scholarly journals Types of Behavior of Flood Victims around Floodwaters. Correlation with Situational and Demographic Factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 4409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michalis Diakakis
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Strong Indication ◽  
Systematic Classification ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Risk Taking Behaviors

Recently, human behavior around floodwaters has been acknowledged as one of the factors that influence the risk of fatal incidents. The present study analyzes the behavior of flood victims by developing a systematic classification of their actions at the time of the flood. Based on this taxonomy, the study examines a flood fatality database for Greece (1960–2019) to quantify the different types of behavior and to examine potential correlations with various demographical and situational factors. Results show that three-quarters of the victims exhibit a risk-taking behavior by deliberately coming in contact with floodwaters. Statistically significant associations were found between behavior and the demographics of the victims, the type surrounding environment, and the use of vehicles, indicating that certain situations and certain individuals are more prone to risk-taking behaviors than others. A statistical model shows that the behavior of a flood victim can be predicted with high accuracy by knowing certain variables of a fatal incident. The prevalence of risk-taking actions identified is a strong indication that human behavior is a crucial factor in flood mortality. The present study shows that a systematic classification of behaviors can help future interventions by highlighting the most common mechanisms of fatal incidents.

scholarly journals Prevention of Unintended Appearance in Photos Based on Human Behavior Analysis

Information ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 468
Author(s):  
Yuhi Kaihoko ◽  
Phan Xuan Tan ◽  
Eiji Kamioka
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Dynamic Programming ◽  
Behavior Analysis ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Social Problem ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Human Behavior Analysis

Nowadays, with smartphones, people can easily take photos, post photos to any social networks, and use the photos for various purposes. This leads to a social problem that unintended appearance in photos may threaten the facial privacy of photographed people. Some solutions to protect facial privacy in photos have already been proposed. However, most of them rely on different techniques to de-identify photos which can be done only by photographers, giving no choice to photographed person. To deal with that, we propose an approach that allows a photographed person to proactively detect whether someone is intentionally/unintentionally trying to take pictures of him. Thereby, he can have appropriate reaction to protect the facial privacy. In this approach, we assume that the photographed person uses a wearable camera to record the surrounding environment in real-time. The skeleton information of likely photographers who are captured in the monitoring video is then extracted and put into the calculation of dynamic programming score which is eventually compared with a threshold for recognition of photo-taking behavior. Experimental results demonstrate that by using the proposed approach, the photo-taking behavior is precisely recognized with high accuracy of 92.5%.

Exploring Different Types of Superstitious Beliefs in Risk-Taking Behaviors

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sydney Chinchanachokchai ◽  
Theeranuch Pusaksrikit ◽  
Siwarit Pongsakornrungsilp
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Financial Risk ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Risk Taking Behaviors ◽  
Superstitious Beliefs

Superstitions are common phenomena in human society, especially in Asian cultures. Superstitious beliefs can have a negative impact on the social well-being of people in society because they are highly associated with financial risk-taking and gambling behaviors. This study looks at the effects of different types of superstitious belief (proactive vs. passive) on consumers’ risk-taking behaviors. Categorized based on the characteristics associated with an illusion of control in a situation, proactive and passive superstitious beliefs were found to show differences in risk-taking behaviors. The results demonstrate that passive superstitious beliefs increase the likelihood of engaging in risky behaviors when a superstitious object is introduced. The research suggests social marketing and public policy implications.

scholarly journals CLASSIFICATION OF MULTIVARIATE SAMPLES USING PETUNIN ELLIPSES

2020 ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
D. A. Klyushin ◽  
Ya. V. Shtyk
Keyword(s):  
High Accuracy ◽  
Small Variance ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Quadratic Criteria

The method of classification multivariate samples using Petunin ellipses is investigated in the paper. Several different types of samples were generated for testing. Based on the calculated accuracy of the criteria advantages and disadvantages of each of the linear and quadratic criteria and the specifics of the method as a whole were discovered. It has been found that both linear and quadratic criteria give high accuracy for samples with small variance. As the variance increases, the accuracy of the linear criterion remains high, the accuracy of the quadratic criterion decreases. Both criteria are resistant to sample noise.

Dual stain kit for the microscopic gram classification of ocular infection bacteria

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 248-249
Author(s):  
Jacob S. Hanker ◽  
Dale N. Holdren ◽  
Kenneth L. Cohen ◽  
Beverly L. Giammara
Keyword(s):  
Contact Lenses ◽  
Ocular Infection ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Ocular Infections ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Culture Positive ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

Keratitis and conjunctivitis (infections of the cornea or conjunctiva) are ocular infections caused by various bacteria, fungi, viruses or parasites; bacteria, however, are usually prominent. Systemic conditions such as alcoholism, diabetes, debilitating disease, AIDS and immunosuppressive therapy can lead to increased susceptibility but trauma and contact lens use are very important factors. Gram-negative bacteria are most frequently cultured in these situations and Pseudomonas aeruginosa is most usually isolated from culture-positive ulcers of patients using contact lenses. Smears for staining can be obtained with a special swab or spatula and Gram staining frequently guides choice of a therapeutic rinse prior to the report of the culture results upon which specific antibiotic therapy is based. In some cases staining of the direct smear may be diagnostic in situations where the culture will not grow. In these cases different types of stains occasionally assist in guiding therapy.

Risk-Taking Behaviors in Adolescents

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin M. von Ranson ◽  
Susan L. Rosenthal
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Risk Taking Behaviors

Explanatory Power for Medical Expert Systems: Studies in the Representation of Causal Relationships for Clinical Consultations

1982 ◽  
Vol 21 (03) ◽  
pp. 127-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Wallis ◽  
E. H. Shortliffe
Keyword(s):  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
Inference Rules ◽  
Medical Expert ◽  
Comprehensive Knowledge ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Medical Expert Systems ◽  
Explanation System ◽  
Systems Studies

This paper reports on experiments designed to identify and implement mechanisms for enhancing the explanation capabilities of reasoning programs for medical consultation. The goals of an explanation system are discussed, as is the additional knowledge needed to meet these goals in a medical domain. We have focussed on the generation of explanations that are appropriate for different types of system users. This task requires a knowledge of what is complex and what is important; it is further strengthened by a classification of the associations or causal mechanisms inherent in the inference rules. A causal representation can also be used to aid in refining a comprehensive knowledge base so that the reasoning and explanations are more adequate. We describe a prototype system which reasons from causal inference rules and generates explanations that are appropriate for the user.

To Understand the Informal (on the Book BY V. L. Tambovtsev “Economics of Informal Institutions”)

2015 ◽  
pp. 151-158
Author(s):  
A. Zaostrovtsev
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Informal Institutions ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
History Of ◽  
Original Classification

The review considers the first attempt in the history of Russian economic thought to give a detailed analysis of informal institutions (IF). It recognizes that in general it was successful: the reader gets acquainted with the original classification of institutions (including informal ones) and their genesis. According to the reviewer the best achievement of the author is his interdisciplinary approach to the study of problems and, moreover, his bias on the achievements of social psychology because the model of human behavior in the economic mainstream is rather primitive. The book makes evident that namely this model limits the ability of economists to analyze IF. The reviewer also shares the author’s position that in the analysis of the IF genesis the economists should highlight the uncertainty and reject economic determinism. Further discussion of IF is hardly possible without referring to this book.

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