scholarly journals Types and Sources of Underground Water Table Pollution in Sânmihaiu German Settlement (Timiş County) – Preliminary Analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol X (1) ◽  
pp. 207-211
Author(s):  
Alina Satmari ◽  
Ana Ianăş
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Underground Water Table

scholarly journals Evolution of Secondary Deformations Captured by Satellite Radar Interferometry: Case Study of an Abandoned Coal Basin in SW Poland

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Blachowski ◽  
Anna Kopec ◽  
Wojciech Milczarek ◽  
Karolina Owczarz
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Radar Data ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Coal Basin ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Surface Deformations ◽  
New Development ◽  
Satellite Radar ◽  
Underground Water Table ◽  
Coal Fields

The issue of monitoring surface motions in post-mining areas in Europe is important due to the fact that a significant number of post-mining areas lie in highly-urbanized and densely-populated regions. Examples can be found in: Belgium, the Czech Republic, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Spain, the United Kingdom, as well as the subject of this study, the Polish Walbrzych Hard Coal Basin. Studies of abandoned coal fields show that surface deformations in post-mining areas occur even several dozen years after the end of underground coal extraction, posing a threat to new development of these areas. In the case of the Walbrzych area, fragmentary, geodetic measurements indicate activity of the surface in the post-mining period (from 1995 onward). In this work, we aimed at determining the evolution of surface deformations in time during the first 15 years after the end of mining, i.e., the 1995–2010 period using ERS 1/2 and Envisat satellite radar data. Satellite radar data from European Space Agency missions are the only source of information on historical surface movements and provide spatial coverage of the entirety of the coal fields. In addition, we attempted to analyze the relationship of the ground deformations with hydrogeological changes and geological and mining data. Three distinct stages of ground movements were identified in the study. The ground motions (LOS (Line Of Sight)) determined with the PSInSAR (Persistent Scatterer Interferometry) method indicate uplift of the surface of up to +8 mm/a in the first period (until 2002). The extent and rate of this motion was congruent with the process of underground water table restoration in separate water basins associated with three neighboring coal fields. In the second period, after the stabilization of the underground water table, the surface remained active, as indicated by local subsidence (up to −5 mm/a) and uplift (up to +5 mm/a) zones. We hypothesize that this surface activity is the result of ground reaction disturbed by long-term shallow and deep mining. The third stage is characterized by gradual stabilization and decreasing deformations of the surface. The results accentuate the complexity of ground motion processes in post-mining areas, the advantages of the satellite radar technique for historical studies, and provide information for authorities responsible for new development of such areas, e.g., regarding potential flood zones caused by restoration of groundwater table in subsided areas.

scholarly journals Development and operation of a muon detection system under extremely high humidity environment for monitoring underground water table

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. K. M. Tanaka ◽  
A. Sannomiya
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Scintillation Counter ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Borehole Data ◽  
High Humidity Environment ◽  
Underground Water Table ◽  
Muon Detection

Abstract. In order to investigate the complex nature of landslides triggered by rainfall, dynamic muon radiography of the motion of the underground water table is planned in a drainage tunnel drilled underneath an estimated fault plane. However, the humidity inside the tunnel is almost 100%. In order to suppress moisture effects, a scintillation counter with Cockcroft–Walton photomultipler tubes (CW-MPT) was developed and tested at the observation site located in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. The counter was stably operated for 38 days without gain degrading. Based on the result, we constructed a muon detection system with CW-PMTs at the same site and started operation runs. In this work, the data from borehole-based water gauge measurements of the underground water levels were analyzed and discussed. It was confirmed that the comparison between muon and borehole data would be useful.

Combination of line sampling and important sampling for reliability assessment of buried pipelines

2018 ◽  
Vol 233 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-150
Author(s):  
Kong Fah Tee ◽  
Andrew Utomi Ebenuwa
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Structural Reliability ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Buried Pipe ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Line Sampling ◽  
Sensitivity Assessment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Underground Water Table

In this article, a novel approach for estimating the time-dependent reliability of a buried pipe under the impact of internal and external stresses by combining line sampling and important sampling is proposed. The stresses are analysed given the severe effect of corrosion on the performance of underground pipeline. The effect of corrosion during the design life of buried pipe decreases the capability of the pipe wall to sustain the stresses that occur internally or externally. Herein, the failure conditions of total axial stress and the ovality–stress due to point load in conjunction with the adverse effect of corrosion are examined using the proposed computational framework. The quantification of pipe failure due to these stresses is usually challenging because of the imprecision in the determination of the structural parameters. Therefore, the approach is used to capture and evaluate the influence of randomness behaviour of the parameters of pipe and soil in estimating the structural reliability. The proposed method can be applied to any structural engineering problems. In this study, a buried pipe under a roadway is examined and the effect of the underground water table on the performance of buried pipe over time is investigated. The outcome shows that a continuous increase in underground water table can aggravate the likelihood of the buried pipeline to fail. A parametric and sensitivity assessment of corrosion parameters shows their significant contribution to the probability of failure.

scholarly journals Development and operation of a muon detection system under extremely high humidity environment for monitoring underground water table

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 719-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. K. M. Tanaka ◽  
A. Sannomiya
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Scintillation Counter ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Borehole Data ◽  
High Humidity Environment ◽  
Underground Water Table ◽  
Muon Detection

Abstract. In order to investigate the complex nature of the landslides triggered by rainfall, dynamic muon radiography of the motion of the underground water table is performed in a the drainage tunnel drilled underneath an the estimated fault plane. However, the humidity inside the tunnel is almost 100%. In order to suppress the moisture effect, a scintillation counter with Cockcroft-Wwalton photomultipler tubes (CW-MPT) was developed and tested at the observation site. The counter was stably operated for 38 days without gain degrading. Based on the result, we constructed a muon detection system with CW-PMTs at the same site and started operation runs. In this work, the data from borehole-based measurement of the underground water levels were analyzed and discussed. It was confirmed that the comparison between muon and borehole data would be useful.

scholarly journals An Extension of Taylor’s φ-Circle Method and Some Stability Charts for Submerged Slopes

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Ping Li ◽  
Luanhua Dong ◽  
Xiaowen Gao ◽  
Tonglu Li ◽  
Xiaokun Hou
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Solutions ◽  
Factor Of Safety ◽  
Classical Method ◽  
Circle Method ◽  
Failure Surface ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Submerged Condition ◽  
Stability Calculation ◽  
Critical Failure Surface ◽  
Underground Water Table

Taylor’s φ-circle method is a classical method for slope stability calculation, which has analytical solutions. Taylor derived equations in two cases separately, namely, (i) the outlet of the critical failure surface is at the slope toe and (ii) the outlet of the failure surfaces is not at the slope toe. The method is only appropriate for two conditions (without underground water table in slopes or totally submerged slopes). In this study, a general equation that unifies the equations of the two cases is proposed and partially submerged condition is introduced. The critical failure surfaces corresponding to the minimum factor of safety are determined using the computer program proposed by the authors. The general expression of the safety factor of slopes under the following four conditions is derived, namely, (i) partly submerged, (ii) completely submerged, (iii) water sudden drawdown, and (iv) water slow drawdown. The corresponding charts for practical use are available.

scholarly journals Effects of Eucalyptus Globulus on the Underground Water in Udigram, Swat, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 90-96
Author(s):  
Saifullah Khan ◽  
Mahmood -Ul- Hasan ◽  
Muhammad Aslam Khan
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
The Other ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Tube Wells ◽  
Intensive Use

The plantation of Eucalyptus in hilly areas is not encouraging insight because it vanishes more than 50 litersof groundwater per day into the atmosphere and is gradually more dangerous to the water table and rock reservoirs. Therate of water evaporated by eucalyptus is higher than compared to the incoming showers in the area.This imbalance inthe water cycle caused changes in the water table as well as the flow of water from the springs.On the other hand, itswood is of poor quality and having low market demand as well as domestic use.The precipitation shows -2 inches (-25.8 millimeters) decline per year in the winter season between 1995 and 2014, while the ratio of increase is 1.24inches (31.5 millimeters) in the summer months. Generally,the major share of annual precipitation was from the winterseason before 1995, but onward, it is in summer and the area dropped from humid to sub-humid climate.This seasonalfluctuation of rainfall and dryness of rock reservoirs has not only decreased the water table, but also caused changes inthe flow of water from the springs and rivers. The dryness of the wells after reduction in precipitation, generally leadsto the digging and intensive use of tube wells in the area. The study reveals that the dryness in spring has an aftereffecttotally of cultivation of Eucalyptus on the Raja Gira hill slopes and required mitigation to overcome the issue of wateravailability for the locals.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Pollution Elements at Samara Water Table – Iraq

2020 ◽  
pp. 898-907
Author(s):  
Marwah S. Shimal ◽  
Auday H. Shaban
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Gis Technology ◽  
Entire Area ◽  
Covered Area ◽  
Who Standards ◽  
Agriculture Irrigation ◽  
The City

Underground water is extracted by wells that are connected through underground canals. Thus, the levels of pollutant elements in ground water could be evaluated directly from water samples collected from the wells. This study was conducted in the city of Samara / Salah-Aldeen province – Iraq. The samples were taken from 29wells within the study area for the period 2012-2014 with a supervision from the General Authority for Groundwater / the Iraqi Ministry of Water Resources. GIS technology was adopted to calculate the pollution elements at Samara water table. The concentrations of chemical elements [K, Na, Mg, Cl, Ca] and compounds [SO4, HCO3] were manipulated and calculated for the entire area. The results of laboratory analyses showed that the groundwater in this area is not suitable for use as drinking water for humans, since the concentrations of the chemical elements and the compounds exceeded the permissible limits and are not in accordance with WHO standards. However, the results also indicated that the groundwater in the covered area is suitable for agriculture irrigation.

scholarly journals WATER TABLE EFFECTS ON BEAN YIELD AND NITRATE DISTRIBUTION IN THE SOIL PROFILE

Irriga ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-366
Author(s):  
João Carlos Cury Saad ◽  
José Cerilo Calegaro
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Nitrate Pollution ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
State University ◽  
Consumptive Use ◽  
Water Tables ◽  
Bean Yield ◽  
Nitrate Distribution

WATER TABLE EFFECTS ON BEAN YIELD AND NITRATE DISTRIBUTION IN THE SOIL PROFILE  João Carlos Cury Saad; José Cerilo CalegaroRural Engineering Departament, School of Agronomic Sciences, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, [email protected] 1 ABSTRACT              In order to evaluate the bean yield under different water table levels as well as the moisture and nitrate distribution in the soil profile, a field experiment was carried out in the experimental area of the College of Agricultural Sciences – UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil. Beans were grown in field lysimeters under five water table depths: 30; 40; 50; 60 and 70 cm. The moisture in the soil profile was determined gravimetrically using samples collected at 10; 20;  30; 40; 50; 60 and 70 cm deep. The water table depths of 30cm and 40cm showed the highest productivities (3,228.4kg.ha-1 and 3,422.1kg.ha-1, respectively), with no statistical differences between them. The highest productivity was related to the two highest water table levels (30 and 40cm), which provided the highest moisture average values on the basis of volume in the soil profile (33.3 e 31%) as well as the consumptive use of water (416 and 396mm). The nitrate content during the bean cycle at the extraction depth of 60cm was below the safe drinking limit of 10mg.l-1 for water table depths of 30; 40; 50 and 60cm, which shows the denitrification efficiency as a way of controlling nitrate pollution in water tables. The management of water table can lead to high levels of bean yield and to a better control of nitrate pollution in underground water. KEY WORDS: lysimeters, soil moisture, denitrification.  SAAD, J. C. C.; CALEGARO, J. C. EFEITOS NO NÍVEL FREÁTICO NA PRODUTIVIDADE DO FEIJOEIRO E NA DISTRIBUIÇÃO DE NITRATO NO PERFIL DE SOLO  2 RESUMO Para avaliar a produtividade do feijoeiro submetido a diferentes níveis de lençol freático, a distribuição de umidade e a concentração de nitrato no perfil do solo, um experimento de campo foi conduzido na área experimental do Departamento de Engenharia Rural da FCA-Câmpus de Botucatu-UNESP. O feijão foi semeado em lisímetros de campo e submetido a cinco níveis de lençol freático, 0,30; 0,40; 0,50; 0,60 e 0,70m de profundidade a partir da superfície do solo. A  umidade no perfil do solo foi determinada pelo método gravimétrico, com amostras  obtidas à 0,10; 0,20; 0,30; 0,40; 0,50; 0,60 e 0,70m de profundidade. As profundidades de nível freático 0,30m e 0,40m apresentaram as maiores produtividades (3.228,4kg.ha-1 e 3.422,1kg.ha-1, respectivamente), não diferindo estatisticamente entre si. As maiores produtividades estiveram associadas aos dois níveis freáticos mais elevados (0,30 e 0,40m), que propiciaram os maiores valores médios de umidade à base de volume no perfil do solo (33,3 e 31%), as maiores lâminas totais (416 e 396 mm) e as maiores taxas de denitrificação (99,6 e 99,7%). O teor de nitrato durante o ciclo do feijoeiro, na profundidade de extração de 0,60m, esteve abaixo do limite tolerável de 10mg.l-1 para as profundidades de lençol freático de 0,30; 0,40; 0,50 e 0,60m, mostrando a eficiência da denitrificação como forma de controle da poluição do lençol freático por NO3-N. O manejo do lençol freático permite tanto a obtenção de elevados níveis de produtividade do feijoeiro como o controle da poluição das águas subterrâneas por nitrato. UNITERMOS: lisímetro,  umidade do solo,  denitrificação.

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