scholarly journals Sustainable Personal Transport Modes in a Life Cycle Perspective—Public or Private?

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 7092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajib Sinha ◽  
Lars E. Olsson ◽  
Björn Frostell
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Environmental Pressures ◽  
Environmental Footprints ◽  
Passenger Travel ◽  
Life Cycle Perspective ◽  
Private Car ◽  
Transport Modes ◽  
Public Versus Private

Life cycle-based studies endorse public transport to cause lower environmental pressures compared to a private car. However, a private car can cause lower environmental pressure when a public vehicle (bus or train) runs on a lower occupancy during an off-peak hour. This fact should be the basis for a more profound debate regarding public versus private transport. Many transport interventions are striving to reduce the number of car transports. To reach this goal, passengers need attractive alternatives to their reduced number of car travels (i.e., attractive public transport). This study aimed to develop a model allowing us to estimate potential environmental gains by changing travel behavior. A passenger travel model was developed based on life cycle inventories (LCI) of different travel modes to calculate environmental footprints. The model was applied in an intervention of public transport through temporary free public transport. The intervention was successful in significantly reducing the number of car transports (12%). However, total passenger kilometer travelled (PKT) increased substantially more, mainly by bus, but also train, bicycle and walking. The total energy, carbon and nitrogen oxide footprints were slightly increased after the intervention. If the commuters were assumed to travel during peak hours or the number of public transports were not affected by the increased number of commuters, the overall environmental footprints decreased. Our conclusions are that transport interventions are very complex. They may result in desired changes, but also in altered travel behavior, increasing overall impact. Thus, a very broad evaluation of all transport modes as well as potential positive social influences of the transport intervention will be necessary.

scholarly journals Urban Sprawl, Socioeconomic Features, and Travel Patterns in Middle East Countries: A Case Study in Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9620
Author(s):  
Melika Mehriar ◽  
Houshmand Masoumi ◽  
Inmaculada Mohino
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Weighted Least Squares ◽  
Residential Location Choice ◽  
Middle East Countries ◽  
Shopping Area ◽  
Private Car

The present study aimed to investigate different socioeconomic factors as well as the perceptions and travel behaviors associated with urban sprawl in two cities of different sizes in Iran, as a developing country in the Middle East. Four Weighted Least Squares (WLS) regression models were developed for Hamedan and Nowshahr, as examples of large and small cities in Iran, respectively. The findings showed different correlations related to urban sprawl between Iranian cities and high-income countries in terms of socioeconomic and travel behavior determinants. Urban sprawl around home in Hamedan was positively correlated with the number of cars and driving licenses in households, the use of a private car for trips, and less use of public transport. Urban sprawl around homes in Nowshahr was related to an increased number of cars, the use of private cars for non-commuting trips, less sense of belonging to the neighborhood, and lower income. Additionally, urban sprawl around workplaces was correlated with main daily activity, number of non-commuting trips, mode of choice for non-commuting, and residential location choice in Hamedan a swell as monthly income, daily shopping area, frequency of public transport use, quality of recreational facilities, length of time for living in the current home, and commuting distance in Nowshahr.

scholarly journals Modelling Environmental Burdens of Indoor-Grown Vegetables and Herbs as Affected by Red and Blue LED Lighting

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 4063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppina Pennisi ◽  
Esther Sanyé-Mengual ◽  
Francesco Orsini ◽  
Andrea Crepaldi ◽  
Silvana Nicola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Environmental Pressures ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Led Lighting ◽  
Life Cycle Perspective ◽  
Electronic Elements

Notwithstanding that indoor farming is claimed to reduce the environmental pressures of food systems, electricity needs are elevated and mainly associated with lighting. To date, however, no studies have quantified the environmental and economic profile of Light Emitting Diodes (LED) lighting in indoor farming systems. The goal of this study is to quantify the effect of varying the red (R) and blue (B) LED spectral components (RB ratios of 0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 4) on the eco-efficiency of indoor production of lettuce, chicory, rocket and sweet basil from a life cycle perspective. The functional unit of the assessment was 1 kg of harvested fresh plant edible product, and the International Reference Life Cycle Data System (ILCD) method was employed for impact assessment. Even though most of the materials of the LED lamp and electronic elements were imported from long distances (14,400 km), electricity consumption was the largest contributor to the environmental impacts (with the LED lamps being the main electricity consumers, approximately 70%), apart from the resources use indicator, where the materials of the lamps and the mineral nutrients were also relevant. RB0.5 was the most energy-efficient light treatment but had the lowest eco-efficiency scores due to the lower crop yields.

scholarly journals Simulation of the Daily Activity Plans of Travelers Using the Park-and-Ride System and Autonomous Vehicles: Work and Shopping Trip Purposes

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jairo Ortega ◽  
Jamil Hamadneh ◽  
Domokos Esztergár-Kiss ◽  
János Tóth
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Daily Activity ◽  
Transport Mode ◽  
Park And Ride ◽  
Activity Chain ◽  
Private Car ◽  
Transport Modes ◽  
The Impact

The preferences of travelers determines the utility of daily activity plans. Decision-makers can affect the preference of travelers when they force private car users to use park-and-ride (P&R) facilities as a way of decreasing traffic in city centers. The P&R system has been shown to be effective in reducing uninterrupted increases in traffic congestion, especially in city centers. Therefore, the impacts of P&R on travel behavior and the daily activity plans of both worker and shopper travelers were studied in this paper. Moreover, autonomous vehicles (AVs) are a promising technology for the coming decade. A simulation of the AV as part of a multimodal system, when the P&R system was integrated in the daily activity plans, was carried out to determine the required AV fleet size needed to fulfill a certain demand and to study the impacts of AVs on the behavior of travelers (trip time and distance). Specifically, a group of travelers, who use private cars as their transport mode, was studied, and certain modifications to their daily activity plans, including P&R facilities and changing their transport mode, were introduced. Using the MATSim open-source tool, four scenarios were simulated based on the mentioned modifications. The four scenarios included (1) a simulation of the existing transport modes of the travelers, (2) a simulation of their daily activity plans when their transport modes were changed to AVs, (3) a simulation of the travelers, when P&R facilities were included in their activity chain plans, and (4) a simulation of their daily activity plans, when both P&R and AVs were included in their activity chain plans. The result showed that using the P&R system increased overall travel time, compared with using a private car. The results also demonstrated that using AVs as a replacement for conventional cars reduced travel time. In conclusion, the impact of P&R and AVs on the travel behavior of certain travelers was evaluated in this paper.

scholarly journals The Influence of Introducing Autonomous Vehicles on Conventional Transport Modes and Travel Time

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4163
Author(s):  
Jamil Hamadneh ◽  
Domokos Esztergár-Kiss
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Fleet Size ◽  
The Public ◽  
Levels Of Automation ◽  
Multi Agent ◽  
Transport Modes ◽  
The Impact

Introducing autonomous vehicles (AVs) on the market is likely to bring changes in the mobility of travelers. In this work, extensive research is conducted to study the impact of different levels of automation on the mobility of people, and full driving automation needs further study because it is still under development. The impacts of AVs on travel behavior can be studied by integrating AVs into activity-based models. The contribution of this study is the estimation of AVs’ impacts on travelers’ mobility when different travel demands are provided, and also the estimation of AVs’ impact on the modal share considering the different willingness of pay to travel by AVs. This study analyses the potential impacts of AVs on travel behavior by investigating a sample of 8500 travelers who recorded their daily activity plans in Budapest, Hungary. Three scenarios are derived to study travel behavior and to find the impacts of the AVs on the conventional transport modes. The scenarios include (1) a simulation of the existing condition, (2) a simulation of AVs as a full replacement for conventional transport modes, and (3) a simulation of the AVs with conventional transport modes concerning different marginal utilities of travel time in AVs. The simulations are done by using the Multi-Agent Transport Simulation (MATSim) open-source software, which applies a co-evolutionary optimization algorithm. Using the scenarios in the study, we develop a base model, determine the required fleet size of AVs needed to fulfill the demand of the different groups of travelers, and predict the new modal shares of the transport modes when AVs appear on the market. The results demonstrate that the travelers are exposed to a reduction in travel time once conventional transport modes are replaced by AVs. The impact of the value of travel time (VOT) on the usage of AVs and the modal share is demonstrated. The decrease in the VOT of AVs increases the usage of AVs, and it particularly decreases the usage of cars even more than other transport modes. AVs strongly affect the public transport when the VOT of AVs gets close to the VOT of public transport. Finally, the result shows that 1 AV can replace 7.85 conventional vehicles with acceptable waiting time.

scholarly journals THE PREFERENCE STUDY ON PRIVATE TRANSPORT MODE OF TRANSFORMATION BASED ON USER BEHAVIOR

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Khaerat Nur ◽  
Lawalenna Samang ◽  
M. Isran Ramli ◽  
Sumarni Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
User Behavior ◽  
Interaction Model ◽  
User Interaction ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Common People ◽  
Transport Modes ◽  
Preference Study

One of the causes in congestion that the number of vehicles are not proportional to the volume increase.Nowadays, common people prefer to use privite vehiches than public transport and various reasons such asconvenience, faster travel time, the capacity of public transport is not operating as it should and so forth. This study is astudy exploring perceptions of transformation preference for personal transport users (four-wheel and two-wheel) interms of the behavior of the user journey mode. Draft analysis approach consisted of descriptive statistical methods toobtain the user travel behavior and perceptions of personal transport modes, as well as structural equation modeling(SEM) to obtain travel behavior user interaction modes of private transport towards the transformation of modes ofperception. The Expected results are: (1) the characteristics of travel behavior and user perception of personal transportmodes, (2) interaction model the characteristics of travel and travel behavior user and its relation to perceptiontransformation of private transport modes

scholarly journals EKSPLORASI MODA ASAL PENGGUNA TRANSPORTASI ONLINE DI KOTA BANDUNG

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Muhamad Rizki ◽  
Tri Basuki Joewono ◽  
Jeanly Syahputri
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Substitution Effect ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Private Car

Abstract The rise of ride-sourcing service for cities mobility has change how people do travel and consequently disrupt transport ecosystem. This paper explore the travel behavior of ride-sourcing users based on travellers’ previous modes using discriminant analysis. For the purpose, the study collected data from a survey in the Bandung City in 2018. Analysis confirms the substitution effect of ride-sourcing from both private and public transport. Substitution effect occur from public transport than private car that tend to associated with younger traveller which have limitation access for private transport. The analysis found that ride-sourcing might be used for specific purposes only rather than for daily commuting, especially for users who previously use private car. Keywords: ridesourcing, previous mode, public transport, travel behavior  Abstrak Munculnya penggunaan angkutan online dalam mobilitas perkotaan telah mengubah cara orang melakukan perjalanan dan akibatnya mengganggu ekosistem transportasi. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi perilaku perjalanan pengguna angkutan online berdasarkan moda berkendara sebelumnya menggunakan analisis diskriminan. Untuk tujuan tersebut, pada penelitian ini dikumpulkan data dari survei primer yang dilakukan di Kota Bandung pada tahun 2018. Analisis mengonfirmasi efek substitusi angkutan online transportasi pribadi dan transportasi publik. Efek substitusi terjadi dari angkutan umum daripada mobil pribadi yang cenderung merupakan pelaku perjalanan muda yang memiliki akses terbatas untuk angkutan pribadi. Analisis yang dilakukan menemukan bahwa angkutan online mungkin hanya digunakan untuk tujuan tertentu daripada untuk perjalanan sehari-hari, terutama untuk pengguna yang sebelumnya menggunakan mobil pribadi. Kata-kata kunci: angkutan online, moda sebelumnya, transportasi publik, perilaku perjalanan

Use of Exclusive and Pooled Ridehailing Services in Three Mexican Cities

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110028
Author(s):  
Joanna Moody ◽  
Enrique Esparza-Villarreal ◽  
David Keith
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Travel Time Reliability ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Private Car ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Many ◽  
Study Participants

The global expansion of ridehailing platforms has been accompanied by a diversification of service offerings as platforms fit within new urban contexts. While ridehailing has been of great interest to transportation researchers, analysis of its adoption and use in developing cities that differentiates between service offerings is lacking. To help address this knowledge gap, this study analyzes primary survey data collected from frequent users of the DiDi Chuxing ridehailing platform in three Mexican cities: Mérida, Toluca de Lerdo, and Aguascalientes. It investigates how ridehailing fits into the travel behavior of its users, explicitly differentiating between express (exclusive) and comparte (pooled) services. Findings were that (i) frequent use of ridehailing is positively correlated with use of public transport—city-run and privately-operated buses—and taxi, but negatively correlated with use of private car and motorcycle; and (ii) ridehailing trips are more likely to substitute public transport and taxi trips, but that the mode substitution depends on the service offering, with high substitutability between express and comparte. This degree of substitutability suggests that there is potential to encourage ridehailing users to pool trips, increasing the occupancy rate of ridehailing vehicles and reducing their negative impacts on congestion. Among the many factors involved in choosing between exclusive and pooled services, study participants rated safety, travel time, travel time reliability, and price as key determinants, with a highly elastic relation between travel time and price. These results inform efforts by urban transportation policymakers and ridehailing operators to encourage pooling in the Latin American context.

scholarly journals Investigation of Employee Related Airport Ground Access Strategies from a Post-COVID Perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110332
Author(s):  
Oguzhan Yilmaz ◽  
Matthew Frost ◽  
Andrew Timmis ◽  
Stephen Ison
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Active Travel ◽  
Strategy Development ◽  
Sustainable Transport ◽  
Car Sharing ◽  
Documentary Analysis ◽  
The Future ◽  
Private Car ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Access Policies

Until recently, addressing the environmental externalities associated with the use of the private car and single occupancy vehicles has been the focus of the airport ground access policies worldwide. However, with the emerging unprecedented challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic, which have already changed the way we live, work, and travel, encouraging a change in commuter behavior has become even more important. This has necessitated that existing strategies be reconsidered in favor of adapting to a highly uncertain “COVID-19 world.” Historically, there has been a dearth of literature relating to airport employees’ ground access even though as a group employees represent an important segment of airport users with complex access requirements. This paper therefore focuses on airport employee related airport ground access strategies considering an emerging understanding of the future impacts of COVID-19 on global air travel. Pre-COVID strategies are investigated by conducting a documentary analysis of the most recent ground access strategies of 27 UK airports. The findings reveal that airport ground access strategies were mainly focused on setting targets and producing policy measures in favor of reducing car use and increasing the use of more sustainable transport modes including public transport, car sharing, and active travel (walking, cycling). However, measures encouraging public transport and car sharing will be more difficult to implement because of social distancing and fear of proximity to others. Instead, initiatives encouraging remote working, active travel, and improved staff awareness will be at the forefront of the future ground access strategy development.

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