Design and Sensitivity Analysis of Hybrid Photovoltaic-Fuel-Cell-Battery System to Supply a Small Community at Saudi NEOM City

This research paper aimed to design and present a sensitivity analysis of a hybrid photovoltaic-fuel-cell-battery (PV/FC/B) system to supply a small community for the recently planned grand city NEOM in Saudi Arabia. The location of the city of NEOM is characterized by a high average level of solar irradiance. The average daily horizontal solar radiation is around 5.85 kWh/m2. A detailed feasibility and techno-economic evaluation of a PV/FC/B hybrid energy system were done to supply a daily load demand of 500 kWh (peak-35 kW). The PV array was the main source to meet the load demand. During the surplus periods, the battery was charged using extra energy and powered the electrolyzer for hydrogen production. The produced hydrogen was stored for later use. During the deficit periods, the FC and/or battery supported the PV array to meet the load demand. Two benchmarks, the cost of energy (COE) and net present cost (NPC), were used to identify the best size of the PV/FC/B system. Variation of the tilt angle of the PV array and the derating factor were considered to determine the effect of the performance of the PV/FC/B system’s COE and NPC. The main findings confirmed that a 200 kW PV array, 40 kW FC, 96 batteries, 50 kW converter, 110 kW electrolyzer, and 50 kg hydrogen tank was the best option to supply the load demand. The values of total NPC and COE were $500,823 and $0.126/kWh. The annual excess energy was very sensitive to the declination angle of the PV array. The minimum annual excess energy was achieved at an angle of 30 degrees. It decreased by 75.7% and by 60.6% compared to a horizontal surface and 50 degrees of declination, respectively. To prove the viability of the proposed system, a comparison with grid extension along with a diesel generation system was carried out.

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Modeling, Control and Power Management Strategy of a Grid connected Hybrid Energy System

International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) ◽

10.11591/ijece.v8i3.pp1345-1356 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 1345 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sujit Kumar Bhuyan ◽

Prakash Kumar Hota ◽

Bhagabat Panda

Keyword(s):

Fuel Cell ◽

Power Management ◽

Storage Tank ◽

Power Flow ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Energy System ◽

Pv System ◽

Hybrid Energy System ◽

Hybrid Energy ◽

Load Demand

This paper presents the detailed modeling of various components of a grid connected hybrid energy system (HES) consisting of a photovoltaic (PV) system, a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), an electrolyzer and a hydrogen storage tank with a power flow controller. Also, a valve controlled by the proposed controller decides how much amount of fuel is consumed by fuel cell according to the load demand. In this paper fuel cell is used instead of battery bank because fuel cell is free from pollution. The control and power management strategies are also developed. When the PV power is sufficient then it can fulfill the load demand as well as feeds the extra power to the electrolyzer. By using the electrolyzer, the hydrogen is generated from the water and stored in storage tank and this hydrogen act as a fuel to SOFC. If the availability of the power from the PV system cannot fulfill the load demand, then the fuel cell fulfills the required load demand. The SOFC takes required amount of hydrogen as fuel, which is controlled by the PID controller through a valve. Effectiveness of this technology is verified by the help of computer simulations in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment under various loading conditions and promising results are obtained.

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USING PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMAZATION TO FIND OPTIMAL SIZING OF PV-BS AND DIESEL GENERATOR

Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development ◽

10.31272/jeasd.25.3.6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 51-59

Author(s):

Abbas Q. Mohammed ◽

◽

Kassim A. Al-Anbarri ◽

Rafid M. Hannun ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particle Swarm ◽

Energy System ◽

Total System ◽

Diesel Generator ◽

Optimal Sizing ◽

Hybrid Energy ◽

Multi Objective ◽

Load Demand ◽

Cost Of Energy ◽

Southern Iraq

This paper explores the sizing optimization of stand -alone hybrid energy system (HES) in southern Iraq (Thi Qar province) for supply stand-alone households by the electricity. HES consist of three components (solar cell (PV), diesel generator (DG) and battery storage (BS)). Particle swarm optimization (PSO) used in this study for find optimal sizing of the HES to minimizing multi-objective, first objective is to minimizing the total system cost (TSC) that lead to minimizing cost of energy (COE). Second objective is to minimizing total emission CO2 (TECO2). The constraint of the optimization is the reliability (100 %) mean continuous provide the load demand by the electricity. The results of the optimization show the ability the algorithm to minimizing the multi-objective with continuous supply the load by the electricity through life cycle of the project (25) years.

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Modeling and Simulation of Grid Connected Hybrid Energy System and its Fault Analysis

International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) ◽

10.11591/ijpeds.v9.i2.pp775-783 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 775

Author(s):

Sujit Kumar Bhuyan ◽

Prakash Kumar Hota ◽

Bhagabata Panda

Keyword(s):

Fuel Cell ◽

Energy System ◽

Fault Analysis ◽

Hybrid Energy System ◽

Hybrid Energy ◽

System A ◽

Supervisory Controller ◽

Load Demand ◽

Proposed Model ◽

Cell Controller

This paper represents a hybrid energy system (HES) consisting of photovoltaic (PV), Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC), electrolyzer system and a storage tank. In this proposed system a fuel cell controller is used where a PID controller is utilized to control the flow of hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>) through the valve to the SOFC to fulfill the load requirement. In this model a supervisory controller is used to regulate the whole system according to load requirement. So, when PV power is more than load requirement, then PV power fulfill the required load demand as well as the extra power of PV is utilized to generate the hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>) by the help of electrolyzer, further this hydrogen is used as a fuel of SOFC. Also in this proposed model different types of faults are considered and verified their effect on the load as well as in distribution network. The computer simulations are done for the purpose technology and verified its effectiveness. Hence the appropriate results are obtained.

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Cost Optimization of a Stand-Alone Hybrid Energy System with Fuel Cell and PV

Energies ◽

10.3390/en13051295 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 1295 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Shakti Singh ◽

Prachi Chauhan ◽

Mohd Asim Aftab ◽

Ikbal Ali ◽

S. M. Suhail Hussain ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fuel Cell ◽

Hybrid System ◽

Cost Optimization ◽

Clean Energy ◽

Energy System ◽

Small Community ◽

Solar Pv ◽

Iec 61850 ◽

Hybrid Energy System ◽

Hybrid Energy

Renewable energy has become very popular in recent years. The amount of renewable generation has increased in both grid-connected and stand-alone systems. This is because it can provide clean energy in a cost-effective and environmentally friendly fashion. Among all varieties, photovoltaic (PV) is the ultimate rising star. Integration of other technologies with solar is enhancing the efficiency and reliability of the system. In this paper a fuel cell–solar photovoltaic (FC-PV)-based hybrid energy system has been proposed to meet the electrical load demand of a small community center in India. The system is developed with PV panels, fuel cell, an electrolyzer and hydrogen storage tank. Detailed mathematical modeling of this system as well as its operation algorithm have been presented. Furthermore, cost optimization has been performed to determine ratings of PV and Hydrogen system components. The objective is to minimize the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of this standalone system. This optimization is performed in HOMER software as well as another tool using an artificial bee colony (ABC). The results obtained by both methods have been compared in terms of cost effectiveness. It is evident from the results that for a 68 MWh/yr of electricity demand is met by the 129 kW Solar PV, 15 kW Fuel cell along with a 34 kW electrolyzer and a 20 kg hydrogen tank with a LPSP of 0.053%. The LCOE is found to be in 0.228 $/kWh. Results also show that use of more sophisticated algorithms such as ABC yields more optimized solutions than package programs, such as HOMER. Finally, operational details for FC-PV hybrid system using IEC 61850 inter-operable communication is presented. IEC 61850 information models for FC, electrolyzer, hydrogen tank were developed and relevent IEC 61850 message exchanges for energy management in FC-PV hybrid system are demonstrated.

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Accessibility and Sustainability of Hybrid Energy Systems for a Cement Factory in Oman

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13010093 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 93

Author(s):

Wesam H. Beitelmal ◽

Paul C. Okonkwo ◽

Fadhil Al Housni ◽

Wael Alruqi ◽

Omar Alruwaythi

Keyword(s):

Functional Limitations ◽

Energy Systems ◽

Energy System ◽

Electricity Production ◽

Diesel Generator ◽

Hybrid Energy ◽

Electric System ◽

Cement Factory ◽

Hybrid Energy Systems ◽

Cost Of Energy

Diesel generators are being used as a source of electricity in different parts of the world. Because of the significant expense in diesels cost and the requirement for a greener domain, such electric generating systems appear not to be efficient and environmentally friendly and should be tended to. This paper explores the attainability of utilizing a sustainable power source based on a cross-breed electric system in the cement factory in Salalah, Oman. The HOMER software that breaks down the system setup was utilized to examine the application and functional limitations of each hybridized plan. The result showed that a renewable-energy (RE)-based system has a lower cost of energy (COE) and net present cost (NPC) compared to diesel generator-based hybrid electric and standalone systems. Although the two pure renewable hybrid energy systems considered in this study displayed evidence of no emissions, lower NPC and COE values are observed in the photovoltaic/battery (PV/B) hybrid energy system compared with photovoltaic/wind turbine/battery (PV/WT/B). The PV/WT/B and PV/B systems have higher electricity production and low NPC and COE values. Moreover, the PV/B has the highest return on investment (ROI) and internal rate of return (IRR), making the system the most economically viable and adjudged to be a better candidate for rural community electrification demands.

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