scholarly journals On the Sustainable Choice of Alloying Elements for Strength of Aluminum-Based Alloys

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1059
Author(s):  
Anders E.W. Jarfors ◽  
Andong Du ◽  
Gegan Yu ◽  
Jinchuan Zheng ◽  
Kaikun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Aluminum Alloys ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Rare Earth Metals ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Alloying Elements ◽  
Material Strength ◽  
Sustainable Material ◽  
Material Development ◽  
Nickel Copper

Aluminum alloys are today entirely recyclable and are seen as a sustainable material. However, there are limitations in the use of aluminum from material strength and cost perspective. Nickel, copper and rare earth metals are alloying elements that may provide strength at room and elevated temperatures. These are, however, often seen as harmful from a sustainability viewpoint. Additionally, these alloying elements are commonly costly. The current paper makes an analysis of the sustainability–strength dimension of alloying, together with a cost perspective, to guide alloy producers and alloy users in making an educated choice of direction for future materials and material development.

Effect of atmospheric nitrogen on the oxidation mechanism of aluminum alloys with rare-earth metals

2015 ◽  
Vol 88 (12) ◽  
pp. 1913-1919
Author(s):  
L. A. Akashev ◽  
N. A. Popov ◽  
Yu. M. Yarmoshenko ◽  
A. V. Druzhinin ◽  
V. G. Shevchenko
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Aluminum Alloys ◽  
Rare Earth Metals ◽  
Oxidation Mechanism ◽  
Atmospheric Nitrogen

scholarly journals Thermal Stability of Aluminum Alloys

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 3441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Czerwinski
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Aluminum Alloys ◽  
Rare Earth Metals ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Testing Techniques ◽  
Engineering Alloys ◽  
Thermal Stability Of ◽  
Stability Definitions

Thermal stability, determining the material ability of retaining its properties at required temperatures over extended service time, is becoming the next frontier for aluminum alloys. Its improvement would substantially expand their range of structural applications, especially in automotive and aerospace industries. This report explains the fundamentals of thermal stability; definitions, the properties involved; and the deterioration indicators during thermal/thermomechanical exposures, including an impact of accidental fire, and testing techniques. For individual classes of alloys, efforts aimed at identifying factors stabilizing their microstructure at service temperatures are described. Particular attention is paid to attempts of increasing the current upper service limit of high-temperature grades. In addition to alloying aluminum with a variety of elements to create the thermally stable microstructure, in particular, transition and rare-earth metals, parallel efforts are explored through applying novel routes of alloy processing, such as rapid solidification, powder metallurgy and additive manufacturing, engineering alloys in a liquid state prior to casting, and post-casting treatments. The goal is to overcome the present barriers and to develop novel aluminum alloys with superior properties that are stable across the temperature and time space, required by modern designs.

Thermal oxidation of the surface of binary aluminum alloys with rare-earth metals

2015 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 852-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Akashev ◽  
N. A. Popov ◽  
M. V. Kuznetsov ◽  
V. G. Shevchenko
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Aluminum Alloys ◽  
Thermal Oxidation ◽  
Rare Earth Metals

scholarly journals BEHAVIOR OF RARE-EARTH METALS IN HYDROMETALLURGICAL PROCESSING OF PYROCHLOR-MONAZITE-GOETHITE ORES

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 64-71
Author(s):  
N. A. Permyakova ◽  
E. I. Lysakova ◽  
S. I. Anufrieva ◽  
E. G. Likhnikevich
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Nitric Acid Solution ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Rare Earth Metals ◽  
Acid Leaching ◽  
Earth Metal ◽  
Hydrometallurgical Processing ◽  
Nitric Acid Leaching

The article is dedicated to finding out the specific features of the behavior of rare-earth metals in hydrometallurgical processing of pyrochlore-monazite-goetite ores of the Chuktukonsky ore field is shown in the work. Chuktukonsky ore field is a potential source of rare earth metals. The mentioned ores are practically unenforceable. Hydrometallurgical methods for their complex processing were suggested. Agitational and autoclave nitric acid leaching depending on such technological parameters as temperature, HNO3 concentration, process duration, S:L ratio and the use of H2O2 were studied. The possibility of transferring manganese (that is present in a significant amount in the ore) into a nitric acid solution by hydrogen peroxide was considered. Based on the results of the conducted studies, the distribution of REM in the products of the hydrometallurgical conversion of pyrochlore-monazitegoetite ore was estimated. It was found out that incomplete opening of the ore material was observed during agitational leaching: average REM recovery into the solution is 60%. The study made it possible to solve the problem of purifying nitric acid solutions from phosphorus that hinders the subsequent extraction and separation of rare earth metal ions forming strong complexes with rare earths. Removal of phosphorus from the solution was achieved by conducting the process under pressure at elevated temperatures (200-230 0C). It was found that the optimal decomposition conditions ensuring the transfer of almost 99% of the REM into the nitric acid solution are: 25% solution of HNO3, ore size - 0.071 mm; 5% by volume H2O2; t(160 0С) = 1 h; t(230 0С) = 1 h, gradual temperature increase from 160 to 230 0С; S:L = 1:8. Autoclave nitric-acid leaching allows selecting rare earth metals from the main part of iron, phosphorus and niobium.

Characterization of Rare-Earth Fluoride Anti-Stokes Phosphors by Scanning arid Transmission Electron Microscopy

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 142-143
Author(s):  
N. M. P. Low ◽  
L. E. Brosselard
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Stoichiometric Composition ◽  
Rare Earth Ions ◽  
Crystalline Solid ◽  
Precipitation Process ◽  
Rare Earth Fluoride ◽  
Earth Fluoride ◽  
Rare Earth Fluorides

There has been considerable interest over the past several years in materials capable of converting infrared radiation to visible light by means of sequential excitation in two or more steps. Several rare-earth trifluorides (LaF3, YF3, GdF3, and LuF3) containing a small amount of other trivalent rare-earth ions (Yb3+ and Er3+, or Ho3+, or Tm3+) have been found to exhibit such phenomenon. The methods of preparation of these rare-earth fluorides in the crystalline solid form generally involve a co-precipitation process and a subsequent solid state reaction at elevated temperatures. This investigation was undertaken to examine the morphological features of both the precipitated and the thermally treated fluoride powders by both transmission and scanning electron microscopy.Rare-earth oxides of stoichiometric composition were dissolved in nitric acid and the mixed rare-earth fluoride was then coprecipitated out as fine granules by the addition of excess hydrofluoric acid. The precipitated rare-earth fluorides were washed with water, separated from the aqueous solution, and oven-dried.

Magnetic susceptibility of liquid heavy rare earth metals

1979 ◽  
Vol 40 (C5) ◽  
pp. C5-260-C5-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Müller ◽  
E. Huber ◽  
H.-J. Güntherodt
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Metals ◽  
Heavy Rare Earth

ELECTRONIC RELAXATION IN RARE EARTH METALS AND ALLOYS - A NON-KRAMERS EXAMPLE : Tm3+

1980 ◽  
Vol 41 (C1) ◽  
pp. C1-25-C1-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. S. Dixon ◽  
L. S. Fritz ◽  
Y. Mahmud ◽  
B. B. Triplett ◽  
S. S. Hanna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Metals ◽  
Metals And Alloys ◽  
Electronic Relaxation
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