New Energy Technologies: Microalgae, Photolysis and Airborne Wind Turbines

Because of the near-term risk of extreme weather events and other adverse consequences from climate change and, at least in the longer term, global fossil fuel depletion, there is worldwide interest in shifting to noncarbon energy sources, especially renewable energy (RE). Because of possible limitations on conventional renewable energy sources, researchers have looked for ways of overcoming these shortcomings by introducing radically new energy technologies. The largest RE source today is bioenergy, while solar energy and wind energy are regarded as having by far the largest technical potential. This paper reviews the literature on proposed new technologies for each of these three RE sources: microalgae for bioenergy, photolysis and airborne wind turbines. The main finding is that their proponents have often underestimated the difficulties they face and the time taken for their introduction on a very large scale.

Download Full-text

Technological Transformation Determinants of the Renewable Energy and its Government Support

Management Science ◽

10.26794/2404-022x-2021-11-1-35-50 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 35-50

Author(s):

O. I. Malikova ◽

P. A. Кiryushin ◽

А. V. Nikolaeva

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

System Analysis ◽

New Technologies ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Government Support ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Energy Technologies ◽

Stage Of Development ◽

Modern Development ◽

The Government

The development of effective mechanisms to support the introduction of new technologies is one of the important tasks of a modern management system. The paper summarizes the results of the introduction of new technologies that provided a breakthrough in the development of renewable energy sources (RES) and resulted in the displacement of traditional hydrocarbon fuel sources out of the market. The following breakthrough technologies which have been based on the data generalization and system analysis are considered as: digitalization, new power grids, the battery market, electricity storage, electrification of the final sectors of energy consumption. There have been given a description of technologies that showed their influence on the development of renewable energy sources. The paper provides a list of innovative renewable energy technologies that will play a decisive role in the market in the near future: new technologies together with renewable energy sources (marine solar and wind energy, a molten salt reactor, a wave energy device). The final part analyzes the prospects for the development of innovative technologies in Russia from the point of view of the government support as well as existing initiatives and implementation problems. Based on the analysis performed and the successful experience of China and Germany, there have been proposed recommendations for supporting new energy technologies in Russia. Ramarkable that despite the presence of significant research potential in the 60–80s of the XX century, the modern development of new technologies in the field of renewable energy is still at the initial stage of development. The paper substantiated the expediency of supporting the introduction of promising technologies and a set of measures to facilitate the transfer and introduction of new technologies. Due to one of the key problems of modern economic development in Russia is low effective demand, there is proposed to subsidize part of the cost of purchasing new equipment from the state in order to support the introduction of promising technologies.

Download Full-text

The main problems of using biomass as a fuel

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202129502004 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 295 ◽

pp. 02004

Author(s):

Dmitry Solovyev ◽

Liubov Shilova ◽

Maksim Zheleznov

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Energy Production ◽

New Technologies ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Operating Time ◽

Clean Energy ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Fuel Use ◽

New Energy ◽

Combustible Gases

The article discusses the main problems of the using of biomass as a fuel, including the fuel use of biomass as an innovative way to generate clean energy. It is shown that according to the development of technology for the production of renewable energy sources, energy costs will decrease, and the operating time of the devices and, accordingly, their productivity will increase. Ultimately, this will allow to get a positive result, i.e. reduce harmful emissions from energy production. The methodology basis on the open statistics data and analysis of the energy balance of new energy production technologies are considered. The motivation for the using renewable energy sources in industrialized and developing countries is investigated. A review of new technologies for the using biomass as a fuel is made, which allows for efficient processing of biomass, including gasification, co-production of heat and electricity, fuel use of combustible gases generated at landfills, and production of fuel for transport in the form of methanol and biodiesel.

Download Full-text

Study of Hybrid Sustainable Energy System Based on PEM Fuel Cells and Photovoltaic-Module Power Generator

Sustainable Practices ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-4852-4.ch076 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 1357-1379

Author(s):

Fatima Zohra Zerhouni ◽

M’hammed Houari Zerhouni ◽

Mansour Zegrar ◽

Amine Boudghene Stambouli

Keyword(s):

Energy Source ◽

Renewable Energy ◽

Fuel Cells ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Energy System ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Photovoltaic Module ◽

Energy Technologies ◽

New Energy ◽

World Demand

The computer is the greatest innovation of the 20th century. It has changed our lives. It executes tasks with precision. There is no limit with what we can do with software. Computers are seductive. Companies and students cannot work without them. They help students to perform mathematical computations. It is very important that mathematical ideas are expressed in computer programs in order to have theoretical results and to verify them practically. Nowadays, the development of new and non-polluting energy producing and energy-storage systems is a great challenge for scientists. An alternative to the nuclear and fossil fuel power is renewable energy technologies. Due to ever-increasing energy consumption, rising public awareness of environmental protection, and steady progress in power deregulation, alternative (i.e., renewable and fuel cell based) distributed generation systems have attracted increased interest. There is an accelerating world demand for environmentally friendly power. Among the renewable energy sources, the Photovoltaic (PV) energy is the most promising candidate for research and development for large scale users. Fuel cells have been receiving a lot of attention lately due to their potential of becoming a new energy source with a large range of applications. Fuel cells can be incorporated with other components to create high efficiency industrial power plants. Fuel cells permit clean and efficient energy production. The purpose of the work is to optimize the system’s operation. The main reason to build described system is to supply stand-alone systems using renewable energy sources. Therefore, the power plant has to produce energy independent of any weather fluctuations. Integrating photovoltaic energy sources with fuel cells, as a storage device replacing the conventional lead-acid batteries, leads to a non-polluting reliable energy source. In this chapter, an energy system comprising different energy sources, namely PV and fuel cells, is proposed. Photovoltaic cells coupled with electrolytic devices can be used to produce hydrogen and oxygen in a sustainable manner. With the produced hydrogen from the electrolysis process, it is possible to generate electricity through fuel cells. Photovoltaic panels in particular can provide a good source of producing green electricity. It is autonomous, its operation does not pollute the atmosphere, and it is an inexhaustible and renewable source with great reliability. The simulation program developed also allows the exportation of different configurations. The experimental system described has permitted the validation of the proposed method.

Download Full-text

Study of Hybrid Sustainable Energy System Based on PEM Fuel Cells and Photovoltaic-Module Power Generator

Sustainable ICTs and Management Systems for Green Computing ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-1839-8.ch018 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 399-422

Author(s):

Fatima Zohra Zerhouni ◽

M’hammed Houari Zerhouni ◽

Mansour Zegrar ◽

Amine Boudghene Stambouli

Keyword(s):

Energy Source ◽

Renewable Energy ◽

Fuel Cells ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Energy System ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Photovoltaic Module ◽

Energy Technologies ◽

New Energy ◽

World Demand

The computer is the greatest innovation of the 20th century. It has changed our lives. It executes tasks with precision. There is no limit with what we can do with software. Computers are seductive. Companies and students cannot work without them. They help students to perform mathematical computations. It is very important that mathematical ideas are expressed in computer programs in order to have theoretical results and to verify them practically. Nowadays, the development of new and non-polluting energy producing and energy-storage systems is a great challenge for scientists. An alternative to the nuclear and fossil fuel power is renewable energy technologies. Due to ever-increasing energy consumption, rising public awareness of environmental protection, and steady progress in power deregulation, alternative (i.e., renewable and fuel cell based) distributed generation systems have attracted increased interest. There is an accelerating world demand for environmentally friendly power. Among the renewable energy sources, the Photovoltaic (PV) energy is the most promising candidate for research and development for large scale users. Fuel cells have been receiving a lot of attention lately due to their potential of becoming a new energy source with a large range of applications. Fuel cells can be incorporated with other components to create high efficiency industrial power plants. Fuel cells permit clean and efficient energy production. The purpose of the work is to optimize the system’s operation. The main reason to build described system is to supply stand-alone systems using renewable energy sources. Therefore, the power plant has to produce energy independent of any weather fluctuations. Integrating photovoltaic energy sources with fuel cells, as a storage device replacing the conventional lead-acid batteries, leads to a non-polluting reliable energy source. In this chapter, an energy system comprising different energy sources, namely PV and fuel cells, is proposed. Photovoltaic cells coupled with electrolytic devices can be used to produce hydrogen and oxygen in a sustainable manner. With the produced hydrogen from the electrolysis process, it is possible to generate electricity through fuel cells. Photovoltaic panels in particular can provide a good source of producing green electricity. It is autonomous, its operation does not pollute the atmosphere, and it is an inexhaustible and renewable source with great reliability. The simulation program developed also allows the exportation of different configurations. The experimental system described has permitted the validation of the proposed method.

Download Full-text

The Potential of Variable Renewable Energy Sources in Mexico: A Temporally-Evaluated and Geospatially-Constrained Techno-Economical Assessment

10.20944/preprints202107.0223.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Edgar Ubaldo Pena Sanchez ◽

Severin David Ryberg ◽

Heidi Ursula Heinrichs ◽

Detlef Stolten ◽

Martin Robinius

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Open Field ◽

Wind Turbines ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Supply And Demand ◽

Offshore Wind ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Offshore Wind Turbines ◽

Energy Technologies ◽

Variable Renewable Energy Sources

Due to the increasing global importance of decarbonizing human activities, especially the production of electricity, the optimal deployment of renewable energy technologies will play a crucial role in future energy systems. To accomplish this, particular attention must be accorded to the geospatial and temporal distribution of variable renewable energy sources (VRES) such as wind and solar radiation in order to match electricity supply and demand. This study presents a techno-economical assessment of four energy technologies in the hypothetical context of Mexico in 2050, namely: onshore and offshore wind turbines, and open-field and rooftop photovoltaics. A land eligibility analysis incorporating physical, environmental, and socio-political eligibility constraints and individual turbine and photovoltaic park simulations, drawing on 39 years of climate data, is performed for individual sites across the country in an effort to determine the installable potential and the associated levelized costs of electricity. The results reveal that up to 54 PWh of renewable electricity can be produced as a cost of less than 70 EUR/MWh. Around 91% (49 PWh) of this would originate from 23 TW of open-field photovoltaic parks that could occupy up to 578,000 km2 of eligible land across the country. The remaining 9% (4.8 PWh) could be produced by 1.9 TW of onshore wind installations allocated to approximately 68,500 km2 of eligible land that is almost fully adjacent to three mountainous zones. The combination of rooftop photovoltaic and offshore wind turbines account for a very small share of less than 0.03% of the overall techno-economical potential.

Download Full-text

A review on performance evaluation of Bi2Te3–based and some other thermoelectric nanostructure materials

Current Nanoscience ◽

10.2174/1573413716999200820144753 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

Author(s):

Mohammad Ruhul Amin Bhuiyan ◽

Hayati Mamur ◽

Ömer Faruk Dilmaç

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Performance Evaluation ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Review Paper ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Green Energy ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Energy Technologies ◽

Nanostructure Material ◽

New Energy

Background: Future sustainable energy industrialization is a green energy source that has a lower circumstantial impact than traditional energy technologies. The advancement of new energy generation is important to expand the share of renewable energy sources. Objective: Worldwide, for the next generation, future energy demand may be fulfilled by using one of the renewable energy sources such as thermo electricity. Methods: The bismuth telluride-based (Bi2Te3-based) nanostructure material in thermo electricity stillhas a major part of applications. It is known as the most prospective TE device manufactured from a research arena towards successful commercialization. Results: The Bi2Te3-based nanostructure material is now on commercialization stages that it has some limitations. In order to find out the future direction of research and development of this material, the material will face a challenging way. Conclusion: The review paper provides an effective approach to overcome the limitation of Bi2Te3-based nanostructure. Moreover, in this review paper, the performance evaluation with existing Bi2Te3-based nanostructure and some other TE materials will be discussed in detail.

Download Full-text

The Potential of Variable Renewable Energy Sources in Mexico: A Temporally Evaluated and Geospatially Constrained Techno-Economical Assessment

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14185779 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (18) ◽

pp. 5779

Author(s):

Edgar Ubaldo Peña Sánchez ◽

Severin David Ryberg ◽

Heidi Ursula Heinrichs ◽

Detlef Stolten ◽

Martin Robinius

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Open Field ◽

Wind Turbines ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Offshore Wind ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Levelized Cost Of Electricity ◽

Offshore Wind Turbines ◽

Energy Technologies ◽

Variable Renewable Energy Sources

Due to the increasing global importance of decarbonizing human activities, especially the production of electricity, the optimal deployment of renewable energy technologies will play a crucial role in future energy systems. To accomplish this, particular attention must be accorded to the geospatial and temporal distribution of variable renewable energy sources (VRES), such as wind and solar radiation, in order to match electricity supply and demand. This study presents a techno-economical assessment of four energy technologies in the hypothetical context of Mexico in 2050, namely: onshore and offshore wind turbines and open-field and rooftop photovoltaics. A land eligibility analysis incorporating physical, environmental, and sociopolitical eligibility constraints and individual turbine and photovoltaic park simulations, drawing on 39 years of climate data, is performed for individual sites across the country in an effort to determine the installable potential and the associated levelized costs of electricity. The results reveal that up to 54 PWh of renewable electricity can be produced at a levelized cost of electricity of less than 70 EUR·MWh−1. Around 91% (49 PWh) of this electricity would originate from 23 TW of open-field photovoltaic parks that could occupy up to 578,000 km2 of eligible land across the country. The remaining 9% (4.8 PWh) could be produced by 1.9 TW of onshore wind installations allocated to approximately 68,500 km2 of eligible land that is almost fully adjacent to three mountainous zones. The combination of rooftop photovoltaic and offshore wind turbines accounts for a very small share of less than 0.03% of the overall techno-economical potential.

Download Full-text