Dual stain kit for the microscopic gram classification of ocular infection bacteria

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 248-249
Author(s):  
Jacob S. Hanker ◽  
Dale N. Holdren ◽  
Kenneth L. Cohen ◽  
Beverly L. Giammara
Keyword(s):  
Contact Lenses ◽  
Ocular Infection ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Ocular Infections ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Culture Positive ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

Keratitis and conjunctivitis (infections of the cornea or conjunctiva) are ocular infections caused by various bacteria, fungi, viruses or parasites; bacteria, however, are usually prominent. Systemic conditions such as alcoholism, diabetes, debilitating disease, AIDS and immunosuppressive therapy can lead to increased susceptibility but trauma and contact lens use are very important factors. Gram-negative bacteria are most frequently cultured in these situations and Pseudomonas aeruginosa is most usually isolated from culture-positive ulcers of patients using contact lenses. Smears for staining can be obtained with a special swab or spatula and Gram staining frequently guides choice of a therapeutic rinse prior to the report of the culture results upon which specific antibiotic therapy is based. In some cases staining of the direct smear may be diagnostic in situations where the culture will not grow. In these cases different types of stains occasionally assist in guiding therapy.

scholarly journals ISOLASI DAN PENENTUAN INDEKSHIDROLISIS BAKTERI AMILOLITIK DARI TANAH SEDIMENT MANGROVE DI WONOREJO, SURABAYA

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Aliyah Siti Sundari ◽  
Ni Nyoman Purwani ◽  
Anita Kurniati
Keyword(s):  
Soil Bacteria ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Mangrove Sediment ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Lugol’S Iodine ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Special Soil

Mangrove sediment is a habitat for various bacteria, one of them is amylolytic bacteria which has the potential to produce amylase enzyme. Amylase enzyme has many benefits in industry, textiles and medical. The mangrove ecosystem area has special soil characteristics, which have the opportunity to have microorganism diversity, one of which is the mangrove ecosystem in the Wonorejo region, Surabaya. This study aims to obtain potential amylolytic bacteria from potential amylolytic isolates derived from mangrove sediment. Soil bacteria were isolated in Starch media for 2% agar and tested with Lugol’s Iodine reagents to measure their amylolytic index. Character isolates observed included colony morphology, Gram staining, and motility. Of the 27 isolates found there were 3 isolates with the highest index values in their activity, namely isolates A.7, A.27 and A.64. Characterization results showed that isolates A.7 and A.64 were Gram negative bacteria, and isolates A.27 were Gram positive bacteria. And the motility results for the three isolates were negative, with the results of a positive catalase test.

scholarly journals Chaperone–usher pathways: diversity and pilus assembly mechanism

2012 ◽  
Vol 367 (1592) ◽  
pp. 1112-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Busch ◽  
Gabriel Waksman
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Surface Structures ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Secretion Systems ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Assembly Mechanism ◽  
Adhesive Surface ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Pilus Assembly

Up to eight different types of secretion systems, and several more subtypes, have been described in Gram-negative bacteria. Here, we focus on the diversity and assembly mechanism of one of the best-studied secretion systems, the widespread chaperone–usher pathway known to assemble and secrete adhesive surface structures, called pili or fimbriae, which play essential roles in targeting bacterial pathogens to the host.

scholarly journals Comparison of the microbicidal and muramidase activities of mouse lysozyme M and P

2004 ◽  
Vol 380 (2) ◽  
pp. 385-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp MARKART ◽  
Nicole FAUST ◽  
Thomas GRAF ◽  
Cheng-Lun NA ◽  
Timothy E. WEAVER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Proteins ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Airway Infections ◽  
Muramidase Activity ◽  
Mouse Lysozyme ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

Lysozyme is one of the most abundant antimicrobial proteins in the airspaces of the lung. Mice express two lysozyme genes, lysozyme M and P, but only the M enzyme is detected in abundance in lung tissues. Disruption of the lysozyme M locus significantly increased bacterial burden and mortality following intratracheal infection with a Gram-negative bacterium. Unexpectedly, significant lysozyme enzyme activity (muramidase activity) was detected in the airspaces of uninfected lysozyme M−/− mice, amounting to 25% of the activity in wild-type mice. Muramidase activity in lysozyme M−/− mice was associated with increased lysozyme P mRNA and protein in lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid respectively. The muramidase activity of recombinant lysozyme P was less than that of recombinant M lysozyme. Recombinant P lysozyme was also less effective in killing selected Gram-negative bacteria, requiring higher concentrations than lysozyme M to achieve the same level of killing. The lower antimicrobial activity of P lysozyme, coupled with incomplete compensation by P lysozyme in lysozyme M−/− mice, probably accounts for the increased susceptibility of null mice to infection. Recombinant lysozyme M and P were equally effective in killing selected Gram-positive organisms. This outcome suggests that disruption of both M and P loci would significantly increase susceptibility to airway infections, particularly those associated with colonization by Gram-positive organisms.

scholarly journals Potentiation of photoinactivation of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria mediated by six phenothiazinium dyes by addition of azide ion

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1541-1548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamola R. Kasimova ◽  
Magesh Sadasivam ◽  
Giacomo Landi ◽  
Tadeusz Sarna ◽  
Michael R. Hamblin
Keyword(s):  
Singlet Oxygen ◽  
Hydroxyl Radicals ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Photodynamic Inactivation ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Azide Ion

Antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (APDI) using six different phenothiazinium dyes is mediated by singlet oxygen (quenched by azide) and hydroxyl radicals (potentiated by azide) depending on Gram-classification of the bacteria and whether the dye is washed from the cells.

scholarly journals Activity of newer fluoroquinolones against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria isolated from ocular infections: Anin vitrocomparison

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Savitri Sharma ◽  
Rishita Nutheti ◽  
Prashant Garg ◽  
Taraprasad Das ◽  
Aparna Duggirala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Ocular Infections

scholarly journals Applicability of Escherichia Coli As an Indicator for Assessing Quality of Disinfectants and Antiseptic During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Ali Fallahzadeh ◽  
Fariborz Omidi ◽  
Davoud Ghadirian ◽  
Azimeh Fallahzadeh ◽  
Mohammad Reza Nafisi
Keyword(s):  
Test Tube ◽  
Laboratory Method ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Required Quality

Introduction: The application of disinfectant agents is a common way to fight against micro-organisms. Although there are different types of disinfectant agents to fight COVID-19, many of them do not have the required quality and efficiency. The present work was aimed to evaluate the quality of the available disinfectant agents using gram-negative E. coli bacteria. Materials and Methods: In the laboratory phase of the research, the gram-negative E. coli bacteria were used to evaluate the quality of disinfectants. According to the proposed laboratory method, microbial kit was prepared and used to evaluate the performance of disinfectants. Results: Based on the obtained results, 1.0 mL of microbial suspension in the test tube, as microbial kit, is used for quality assessment of the disinfectants. Also, based on the results and considering the optimum conditions, in case of growth of microorganisms, the quality of disinfectant is evaluated as unfavorable, and in the absence of growth of microorganisms, the quality of disinfectant is considered appropriate in terms of its effect on gram-negative bacteria and weaker microorganisms. Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, E. coli can be used as a reliable indicator for assessing the quality of the disinfectant agents used against COVID 19.

scholarly journals Clots retrieved by mechanical thrombectomy from acute ischemic stroke patients show no evidence of bacteria

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 502-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zenith Khashim ◽  
Seán Fitzgerald ◽  
Ramanathan Kadirvel ◽  
Daying Dai ◽  
Karen M Doyle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Real Time ◽  
16S Rdna ◽  
Mechanical Thrombectomy ◽  
Blood Clot ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Staining

Background Bacteria and bacterial components have been associated with the activation of coagulation factors and initiating the blood clot formation. The aim of this study was to investigate whether bacterial populations are present in clots retrieved from patients that have suffered a large vessel occlusion acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Materials and methods Clot samples were collected from 20 AIS patients who underwent clot retrieval with mechanical thrombectomy. Patient clinical demographic details were noted. Expression of bacterial 16S rDNA was analyzed by standard and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Gram staining was performed to identify Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Results Both the real-time and standard PCR demonstrated no expression of 16S rDNA in any of the 20 clots samples from AIS patients. Gram staining results showed no expression of Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria present in the clot samples. Conclusion Our current study found no bacteria populations in the clots of AIS patients.

scholarly journals Infections with Carbapenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria are a Serious Problem Among Critically Ill Children: A Single-Centre Retrospective Study

Pathogens ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatih Aygun ◽  
Fatma Deniz Aygun ◽  
Fatih Varol ◽  
Cansu Durak ◽  
Haluk Çokuğraş ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Invasive Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Critically Ill Children ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Culture Positive

Children in paediatric intensive care units (PICUs) are vulnerable to infections because invasive devices are frequently used during their admission. We aimed to determine the prevalence, associated factors, and prognosis of infections in our PICU. This retrospective study evaluated culture results from 477 paediatric patients who were treated in the PICU between January 2014 and March 2019. Ninety patients (18.9%) had bacterial infections, with gram-negative bacteria being the predominant infectious agents. Culture-positive patients were younger than culture-negative patients, and age was related to mortality and various clinical factors. Culture-positive bacterial infections in the PICU were associated with increased use of invasive mechanical ventilation (odds ratio(OR); 2.254), red blood cell (RBC) transfusions (OR:2.624), and inotropic drugs (OR:2.262). Carbapenem resistance was found in approximately one-third of gram-negative bacteria, and was most common in tracheal aspirate specimens and cases involving Klebsiella spp. Total parenteral nutrition was a significant risk factor (OR:5.870). Positive blood culture results were associated with poorer patient survival than other culture results. These findings indicate that infections, especially those involving carbapenem-resistant bacteria, are an important issue when treating critically ill children.

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