1), Siemens has developed and tested additional features that reduce wear further and improve operational reliability. Operating experience gathered to date has shown that these features enable achievements of very high reliability and availability. Some of the measures described also contribute to enhanced output and efficiency.

Wavelength-modulated heterodyne grating shearing interferometry for precise displacement measurement

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hung-Lin Hsieh ◽  
Ju-Yi Lee ◽  
Yu-Che Chung
Keyword(s):  
Light Beam ◽  
Phase Variation ◽  
Measurement Range ◽  
Optical Path ◽  
Displacement Measurement ◽  
Measurement Sensitivity ◽  
Double Refraction ◽  
Shearing Interferometry ◽  
Birefringent Crystal ◽  
Path Lengths

AbstractA wavelength-modulated heterodyne grating shearing interferometry using a birefringent crystal is proposed for two-dimensional displacement measurement. There is a difference in the optical path lengths of the p- and s- polarizations of the light beam in the birefringent crystal because of the double refraction caused by the birefringence. By passing through the unequal-path-length optical configuration, the wavelength-modulated light beam is converted into a heterodyne light beam having two frequencies. The modulated heterodyne light beam is further combined with grating-shearing interferometry based on the quasi-common-optical-path (QCOP) design concept. According to the working principle and the Jones calculation, the displacement information of a moving grating can be obtained by means of the optical phase variation resulting from the grating. Theoretical analysis shows that the measurement sensitivity of the proposed method is about 0.134°/nm. The experimental results indicate that the resolution is about 10 nm for the centimetric-level measurement range.

Reducing Dissolved Oxygen Under Conditions of High Air Ingress

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph W. Harpster
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Theoretical Description ◽  
Back Pressure ◽  
Design Features ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Free Air ◽  
Mixture Dynamics ◽  
Air Ingress ◽  
Very High

Recent considerations of steam and air mixture dynamics in operating condensers has led to a more thorough understanding of how condenser performance is affected by air in-leakage. Results of this model-based theoretical description, which are in agreement with measurement data from operating condensers, are reviewed and used to propose beneficial design features for new and re-tubed condenser assemblies. It is anticipated from this work, that condensers can be designed which significantly reduce the amount of dissolved oxygen in condensate from locations of free air ingress above the hotwell level. This reduction also applies to other undesirable noncondensables that enter condensate driven by the same mechanism contributing to dissolved oxygen. When air in-leakage becomes sufficiently high, it contributes to excess back pressure on the turbine. In this region of high air in-leakage, the amount of dissolved oxygen can become very high. The design therefore, minimizes or eliminates the corrosive effects of air inleakage, both high and low, which is particularly important during periods of high demand when load must be maintained.

Strain-Gauge Transducer for Fluctuating Pressure Study

1967 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 415-418
Author(s):  
B. S. Gill ◽  
V. J. Modi ◽  
K. L. Tong
Keyword(s):  
Strain Gauge ◽  
Fluctuating Pressure ◽  
Strain Gauge Transducer

Study on Road Simulation Test of Motorcycle

2010 ◽  
Vol 29-32 ◽  
pp. 1556-1561
Author(s):  
Xiao Hui Shi ◽  
Xi Hong Zou ◽  
Ping Yang
Keyword(s):  
Strain Gauge ◽  
Rear Axle ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Parameter Control ◽  
Load Spectrum ◽  
Simulation Test ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Load ◽  
Simulator Test ◽  
Gravel Road

The principle of remote parameter control(RPC) and test method of road simulator test are analyzed, and the road simulation test of motorcycle is implemented with road simulator produced by MTS company. Firstly, by disposing strain gauge and accelerometer, the load spectrum of motorcycle is sampled when the motorcycle runs on gravel road and concrete road with constant speed. Then using the front and rear axle acceleration as desired response signals, the simulation iteration and road simulation test are conducted. At last, the key problems of motorcycle road simulation test are solved. The result shows that the desired response signals and the monitor signals are well matched, and the road load spectrum of motorcyle is accurately reproduced.

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