scholarly journals Estimation of Energy Activity and Flexibility Range in Smart Active Residential Building

Smart Cities ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-495
Author(s):  
Viktor Stepaniuk ◽  
Jayakrishnan Pillai ◽  
Birgitte Bak-Jensen ◽  
Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Active Management ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Storage Units

The smart active residential buildings play a vital role to realize intelligent energy systems by harnessing energy flexibility from loads and storage units. This is imperative to integrate higher proportions of variable renewable energy generation and implement economically attractive demand-side participation schemes. The purpose of this paper is to develop an energy management scheme for smart sustainable buildings and analyze its efficacy when subjected to variable generation, energy storage management, and flexible demand control. This work estimate the flexibility range that can be reached utilizing deferrable/controllable energy system units such as heat pump (HP) in combination with on-site renewable energy sources (RESs), namely photovoltaic (PV) panels and wind turbine (WT), and in-house thermal and electric energy storages, namely hot water storage tank (HWST) and electric battery as back up units. A detailed HP model in combination with the storage tank is developed that accounts for thermal comforts and requirements, and defrost mode. Data analytics is applied to generate demand and generation profiles, and a hybrid energy management and a HP control algorithm is developed in this work. This is to integrate all active components of a building within a single complex-set of energy management solution to be able to apply demand response (DR) signals, as well as to execute all necessary computation and evaluation. Different capacity scenarios of the HWST and battery are used to prioritize the maximum use of renewable energy and consumer comfort preferences. A flexibility range of 22.3% is achieved for the scenario with the largest HWST considered without a battery, while 10.1% in the worst-case scenario with the smallest HWST considered and the largest battery. The results show that the active management and scheduling scheme developed to combine and prioritize thermal, electrical and storage units in buildings is essential to be studied to demonstrate the adequacy of sustainable energy buildings.

scholarly journals Efficient Energy Management in a Microgrid with Intermittent Renewable Energy and Storage Sources

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 3839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makbul A.M. Ramli ◽  
H.R.E.H. Bouchekara ◽  
Abdulsalam S. Alghamdi
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
Battery Storage ◽  
Large Power ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Different Sources

Substituting a single large power grid into various manageable microgrids is the emerging form for maintaining power systems. A microgrid is usually comprised of small units of renewable energy sources, battery storage, combined heat and power (CHP) plants and most importantly, an energy management system (EMS). An EMS is responsible for the core functioning of a microgrid, which includes establishing continuous and reliable communication among all distributed generation (DG) units and ensuring well-coordinated activities. This research focuses on improving the performance of EMS. The problem at hand is the optimal scheduling of the generation units and battery storage in a microgrid. Therefore, EMS should ensure that the power is shared among different sources following an imposed scenario to meet the load requirements, while the operational costs of the microgrid are kept as low as possible. This problem is formulated as an optimization problem. To solve this problem, this research proposes an enhanced version of the most valuable player algorithm (MVPA) which is a new metaheuristic optimization algorithm, inspired by actual sporting events. The obtained results are compared with numerous well-known optimization algorithms to validate the efficiency of the proposed EMS.

scholarly journals Possibilities of Upgrading Warsaw Existing Residential Area to Status of Positive Energy Districts

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5984
Author(s):  
Hanna Jędrzejuk ◽  
Dorota Chwieduk
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
Final Energy ◽  
The City

This paper analyses possibilities of refurbishment of Warsaw’s residential buildings towards standards of the Positive Energy District. The annual final energy consumption in the city in 2019 for the district heating was 8668 GWh, gas (pipelines) was 5300 GWh, electricity from the grid was 7500 GWh, while the emission of the carbon dioxide was 5.62 × 109 kg. The city consists of 18 districts, which are heterogeneous in terms of typology and structure of buildings. The great variety of buildings can be seen, for example, by the annual final energy demand for space heating and hot water preparation per unit of room area. This annual index ranges from over 400 kWh/m2 in historic buildings to 60 kWh/m2 in modern buildings. A reduction in the consumption of non-renewable energy sources and carbon dioxide emissions can be achieved by improving the energy standard of residential buildings and by using renewable energy sources: solar energy, geothermal energy and biogas. The potential barriers for achieving the status of a positive energy district, for example, problems connected with ownership, financing new investments and refurbishment and legal boundaries, have been identified. Moreover, changing the existing electrical grid and district heating systems in urban areas in Warsaw requires comprehensive modernization of practically the entire city’s infrastructure.

scholarly journals Intelligent Optimization And Management System For Renewable Energy Systems Using Multi-Agent

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chahinaze Ameur ◽  
Sanaa Faquir ◽  
Ali Yahyaouy
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Development Environment ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Load Demand ◽  
Multi Agent ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Storage Units

<p>Hybrid energy systems(HES) using renewable energy sources are an interesting solution for power stand-alone systems. However, the energy management of such systems is very complex. This paper presents a Multi Agent System(MAS) framework applied to manage the flow of energy in a hybrid stand-alone system. The proposed system consists of photovoltaic panels and a wind turbine along with batteries as storage units. The proposed MAS architecture composed of different agents(photovoltaic agent, wind turbine agent, supervisor agent, load controller agent, and storage agent) was developed to manage the flow of energy between the energy resources and the storage units for an isolated house. The agent-approach for HES is explained and the proposed MAS is presented and a simulation model is developed in the java agent development environment(JADE). The system was tested with empty batteries and full batteries and results showed that the system could satisfy the load demand while maintaining the level of the batteries between 30%(minimum discharging rate) and 80%(maximum charging rate).</p>

scholarly journals The nZEB Requirements for Residential Buildings: An Analysis of Thermal Comfort and Actual Energy Needs in Portuguese Climate

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8277
Author(s):  
Jaime Resende ◽  
Helena Corvacho
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Nominal Condition

As of now, in the EU, all new buildings will have to comply with the requirements for nearly zero energy buildings (nZEB). Portugal defines limits for the maximum useful energy needs for heating and for the maximum primary energy needs and establishes that 50% of primary energy needs must be covered by local renewable energy sources, based on the dwellings’ nominal condition of use. However, the actual use is different. Thus, a simulation tool is used to assess thermal comfort and energy needs for different conditions of use of a dwelling complying with nZEB requirements. Eight different locations are chosen, covering all Portuguese climate zones. The nZEB requirements lead to unusually high levels of thermal insulation, especially in the coldest regions, so special care must be taken by the designers to avoid overheating in summer. Without using HVAC system, some discomfort is found but comfort is possible with low energy consumption. Furthermore, the compliance with nZEB requirements proved to be enough to ensure that a significant percentage of useful energy needs for heating, cooling and domestic hot water is supplied by local renewable energy sources. This is key in order to overcome the high rate of energy poverty in Portugal.

scholarly journals A Two-Stage Robust Optimization Method Based on the Expected Scenario for Islanded Microgrid Energy Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Qing Duan ◽  
Wanxing Sheng ◽  
Haoqing Wang ◽  
Caihong Zhao ◽  
Chunyan Ma
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Robust Optimization ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Islanded Microgrid

One of the main challenges in microgrid system energy management is dealing with uncertainties such as the power output from renewable energy sources. The classic two-stage robust optimization (C-TSRO) method was proposed to cope with these uncertainties. However, this method is oriented to the worst-case scenario and is therefore somewhat conservative. In this study, focusing on the energy management of a typical islanded microgrid and considering uncertainties such as the power output of renewable energy sources and the power demand of loads, an expected-scenario-oriented two-stage robust optimization (E-TSRO) method is proposed to alleviate the conservative tendency of the C-TSRO method because the E-TSRO method chooses to optimize the system cost according to the expected scenario instead, while ensuring the feasibility of the first-stage variables for all possible scenarios, including the worst case. According to the structural characteristics of the proposed model based on the E-TSRO method, a column-and-constraint generation (C & CG) algorithm is utilized to solve the proposed model. Finally, the effectiveness of the E-TSRO model and the solution algorithm are analysed and validated through a series of experiments, thus obtaining some important conclusions, i.e., the economic efficiency of system operation can be improved at about 6.7% in comparison with the C-TSRO results.

scholarly journals AKUMULIACINĖS TALPYKLOS DINAMINIO VEIKIMO EKSPERIMENTINIS IR SKAITINIS TYRIMAS / EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL RESEARCH OF DYNAMIC OPERATION OF HEAT STORAGE TANK

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (0) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas Kropask ◽  
Giedrė Streckienė ◽  
Anton Frik
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Discharge Rate ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Operation Mode ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Dynamic Mode ◽  
Ansys Fluent ◽  
Development And Validation

Renewable energy sources (RES) and their transformation technologies become more attractive in building sector as energy demand and emissions to the environment increase. Along with renewable energy transformation technologies, the importance of energy storage also arises as these RES are characterized by volatility and energy mismatch over time. For this reason, engineering systems which use RES are becoming increasingly dynamic. This study examines ongoing processes in a vertical cylindrical storage tank designed to cover domestic hot water demand in a building. Simultaneous dynamic mode of operation when the energy is being charged and at the same time discharged from the storage tank is analysed. Experiments are performed and stratification number describing thermal stratification is calculated. The obtained data are used for the development and validation of the numerical model. Using Ansys Fluent software, the influence of different discharge rate on operation mode of the storage tank is investigated. Graphical and numerical interpretation of results is performed.

scholarly journals The Energy System of an Ecovillage: Barriers and Enablers

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 682
Author(s):  
Zita Szabó ◽  
Viola Prohászka ◽  
Ágnes Sallay
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Management System ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Ecologically Sustainable

Nowadays, in the context of climate change, efficient energy management and increasing the share of renewable energy sources in the energy mix are helping to reduce greenhouse gases. In this research, we present the energy system and its management and the possibilities of its development through the example of an ecovillage. The basic goal of such a community is to be economically, socially, and ecologically sustainable, so the study of energy system of an ecovillage is especially justified. As the goal of this community is sustainability, potential technological and efficiency barriers to the use of renewable energy sources will also become visible. Our sample area is Visnyeszéplak ecovillage, where we examined the energy production and consumption habits and possibilities of the community with the help of interviews, literature, and map databases. By examining the spatial structure of the settlement, we examined the spatial structure of energy management. We formulated development proposals that can make the community’s energy management system more efficient.

scholarly journals Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of an Innovative Compact Hybrid Electrical-Thermal Storage System for Residential Buildings in Mediterranean Climate

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 5322
Author(s):  
Gabriel Zsembinszki ◽  
Noelia Llantoy ◽  
Valeria Palomba ◽  
Andrea Frazzica ◽  
Mattia Dallapiccola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Electrical Consumption ◽  
The Impact

The buildings sector is one of the least sustainable activities in the world, accounting for around 40% of the total global energy demand. With the aim to reduce the environmental impact of this sector, the use of renewable energy sources coupled with energy storage systems in buildings has been investigated in recent years. Innovative solutions for cooling, heating, and domestic hot water in buildings can contribute to the buildings’ decarbonization by achieving a reduction of building electrical consumption needed to keep comfortable conditions. However, the environmental impact of a new system is not only related to its electrical consumption from the grid, but also to the environmental load produced in the manufacturing and disposal stages of system components. This study investigates the environmental impact of an innovative system proposed for residential buildings in Mediterranean climate through a life cycle assessment. The results show that, due to the complexity of the system, the manufacturing and disposal stages have a high environmental impact, which is not compensated by the reduction of the impact during the operational stage. A parametric study was also performed to investigate the effect of the design of the storage system on the overall system impact.

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