scholarly journals Influence of Evacuation Walkway Design Parameters on Passenger Evacuation Time along Elevated Rail Transit Lines Using a Multi-Agent Simulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 6049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zihua Pan ◽  
Qingchao Wei ◽  
Olav Torp ◽  
Albert Lau
Keyword(s):  
Safety Management ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Rail Transit ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Transit Systems ◽  
Risk Zone ◽  
Agent Simulation ◽  
Multi Agent ◽  
Time Fluctuation ◽  
Evacuation Safety

Passenger evacuation on elevated railway lines has always been an important issue for elevated rail transit safety management, because it is challenging to evacuate passengers efficiently in the event of man-made calamities and natural disasters. Therefore, an evacuation walkway has been designed as a primary solution to assist passenger evacuation during an emergency on elevated rail transit lines. However, investigations on how evacuation walkway designs influence passenger evacuation time are still limited. This study established two evacuation scenarios of interval evacuation on elevated rail transit lines and put forward a new evacuation time measurement method, based on the concept of ‘evacuation time for passengers leaving the evacuation walkway risk zone’. Then, the evacuation time for 90 combinations of entrance widths and walkway widths was simulated by a multi-agent evacuation simulator, Pathfinder, considering 1032 passengers being evacuated both unidirectionally and bidirectionally. The results show that the entrance width and walkway width have a combined effect on passenger evacuation time. An increase in the walkway width from 0.7 m to 1.5 m may potentially reduce the evacuation time by 54.5% in unidirectional evacuation, and 35.2% in bidirectional evacuation. An increase in the entrance width results in a noticeable evacuation time fluctuation when the walkway width is 0.7 and 0.8 m for both evacuation scenarios, while in a bidirectional evacuation, a noticeable fluctuation also can be observed when the walkway width is within the range of 1.4–1.5 m. According to the study, a potentially good design parameter combination for a newly built evacuation walkway is 1.3 m and 1.4 m for the walkway width and entrance width, respectively. The findings from this study may provide a useful reference in the optimization of the design of evacuation facilities and improvement of passenger evacuation safety in rail transit systems.

Adequacy of Safe Egress Design Codes for Supertall Buildings

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 568-580
Author(s):  
Edgar C. L. Pang ◽  
◽  
Wan-Ki Chow
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Fire Safety ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Tall Buildings ◽  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Commercial Building ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Normal Heights ◽  
Evacuation Routes

Emergency evacuation for supertall buildings with heights over 200 m require a very long time for occupants to travel down the buildings. Occupants might jam into protected lobbies and staircases, extending the waiting time. There is not yet any code requirement specifically for emergency evacuation in supertall buildings, which are criticized for using the same codes for buildings with normal heights. Further, the evacuation design for several existing supertall buildings does not even follow prescriptive fire-safety codes. The underlying problems have not yet been addressed by thorough studies. Evacuation in such tall buildings in Hong Kong will be studied in this paper. The assumptions made in the local prescriptive codes for safe egress will be justified. Three buildings with evacuation design complying with the local codes are considered as examples. A commercial building, a hotel, and a residential block in Hong Kong are taken as examples. The key design parameters in the local codes are for 40 people evacuating with a flow rate of 1.1 person/s through the staircase between typical floors. The evacuation time from each floor to the protected lobby is assumed to be within 5 min. The evacuation times in different scenarios with these assumptions are calculated. Such assumptions do not hold under a high occupant load. The total evacuation time would be extended significantly when the travelling flows of occupants are blocked in any of the evacuation routes. Different fire-safety management schemes with staged evacuation, such as assigning higher priorities to evacuate lower or upper floors first, are evaluated. The results observed for safe egress are then discussed.

Multi-Agent Based Simulation Model for Rail Transit Evacuation Process

2014 ◽  
Vol 1030-1032 ◽  
pp. 2044-2049
Author(s):  
Can Can Zhao ◽  
Xiao Hong Guo ◽  
Juxihong Julaiti ◽  
Jie Wang
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Rail Transit ◽  
Evacuation Simulation ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Agent Model ◽  
Agent Simulation ◽  
Multi Agent ◽  
The Military ◽  
Specific Definition

In order to analyze the evacuation behaviors and optimize evacuation strategies for rail transit system, an evacuation agent centered simulation model was proposed. Firstly, by considering the attributes, status and decision-making behaviors of evacuation personnel, the evacuation agent model was established, and the running principle as well as construction process of multi-agent simulation model was discussed. Then, the specific definition and design for the agent attributes and evacuation behavior protocol were provided. Finally, based on the simulation model proposed, an evacuation simulation platform for the military museum station of Beijing subway line 9 was established by using REPAST and JAVA, several evacuation strategies were tested and optimized.

Research on Simulation of Evacuation in the Deep Buried Station of Urban Rail Transit

2014 ◽  
Vol 505-506 ◽  
pp. 712-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dei Wei Li ◽  
Fang Lin Liu ◽  
Yue Xin Wang ◽  
Wei Teng Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Safety Management ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Urban Rail Transit ◽  
Rail Transit ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Urban Rail ◽  
Bottle Neck ◽  
Station Safety

For the depth of deep buried station, the safety of the station and passengers should be seriously taken into consideration. This paper analyses the features of deep buried station and the influence of these features to the station safety management. With simulation method, the maximum optimal passenger capacity and evacuation time could be calculated, and bottle-neck in the station design could be found. From the comparison of the outcome between deep buried station and normal station, deep buried stations have longer evacuation time and lower optimal passenger capacity, which should be paid special attention to in the operation.

scholarly journals Impact of evacuation design parameter on users' evacuation time using a multi-agent simulation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Ahmad Fadhli Syed Abdul Rahman ◽  
Khairul Nizam Abdul Maulud ◽  
Biswajeet Pradhan ◽  
Sharifah Nurul Ain Syed Mustorpha ◽  
Adi Irfan Che Ani
Keyword(s):  
Design Parameter ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Agent Simulation ◽  
Multi Agent

scholarly journals Analysis of Evacuation Time for Vulnerable Individuals During Inundation of Lowland Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 866-873
Author(s):  
Chang Yeon Bae ◽  
◽  
Kenichiro Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Geographic Factors ◽  
Evacuation Plans ◽  
Vulnerable People ◽  
Agent Simulation ◽  
Disaster Situation ◽  
Multi Agent ◽  
Increasing Demand

There is an increasing demand for establishing pre-emptive measures for disaster management. However, there is a lack of support systems available for vulnerable individuals living in disaster-prone regions in Korea. This study constructs a multi-agent simulation model to analyze the evacuation time for Dongnae district and Yeonje district in Busan, Korea. In disaster-prone regions, vulnerable people experience difficulties, such as, obtaining updated information about the disaster situation, and this reduces their evacuation speed. Additionally, there is a possibility that the evacuation speed, while evacuating vulnerable people, may decrease due to environmental and geographic factors, including the slope and elevation of the areas. Therefore, this section of the society requires special attention and policies that are different from those made for people who may not face such calamities and are physically abled. An analysis based on factors such as road slopes and delays in evacuation due to flooding, was conducted to formulate realistic evacuation plans for people who are vulnerable. The location of shelters in the case of flooding in Dongnae and Yeonje district, have been better identified. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the evacuation time could be reduced if wide-area evacuation is implemented. This study provides a base for developing suitable shelters and evacuation plans for disaster-prone regions.

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