scholarly journals Investigating Bat Activity in Various Agricultural Landscapes in Northeastern United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1959
Author(s):  
Katherine Harms ◽  
Emmanuel Omondi ◽  
Atanu Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pest ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Land Use Management ◽  
Tree Line ◽  
Bat Activity ◽  
Insect Pest Control ◽  
Organic Systems ◽  
Conventional Systems ◽  
Organically Managed ◽  
Monitoring Devices

Bats are estimated to provide between $3.7 and $53 billion annually in ecosystem services in the U.S.A. Determining how bats use land for foraging is important in planning agricultural landscapes to increase their presence and role in insect pest control. A research project was established in 2016 and 2017 to determine bat populations and activity differences between different land use management systems. Bat activity was monitored in 10 conventionally and organically managed systems in the presence of, and at a distance from the tree line. Two acoustic monitoring devices were used to record ultrasonic echolocation calls of bats. Organic systems without tree line had 67% and 45% greater bat passes than conventional systems without tree line as detected by the two devices. However, the conventional system with tree line had 61% and 59% greater bat passes than organic systems, attributed to known roosting sites in the area. Mean bat passes of 73.4 and 30 were recorded respectively at 15 m and 46 m from the tree line, suggesting that bats prefer to forage near tree lines likely to have greater access to roosting, food security, and habitation. This study confirms the importance of tree lines in impacting bat activity in conformity with past studies that reported similar results.

scholarly journals Responses of bats to landscape transformation in an Andean agricultural landscape

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Vélez-Orozco ◽  
Laura M. Romero ◽  
John H. Castaño ◽  
Jaime A. Carranza-Quiceno ◽  
Jairo Pérez-Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Insect Pest Control ◽  
Control Pollination ◽  
Bat Diversity

AbstractThe current debate on the future of biodiversity gives rise to the need to integrate agricultural landscapes into conservation strategies. Bats are an important component of vertebrate diversity in many terrestrial landscapes where they provide invaluable and important ecosystem services to human societies such as insect pest control, pollination and seed dispersal. Here we study bat diversity and abundance in three landscapes representing a transformational gradient (continuous forests, forest fragments and crops) in an Andean agricultural scenario known as Colombia’s “Coffee Cultural Landscape”. We captured 1146 bats from 32 species and 4 families. The bat diversity and abundance in this landscape were high, especially for frugivorous bats, but there were no differences among the three transformational landscapes. However, some species were captured differentially between landscapes, suggesting that these landscapes have characteristics that influence the relative abundance of bats. Additionally, body weight and sex affect the abundance of some species in forest fragments and crops.

THE SUCCESS OF THE LUCERNE MESSAGE IN MARLBOROUGH

1981 ◽  
pp. 179-183
Author(s):  
A.J. Cresswell
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Insect Pest Control ◽  
One Year ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
New Cultivars

This paper, as well as being a testimonial to the benefit the writer has received from the Grassland Association, shows how the knowledge of scientists has been used to increase lucerne seed yields by methods of growing resistant cultivars especially for seed production as opposed to growing for hay, silage or grazing. It shows how new cultivars can be multiplied quickly by growing two crops in one year, one in each hemisphere, by using low seeding rates, wide plant spacing and very good weed control. Increased flowering of the crop has been achieved by the use of boron and the choice of time of closing; better pollination has been achieved by the use of more efficient bees - two varieties of which have been imported from North America. Weed and insect pest control and the use of a desiccant at harvest are contributing to a four-fold increase in seed yield, which should double again soon,

scholarly journals Cuticle degrading enzyme production by some isolates of the entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
N Sapna Bai ◽  
OK Remadevi ◽  
TO Sasidharan ◽  
M Balachander ◽  
Priyadarsanan Dharmarajan
Keyword(s):  
Pest Control ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Enzyme Production ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Mechanical Pressure ◽  
Degrading Enzyme ◽  
Insect Pest Control ◽  
Degrading Enzymes

Context: Entomopathogenic fungi have been recognized as viable alternate options to chemicals in insect pest control. Unlike other potential biocontrol agents, fungi do not have to be ingested to infect their hosts but invade directly through the cuticle. Entry into the host involves both enzymic degradation of the cuticle barrier and mechanical pressure. Production of a range of cuticle degrading enzymes is an important event in the interaction of entomopathogenic fungi and host. Enzyme secretion is believed to be a key contributor for the virulence of a fungal isolate. Objectives: The potentiality of nine isolates of M. anisopliae were tested to produce to produce three important cuticle degrading enzymes, viz., chitinase, protease and lipase. Materials and Methods: Nine isolates of M. anisopliae were evaluated for chitinase, protease and lipase enzyme production by determining the enzyme index and activities. Results: Chitinase index of these isolates were ranged from 1.5 to 2.2 and chitinolytic activity from 0.525 to 1.560 U/ml. The isolates showed protease index in the range of 1.2 to 3.3 and the activity ranged from 0.020 to 0.114 U/ml. Lipase index ranged from 1.15 to 7.0 and the enzyme activity ranged from 0.153 to 0.500 U/ml. A strong relationship was observed between virulence of the isolates and cuticle degrading enzyme production as increased enzyme production was observed for virulent isolates. Conclusion: In the present study three isolates as (MIS2, MIS7 and MIS13) demonstrated cuticle degrading enzyme (CDE) that indicate higher virulence based on the bioassay conducted earlier by the authors as strongly substantiating the role of CDEs is considered the virulence of Metarhizium isolates. So, these isolates may be as ecofriendly insect-pest control agent in future. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v20i0.17648 J. bio-sci. 20: 25-32, 2012

Regulatory roles of microRNAs in insect pests: prospective targets for insect pest control

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 158-166
Author(s):  
Qiang Zhang ◽  
Wei Dou ◽  
Clauvis Nji Tizi Taning ◽  
Guy Smagghe ◽  
Jin-Jun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Pest Control ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Insect Pest Control

scholarly journals Myco-Biocontrol of Insect Pests: Factors Involved, Mechanism, and Regulation

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sardul Singh Sandhu ◽  
Anil K. Sharma ◽  
Vikas Beniwal ◽  
Gunjan Goel ◽  
Priya Batra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Insect Pest Control ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Chemical Inputs ◽  
Chemical Pesticides

The growing demand for reducing chemical inputs in agriculture and increased resistance to insecticides have provided great impetus to the development of alternative forms of insect-pest control. Myco-biocontrol offers an attractive alternative to the use of chemical pesticides. Myco-biocontrol agents are naturally occurring organisms which are perceived as less damaging to the environment. Their mode of action appears little complex which makes it highly unlikely that resistance could be developed to a biopesticide. Past research has shown some promise of the use of fungi as a selective pesticide. The current paper updates us about the recent progress in the field of myco-biocontrol of insect pests and their possible mechanism of action to further enhance our understanding about the biological control of insect pests.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document