The Rise of Drug Dealing in the Life of the North American Street Gang

Historical gang literature traditionally perceived street gangs as boisterous outfits occasionally engaged in delinquency. In recent decades however, street gang behavior has come to be seen ever more as encroaching upon criminality, primarily due to its involvement in drug supply. This article aims to provide a brief historical review as to how the practice of drug supply entered into the life of the street gang, with specific emphasis on The War on Drugs in the 1970s and the rise of the crack cocaine economy in the 1980s.

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Emergence and Change

County Lines ◽

10.1332/policypress/9781529203073.003.0003 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 31-60

Author(s):

Simon Harding

Keyword(s):

Street Gangs ◽

Evolutionary Models ◽

Drug Markets ◽

Drug Supply ◽

Street Gang ◽

Supply Networks ◽

Urban Street ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

The Social ◽

New Locations

This chapter discusses why and how county lines drug-supply networks began to emerge in provincial towns across the United Kingdom. It sets out several pre-conditions (variables) which, once ripened, led to the creation of county lines drug-supply networks as they are now known. The chapter also details how street gangs have evolved, leading the social field of the urban street gang into a state of flux. Contributing to this flux are new affiliates with new aspirations to seek out and create competitive advantage by locating and exploiting dormant domestic drug markets in new locations. The chapter then outlines the push–pull factors which make a county line host location attractive. It establishes the Evolutionary Models of CL Networks, creating a typology of different UK county line models increasingly adopting business modes of professionalisation and sophistication.

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Um Breve Histórico de Conceitos Fundamentais da Estratigrafia Moderna: Sequências Deposicionais e seus Fatores Controladores

Pesquisas em Geociências ◽

10.22456/1807-9806.21169 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 3 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

MICHAEL HOLZ

Keyword(s):

North American ◽

Historical Review ◽

Petroleum Geology ◽

Research Groups ◽

American School ◽

Depositional Sequence ◽

The North ◽

Geological Science ◽

Eustatic Controls ◽

In The Beginning

Stratigraphy, fundamental to geological science, has been subjected to deep epistemological changes during the last two decades, changes that are generally seen as being a result of the North American school of stratigraphy, specially concerning research groups linked to petroleum geology. However, the fundamentals of modern stratigraphy, such as the concept of depositional sequence and the discussion on its tectonic and eustatic controls, were already discussed and applied in the beginning of the twenthieth century and earlier, and insofar are not product of research of our times, but result of some ideas as old as the ideas of Lyell and Darwin. The present paper presents a brief historical review of stratigraphy’s history during the last hundred and fifty years and discusses the historical roots of fundamental concepts of modern stratigraphy.

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