scholarly journals Evolution of Secondary Deformations Captured by Satellite Radar Interferometry: Case Study of an Abandoned Coal Basin in SW Poland

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Blachowski ◽  
Anna Kopec ◽  
Wojciech Milczarek ◽  
Karolina Owczarz
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Radar Data ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Coal Basin ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Surface Deformations ◽  
New Development ◽  
Satellite Radar ◽  
Underground Water Table ◽  
Coal Fields

The issue of monitoring surface motions in post-mining areas in Europe is important due to the fact that a significant number of post-mining areas lie in highly-urbanized and densely-populated regions. Examples can be found in: Belgium, the Czech Republic, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Spain, the United Kingdom, as well as the subject of this study, the Polish Walbrzych Hard Coal Basin. Studies of abandoned coal fields show that surface deformations in post-mining areas occur even several dozen years after the end of underground coal extraction, posing a threat to new development of these areas. In the case of the Walbrzych area, fragmentary, geodetic measurements indicate activity of the surface in the post-mining period (from 1995 onward). In this work, we aimed at determining the evolution of surface deformations in time during the first 15 years after the end of mining, i.e., the 1995–2010 period using ERS 1/2 and Envisat satellite radar data. Satellite radar data from European Space Agency missions are the only source of information on historical surface movements and provide spatial coverage of the entirety of the coal fields. In addition, we attempted to analyze the relationship of the ground deformations with hydrogeological changes and geological and mining data. Three distinct stages of ground movements were identified in the study. The ground motions (LOS (Line Of Sight)) determined with the PSInSAR (Persistent Scatterer Interferometry) method indicate uplift of the surface of up to +8 mm/a in the first period (until 2002). The extent and rate of this motion was congruent with the process of underground water table restoration in separate water basins associated with three neighboring coal fields. In the second period, after the stabilization of the underground water table, the surface remained active, as indicated by local subsidence (up to −5 mm/a) and uplift (up to +5 mm/a) zones. We hypothesize that this surface activity is the result of ground reaction disturbed by long-term shallow and deep mining. The third stage is characterized by gradual stabilization and decreasing deformations of the surface. The results accentuate the complexity of ground motion processes in post-mining areas, the advantages of the satellite radar technique for historical studies, and provide information for authorities responsible for new development of such areas, e.g., regarding potential flood zones caused by restoration of groundwater table in subsided areas.

scholarly journals Development and operation of a muon detection system under extremely high humidity environment for monitoring underground water table

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. K. M. Tanaka ◽  
A. Sannomiya
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Scintillation Counter ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Borehole Data ◽  
High Humidity Environment ◽  
Underground Water Table ◽  
Muon Detection

Abstract. In order to investigate the complex nature of landslides triggered by rainfall, dynamic muon radiography of the motion of the underground water table is planned in a drainage tunnel drilled underneath an estimated fault plane. However, the humidity inside the tunnel is almost 100%. In order to suppress moisture effects, a scintillation counter with Cockcroft–Walton photomultipler tubes (CW-MPT) was developed and tested at the observation site located in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. The counter was stably operated for 38 days without gain degrading. Based on the result, we constructed a muon detection system with CW-PMTs at the same site and started operation runs. In this work, the data from borehole-based water gauge measurements of the underground water levels were analyzed and discussed. It was confirmed that the comparison between muon and borehole data would be useful.

Combination of line sampling and important sampling for reliability assessment of buried pipelines

2018 ◽  
Vol 233 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-150
Author(s):  
Kong Fah Tee ◽  
Andrew Utomi Ebenuwa
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Structural Reliability ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Buried Pipe ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Line Sampling ◽  
Sensitivity Assessment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Underground Water Table

In this article, a novel approach for estimating the time-dependent reliability of a buried pipe under the impact of internal and external stresses by combining line sampling and important sampling is proposed. The stresses are analysed given the severe effect of corrosion on the performance of underground pipeline. The effect of corrosion during the design life of buried pipe decreases the capability of the pipe wall to sustain the stresses that occur internally or externally. Herein, the failure conditions of total axial stress and the ovality–stress due to point load in conjunction with the adverse effect of corrosion are examined using the proposed computational framework. The quantification of pipe failure due to these stresses is usually challenging because of the imprecision in the determination of the structural parameters. Therefore, the approach is used to capture and evaluate the influence of randomness behaviour of the parameters of pipe and soil in estimating the structural reliability. The proposed method can be applied to any structural engineering problems. In this study, a buried pipe under a roadway is examined and the effect of the underground water table on the performance of buried pipe over time is investigated. The outcome shows that a continuous increase in underground water table can aggravate the likelihood of the buried pipeline to fail. A parametric and sensitivity assessment of corrosion parameters shows their significant contribution to the probability of failure.

scholarly journals MONITORING OF THE UNDERMINED TERRITORIES OF KARAGANDA COAL BASIN ON THE BASIS OF SATELLITE RADAR INTERFEROMETRY

2016 ◽  
Vol III-6 ◽  
pp. 37-40
Author(s):  
S. B. Ozhigina ◽  
D. V. Mozer ◽  
D. S Ozhigin ◽  
S. G. Ozhigin ◽  
O. G. Bessimbayeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Radar Interferometry ◽  
Coal Basin ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Satellite Radar ◽  
Karaganda Coal

In the Karaganda coal basin, mines are located in close proximity to each other and to the city of Karaganda and ongoing mining operations are accompanied by a dangerous process of settling the earth's surface and monitoring are essential for the region's econ-omy. Underground mining leads to the formation of voids in the rock mass, which cause displacement of the earth surface. This paper demonstrates an innovative use of the integrated approach for monitoring on the example of Karaganda coal basin, which includes estimation of the rock mass displacement using leveling profile lines and satellite radar interferometry. It is proved that satellite radar interferometry provides reliable results of surface subsidence measurements in mining areas and can be used for con-sidered sort of monitoring.

scholarly journals The issues of drainage of discussed mines in the Katowice conurbation, Poland

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
Marzena Lamparska
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Legal Obligation ◽  
Coal Basin ◽  
Upper Silesian Coal Basin ◽  
Current Location ◽  
Northern Side ◽  
Urbanized Areas ◽  
Underground Water Table

Abstract The Katowice conurbation is situated in the Upper-Silesian Coal Basin, in a region which had high rate of water inflow in the pre-mining period. In order to make deposits of mineral resources accessible, it was, and still is, necessary provide mines with a draining system, which now reaches as deep as 1200 m. The area of the depression sink which was thus created is about 1200 km2. Currently, all metal ore mines within the conurbation, as well as part of coal mines, have been closed down, but water which flows into them is still pumped out due to the legal obligation to protect neighbouring operating mines. After the operation and drainage of mines cease, water coming to abandoned excavations will begin restoring static reserves in the orogen, which, depending on hydrological conditions, will take between several and a few dozen years. As the level of underground water rises, the process of subsidence of old shallow mining excavations will intensify, and many depressions may appear in highly urbanized areas. In areas of mining subsidence, the underground water-table will be close to the surface, causing flooding of basements and building foundations, and the deepest subsidence basins will probably be completely flooded. Current location of operating mines on the northern and southern sides of the conurbation with the central belt of drained excavations is unfavourable for its sustainable development. A solution, which would make it possible for the conurbation to grow, would be to close down and flood the mines on the northern side as soon as their mining concessions expire, which will be in early 2020s. Then, the area would regain its original stability within a decade and all kinds of construction activities could be carried out there. That, however, requires authorities of municipalities to object to the extension of concessions for mines, which may be impossible to obtain due to fears of social discontent resulting from miners - residents of those municipalities - being made redundant.

scholarly journals Development and operation of a muon detection system under extremely high humidity environment for monitoring underground water table

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 719-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. K. M. Tanaka ◽  
A. Sannomiya
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Scintillation Counter ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Borehole Data ◽  
High Humidity Environment ◽  
Underground Water Table ◽  
Muon Detection

Abstract. In order to investigate the complex nature of the landslides triggered by rainfall, dynamic muon radiography of the motion of the underground water table is performed in a the drainage tunnel drilled underneath an the estimated fault plane. However, the humidity inside the tunnel is almost 100%. In order to suppress the moisture effect, a scintillation counter with Cockcroft-Wwalton photomultipler tubes (CW-MPT) was developed and tested at the observation site. The counter was stably operated for 38 days without gain degrading. Based on the result, we constructed a muon detection system with CW-PMTs at the same site and started operation runs. In this work, the data from borehole-based measurement of the underground water levels were analyzed and discussed. It was confirmed that the comparison between muon and borehole data would be useful.

scholarly journals An evaluation of processing InSAR Sentinel-1A/B data for correlation of mining subsidence with mining induced tremors in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (Poland)

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 00003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Krawczyk ◽  
Radosław Grzybek
Keyword(s):  
Induced Seismicity ◽  
Ground Subsidence ◽  
Underground Coal Mining ◽  
Coal Basin ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Spatial Image ◽  
Upper Silesian Coal Basin ◽  
Satellite Radar ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Mining Tremors

The Satellite Radar Interferometry is one of the common methods that allow to measure the land subsidence caused by the underground black coal excavation. The interferometry images processed from the repeat-pass Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) systems give the spatial image of the terrain subjected to the surface subsidence over mining areas. Until now, the InSAR methods using data from the SAR Systems like ERS-1/ERS-2 and Envisat-1 were limited to a repeat-pass cycle of 35-day only. Recently, the ESA launched Sentinel-1A and 1B, and together they can provide the InSAR coverage in a 6-day repeat cycle. The studied area was the Upper Silesian Coal Basin in Poland, where the underground coal mining causes continuous subsidence of terrain surface and mining tremors (mine-induced seismicity). The main problem was with overlapping the subsidence caused by the mining exploitation with the epicentre tremors. Based on the Sentinel SAR images, research was done in regard to the correlation between the short term ground subsidence range border and the mine-induced seismicity epicentres localisation.

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