scholarly journals Short-Term Waterlogging Depresses Early Growth of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) on Saline Soils with a Shallow Water Table in the Coastal Zone of Bangladesh

Soil Systems ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Priya Lal Chandra Paul ◽  
Richard W. Bell ◽  
Edward G. Barrett-Lennard ◽  
Enamul Kabir ◽  
Mohammed Mainuddin ◽  
...  

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), which is widely grown globally for its high-quality edible oil, is reasonably salt and drought tolerant but it is susceptible to waterlogging. In the saline coastal zone of the Ganges delta, sunflower is often exposed to sudden heavy rainfall during early growth but plant tolerance to such events is not known. Hence, we evaluated the effect of short-term soil inundation (referred to as waterlogging) for 0, 24, 48 and 72 h on sunflower at emergence, 2-leaf, and 4-leaf stages in early- and late-sown crops under field conditions (saline, clay-textured soil, and shallow groundwater). Waterlogging for 24 h did not affect sunflower at any stage but waterlogging for 48 and 72 h suppressed emergence and growth at the 2 and 4-leaf stages. Waterlogging for 72 h completely prevented the emergence for early sowing, whereas emergence was less affected for later sowing. Shoot and root dry weight were most affected at the emergence and 2-leaf stage, not at the 4-leaf stage. In conclusion, waterlogging caused by more than 24 h soil inundation at up to the 4-leaf stage severely depressed emergence and growth, indicating the need for effective drainage at sowing of sunflower in the low-lying coastal saline zone of Bangladesh.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dijana Ocvirk ◽  
Marija Špoljarević ◽  
Marija Kristić ◽  
John T. Hancock ◽  
Tihana Teklić ◽  
...  

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Dannel ◽  
Heidrun Pfeffer ◽  
Volker Römheld

Distribution and compartmentation of boron as possible mechanisms for the notable tolerance of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) to excess B supply have been studied. Following a short- term treatment (6 h) with 1000 µМ B, the distribution of B between different shoot organs was preferentially directed to the readily transpiring ones. Thus, B distribution in sunflower plants seems to be mainly influenced by transpiration and does not act as a B tolerance mechanism in sunflower. As a second possible mechanism for B tolerance, the compartmentation of B between water insoluble residue (i.e. cell wall) and cell sap (i.e. symplasm) was determined. Additional binding of B in the cell wall in response to excess B supply for 6 h was very low in leaves and negligible in roots. Thus, a substantial contribution of the cell wall in detoxification of excess B can be ruled out. In an additional experiment with a B supply of 1 µМ (marginal) to 1000 µМ (moderately toxic), the compartmentation of B between the apoplasmic fluid and the cell sap was investigated. The B concentration in the apoplasmic fluid was always lower than that in the symplasm. Thus, B was not excluded from the symplasm, but accumulated within it. The apoplasmic fluid did not contribute substantially to the detoxification of excess B in the leaf.


2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan HEIDARI

One of the sources for irrigation is sewage. Contaminated water may affect seed germination and plant growth. A laboratory experiment and a pot experiment were conducted in 2012 to determine the effect of different doses of detergent on seed germination traits and early growth of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). The experiments included eight doses of cloth detergent (0, 0.00002, 0.0002, 0.002, 0.02, 0.2, 2, 20 g/L). Results showed that 20 and 2 g/L of detergent severely reduced seed germination, plant height, leaf number per plant, total biomass and stem weight. 20 g/L of detergent reduced shoot length, root length, seedling weight and seed vigor. Seed germination stage was more sensitive to contaminated water than early growth stage. The results demonstrated that irrigating sunflower by contaminated water with household cleaning products at high concentration should be avoided.


1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 1159-1161 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. FRIESEN

AC 222,293, a 2:3 mixture of [methyl 6-(4-isopropyl-4-methyl-5-oxo-2-imidazolin-2-yl)-m-toluate] and [methyl 2-(4-isopropyl-4-methyl-5-oxo-2-imidazolin-2-yl)-p-toluate], effectively controlled wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.) in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L. ’Hybrid Sun M 20’) in field experiments at Morden, Manitoba. Applications of 0.10 kg ha−1 at the two- to four-leaf stage of sunflower resulted in over 90% control of wild mustard. Later applications required progressively higher dosages for similar control levels. Sunflower tolerance to AC 222,293 at the rates studied was excellent with no significant effect on seed yields, seed weight, seed density and oil content of the seed.Key words: Wild mustard, Sinapis arvenis, sunflower, Helianthus annuus, AC 222,293.


2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-498
Author(s):  
G.P. Kononenko ◽  
◽  
M.I. Ustyuzhanina ◽  
A.A. Burkin ◽  
◽  
...  

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-91
Author(s):  
Alfredo Garcia-Perez ◽  
◽  
Mark Harrison ◽  
Bill Grant ◽  
◽  
...  

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