Evaluation of the Effect of an Exhaust Reduction System in Fire Stations

Firefighters are known to be exposed to a variety of hazardous materials and combustion products during operational and training activities, as well as in fire stations. However, exposure to diesel exhaust emissions, classified as carcinogenic to humans by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), is also present in the fire station environment. In this study, concentrations of elemental carbon (EC), which is a surrogate of diesel exhaust and indoor air pollutants, has been measured to compare the effect of an exhaust reduction system (ERS) that was installed in the engine bays of two fire stations to mitigate indoor air pollution levels in the garage, duty offices, and dormitory/shower areas. The levels of most pollutants were reduced after the installation of the ERS. Pollutants may disperse inside of fire stations. Therefore, the ERS is a valuable strategy to mitigate pollutant exposure among firefighters and outdoor air pollution using the filtration ability of an ERS. The results of this study suggest that all truck bays should install an ERS to reduce pollutant exposure and that installation is especially necessary for EURO 3 fire vehicles.

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Indoor Air Pollution Levels Were Halved as a Result of a National Tobacco Ban in a New Zealand Prison

Nicotine & Tobacco Research ◽

10.1093/ntr/nts127 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 343-347 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

S. Thornley ◽

K. N. Dirks ◽

R. Edwards ◽

A. Woodward ◽

R. Marshall

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

New Zealand ◽

Indoor Air ◽

Indoor Air Pollution ◽

Pollution Levels ◽

Tobacco Ban

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CHRONIC AIRWAY SYMPTOMS AND LUNG FUNCTION AMONG WOMEN IN A RURAL COMMUNITY IN GUATEMALA WITH HIGH INDOOR AIR POLLUTION LEVELS

Epidemiology ◽

10.1097/00001648-200407000-00193 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. S79-S80

Author(s):

Tone Smith-Sivertsen ◽

Nigel Bruce ◽

Anaite Diaz ◽

Morten Alexander Schei ◽

Daniel Pope ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Lung Function ◽

Rural Community ◽

Indoor Air ◽

Indoor Air Pollution ◽

Pollution Levels ◽

Airway Symptoms ◽

Chronic Airway

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Persistent Indoor Air Pollution Levels in the Homes of New York City Children over 4 to 5 years

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology ◽

10.1016/j.jaci.2010.12.381 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 127 (2) ◽

pp. AB94-AB94

Author(s):

J.M. Camacho ◽

S. Hsu ◽

K.H. Jung ◽

K.M. Moors ◽

K.J. Bernabé ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Air Pollution ◽

New York City ◽

Indoor Air ◽

York City ◽

Indoor Air Pollution ◽

Pollution Levels

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Numerical Simulation of Indoor Air Pollution Levels in a Church and in a Museum in Greece

Studies in Conservation ◽

10.2307/1506666 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 45 (2) ◽

pp. 85 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

G. Drakou ◽

Ch. Zerefos ◽

I. Ziomas ◽

V. Ganitis

Keyword(s):

Numerical Simulation ◽

Air Pollution ◽

Indoor Air ◽

Indoor Air Pollution ◽

Pollution Levels

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Contributions of burning incense on indoor air pollution levels and on the health status of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.9768 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. e9768

Author(s):

Su-Er Guo ◽

Miao-Ching Chi ◽

Chieh-Mo Lin ◽

Tsung-Ming Yang

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Health Status ◽

Lung Function ◽

Indoor Air ◽

Indoor Air Pollution ◽

Small Sample Size ◽

Small Sample ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Common Source ◽

Pollution Levels

Background Among Buddhist or Taoist Taiwanese residents, burning incense is a common source of indoor particulate matter (PM), including PM10 and PM2.5, and can adversely affect the health status of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD). However, few studies have focused on the effects of intermittent burning of incense on PM concentration levels and the health status of patients with COPD. This correlational cohort study aimed to investigate the association between burning incense exposure duration, indoor air pollution levels, and lung function in patients with COPD in Taiwan. Methods We assessed 18 outpatients at seven time points with moderate-to-severe COPD using the COPD Assessment Test (CAT), and lung function tests. PM level changes were assessed at seven intervals using generalized estimating equations. Results Participants were primarily male (84%), with a mean age of 72.1 (standard deviation (SD) ± 9.3) years, and with a mean COPD duration of 3.7 (SD ± 3.1) years. Both PM10 and PM2.5 levels were the same as the background levels 1 h after incense burning. Burning incense may not influence lung function or symptom severity in patients with COPD in a short-time period. Air quality returned to baseline levels 1 h after burning incense. Conclusion Patients with COPD should avoid staying in rooms where incense is burnt, for up to 1 h. The small sample size and short study period may have influenced our results. Future longitudinal studies with larger sample sizes and long-term follow-ups are recommended.

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The Reproducibility of Indoor Air Pollution (IAP) Measurement: A Test Case for the Measurement of Key Air Pollutants from the Pan Frying of Fish Samples

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2014/236501 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ki-Hyun Kim ◽

Yong-Hyun Kim ◽

Bo-Won Kim ◽

Jeong-Hyeon Ahn ◽

Min-Suk Bae ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Indoor Air ◽

Indoor Air Pollution ◽

Relative Standard Error ◽

Test Case ◽

Pollution Levels ◽

Relative Standard ◽

Fish Samples ◽

Key Variables ◽

Pan Frying

To assess the robustness of various indoor air quality (IAQ) indices, we explored the possible role of reproducibility-induced variability in the measurements of different pollutants under similar sampling and emissions conditions. Polluted indoor conditions were generated by pan frying fish samples in a closed room. A total of 11 experiments were carried out to measure a list of key variables commonly used to represent indoor air pollution (IAP) indicators such as particulate matter (PM: PM1, PM2.5, PM10, and TSP) and a set of individual volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with some odor markers. The cooking activity conducted as part of our experiments was successful to consistently generate significant pollution levels (mean PM10: 7110 μg m−3and mean total VOC (TVOC): 1400 μg m−3, resp.). Then, relative standard error (RSE) was computed to assess the reproducibility between different IAP paramters measured across the repeated experiments. If the results were evaluated by an arbitrary criterion of 10%, the patterns were divided into two data groups (e.g., <10% for benzene and some aldehydes and >10% for the remainders). Most noticeably, TVOC had the most repeatable results with a reproducibility (RSE) value of 3.2% (n=11).

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How Do Combustion and Non-Combustion Products Used Outdoors Affect Outdoor and Indoor Particulate Matter Levels? A Field Evaluation Near the Entrance of an Italian University Library

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17145200 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (14) ◽

pp. 5200

Author(s):

Vittoria Cammalleri ◽

Daniela Marotta ◽

Carmela Protano ◽

Matteo Vitali ◽

Paolo Villari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Particulate Matter ◽

Indoor Air ◽

Indoor Air Pollution ◽

Field Evaluation ◽

Combustion Products ◽

Smoking Ban ◽

University Library ◽

Pollution Indicator ◽

Indoor Particulate Matter

Particulate Matter (PM) is a well-known health risk factor and pollutes both outdoor and indoor air. Using PM as an air pollution indicator, the aims were to assess outdoor and indoor air pollution due to combustion and/or non-combustion products used outdoors and to compare the PM levels emitted by different products. PM with an aerodynamic diameter ≤10, 4, 2.5 and 1 µm (PM10, PM4, PM2.5, PM1) was simultaneously measured in two areas, respectively, indoors (with smoking ban) and outdoors (where people commonly smoke) of a university library during the morning and the afternoon of two weekdays. Both combustion and non-combustion products determined a relevant worsening of outdoor air quality, with the highest PM1 levels achieved when a single traditional cigarette (9920 µg m−3), a single e-cigarette (9810 µg m−3) and three simultaneous traditional cigarettes (8700 µg m−3) were smoked. An increase of indoor PM1 levels was found during outdoor smoking/vaping sessions, persisting also after the end of sessions. The results highlighted the need for a revision of smoke-free laws, especially for outdoor areas, to include non-combustion products. In addition, it is essential to make society aware of the dangers of smoking outdoors by implementing health promotion interventions.

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Contribution of Vehicle Emissions from an Attached Garage to Residential Indoor Air Pollution Levels

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association ◽

10.1080/10473289.2004.10470931 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 54 (5) ◽

pp. 563-584 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Lisa A. Graham ◽

Lianne Noseworthy ◽

Don Fugler ◽

Kevin O'Leary ◽

Deniz Karman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Indoor Air ◽

Vehicle Emissions ◽

Indoor Air Pollution ◽

Pollution Levels

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Outdoor and Indoor Air Pollution in China

Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1177/101053958700100412 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 1 (4) ◽

pp. 46-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S Niu PhD

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Indoor Air ◽

Indoor Air Pollution ◽

Warm Season ◽

Chronic Respiratory Disease ◽

Cold Season ◽

Pollution Levels ◽

Direct Combustion ◽

Urban And Rural Residents ◽

Standards And Regulations

Outdoor and Indoor air pollution in China is mainly due to direct combustion of coal for domestic heating and cooking purposes. In general, air pollution levels are more severe in the northern parts of the country, during the cold season and cooking hours than in the southern parts, during the warm season and non-cooking hours. The direct impact of air pollution on human health is increasing incidents of chronic respiratory disease in urban and rural residents, and even increased cases of lung cancer in nonsmoking women. With the purpose of controlling air pollution and improving environmental health, a series of laws, standards and regulations have been adopted over the last few years.

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