scholarly journals Potential Impact of Meat Replacers on Nutrient Quality and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Diets in Four European Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 6838
Author(s):  
Elly Mertens ◽  
Sander Biesbroek ◽  
Marcela Dofková ◽  
Lorenza Mistura ◽  
Laura D’Addezio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Nutrient Quality ◽  
Dietary Preferences ◽  
Current Consumption ◽  
Using Data

Meat replacers could play a role in achieving more plant-based diets, but their current consumption is limited. The present modelling study aimed to explore the nutritional and greenhouse gas emissions impacts of meat replacers. Using dietary surveys from Denmark, Czech Republic, Italy and France (~6500 adults), we composed alternative diets in which all the meat in the observed diet (in grams) was substituted by similar use meat replacers (with and without fortification). Starting from the observed diets and meat-replacement diets, diets with improved adherence to food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) were modelled using Data Envelopment Analysis. These improved diets were then further optimised for dietary preferences (MaxP, diet similarity index), nutrient quality (MaxH, Nutrient Rich Diet score, NRD15.3) or diet-related greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) (MaxS, CO2 equivalents). In all optimised modelled diets, the total amount of meat was lower than in the observed diets, i.e., 30% lower in the MaxP, 50% lower in the MaxH, and 75% lower in the MaxS diets. In the MaxP diet, NRD15.3 was ~6% higher, GHGE was ~9% lower, and ~83% of food intake remained similar. In the MaxH diet, NRD15.3 was ~17% higher, GHGE was ~15% lower, and ~66% of food intake remained similar. In the MaxS diet, NRD15.3 was ~9% higher, GHGE was ~33% lower, and ~65% of food intake remained similar. When using fortified meat replacers, for all modelled diets, the diet similarity was on average 2% lower and the GHGE reduction was on average 3% higher as compared with the same scenarios without fortification. This analysis showed that meat replacers, provided their preference is similar to meat, can provide benefits for GHGE, without necessarily compromising nutrient quality.

scholarly journals Potential Impact of Meat Replacers on Health and Environmental Sustainability in European Diets

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 142-142
Author(s):  
Elly Mertens ◽  
Sander Biesbroek ◽  
Marcela Dofkova ◽  
Lorenza Mistura ◽  
Laura D'Addezio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Nutrient Quality ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Dietary Preferences ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Project Agreement

Abstract Objectives Replacing meat by meat replacers could be an important strategy for achieving a more plant-based diet, however their current consumption is rather limited. The present modelling study therefore aimed to elucidate the role of meat replaces in healthier and more environmentally sustainable diets. Methods Using the observed diets from Denmark, Czech Republic, Italy and France (∼6500 adults), we created for each individual a replacement diets by replacing all the meat of the observed diet (in grams) by meat replacers. Starting from the observed diets and meat-replacement diets, diets with improved adherence to food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) were modeled using Data Envelopment analysis. These improved diets were then optimized for dietary preferences (Max P, diet similarity index), nutrient quality (Max H, Nutrient Rich Diet (NRD15.3)) or environmental sustainability (Max S, diet-related greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE)). Results In all modeled diets, for both men and women, the amount of meat was lower than in the observed diets, in particular around 30% lower in the Max P, 50% lower in the Max H, and 75% lower in the Max S diets. Moreover, when using fortified meat replacers, the amount of meat in the scenarios of Max P, Max H and Max S was lower than in the same scenarios without fortification. In the Max P diet, NRD15.3 was ∼6% higher, GHGE was ∼9% lower, and ∼83% of food intake remained similar. In the Max H diet, NRD15.3 was ∼17% higher, GHGE was ∼15% lower, and ∼66% of food intake remained similar. In the Max S diet, NRD15.3 was ∼9% higher, GHGE was ∼33% lower, and ∼65% of food intake remained similar. Conclusions Guided by FBDGs to improve diets, adopting meat replacers holds potential to achieve additional benefits on the environment, without necessarily compromising nutrient quality. Funding Sources This work was supported by TiFN under Project Agreement number 15SD01 (SHARP-BASIC).

scholarly journals Improving health and carbon footprints of European diets using a benchmarking approach

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Elly Mertens ◽  
Anneleen Kuijsten ◽  
Argyris Kanellopoulos ◽  
Marcela Dofková ◽  
Lorenza Mistura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Dietary Practices ◽  
Nutrient Quality ◽  
Dietary Preferences

Abstract Objective: This study aimed to identify diets with improved nutrient quality and environmental impact within the boundaries of dietary practices. Design: We used Data Envelopment Analysis to benchmark diets for improved adherence to food-based dietary guidelines (FBDG). We then optimised these diets for dietary preferences, nutrient quality and environmental impact. Diets were evaluated using the Nutrient Rich Diet score (NRD15.3), diet-related greenhouse gas emission (GHGE) and a diet similarity index that quantified the proportion of food intake that remained similar as compared with the observed diet. Setting: National dietary surveys of four European countries (Denmark, Czech Republic, Italy and France). Subjects: Approximately 6500 adults, aged 18–64 years. Results: When dietary preferences were prioritised, NRD15·3 was ~6 % higher, GHGE was ~4 % lower and ~85 % of food intake remained similar. This diet had higher amounts of fruit, vegetables and whole grains than the observed diet. When nutrient quality was prioritised, NRD15·3 was ~16 % higher, GHGE was ~3 % lower and ~72 % of food intake remained similar. This diet had higher amounts of legumes and fish and lower amounts of sweetened and alcoholic beverages. Finally, when environmental impact was prioritised, NRD15·3 was ~9 % higher, GHGE was ~21 % lower and ~73 % of food intake remained similar. In this diet, red and processed meat partly shifted to either eggs, poultry, fish or dairy. Conclusions: Benchmark modelling can generate diets with improved adherence to FBDG within the boundaries of dietary practices, but fully maximising health and minimising GHGE cannot be achieved simultaneously.

scholarly journals The healthiness and sustainability of national and global food based dietary guidelines: modelling study

BMJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. m2322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Springmann ◽  
Luke Spajic ◽  
Michael A Clark ◽  
Joseph Poore ◽  
Anna Herforth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
National Level ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Paris Climate Agreement ◽  
The Uk

AbstractObjectiveTo analyse the health and environmental implications of adopting national food based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) at a national level and compared with global health and environmental targets.DesignModelling study.Setting85 countries.ParticipantsPopulation of 85 countries.Main outcome measuresA graded coding method was developed and used to extract quantitative recommendations from 85 FBDGs. The health and environmental impacts of these guidelines were assessed by using a comparative risk assessment of deaths from chronic diseases and a set of country specific environmental footprints for greenhouse gas emissions, freshwater use, cropland use, and fertiliser application. For comparison, the impacts of adopting the global dietary recommendations of the World Health Organization and the EAT-Lancet Commission on Healthy Diets from Sustainable Food Systems were also analysed. Each guideline’s health and sustainability implications were assessed by modelling its adoption at both the national level and globally, and comparing the impacts to global health and environmental targets, including the Action Agenda on Non-Communicable Diseases, the Paris Climate Agreement, the Aichi biodiversity targets related to land use, and the sustainable development goals and planetary boundaries related to freshwater use and fertiliser application.ResultsAdoption of national FBDGs was associated with reductions in premature mortality of 15% on average (95% uncertainty interval 13% to 16%) and mixed changes in environmental resource demand, including a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions of 13% on average (regional range −34% to 35%). When universally adopted globally, most of the national guidelines (83, 98%) were not compatible with at least one of the global health and environmental targets. About a third of the FBDGs (29, 34%) were incompatible with the agenda on non-communicable diseases, and most (57 to 74, 67% to 87%) were incompatible with the Paris Climate Agreement and other environmental targets. In comparison, adoption of the WHO recommendations was associated with similar health and environmental changes, whereas adoption of the EAT-Lancet recommendations was associated with 34% greater reductions in premature mortality, more than three times greater reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, and general attainment of the global health and environmental targets. As an example, the FBDGs of the UK, US, and China were incompatible with the climate change, land use, freshwater, and nitrogen targets, and adopting guidelines in line with the EAT-Lancet recommendation could increase the number of avoided deaths from 78 000 (74 000 to 81 000) to 104 000 (96 000 to 112 000) in the UK, from 480 000 (445 000 to 516 000) to 585 000 (523 000 to 646 000) in the USA, and from 1 149 000 (1 095 000 to 1 204 000) to 1 802 000 (1 664 000 to 1 941 000) in China.ConclusionsThis analysis suggests that national guidelines could be both healthier and more sustainable. Providing clearer advice on limiting in most contexts the consumption of animal source foods, in particular beef and dairy, was found to have the greatest potential for increasing the environmental sustainability of dietary guidelines, whereas increasing the intake of whole grains, fruits and vegetables, nuts and seeds, and legumes, reducing the intake of red and processed meat, and highlighting the importance of attaining balanced energy intake and weight levels were associated with most of the additional health benefits. The health results were based on observational data and assuming a causal relation between dietary risk factors and health outcomes. The certainty of evidence for these relations is mostly graded as moderate in existing meta-analyses.

scholarly journals Overconsumption of Energy and Excessive Discretionary Food Intake Inflates Dietary Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Australia

Nutrients ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilly Hendrie ◽  
Danielle Baird ◽  
Brad Ridoutt ◽  
Michalis Hadjikakou ◽  
Manny Noakes
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Gas Emissions

scholarly journals The Spanish Dietary Guidelines: A potential tool to reduce greenhouse gas emissions of current dietary patterns

2019 ◽  
Vol 213 ◽  
pp. 588-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Batlle-Bayer ◽  
Alba Bala ◽  
Isabel García-Herrero ◽  
Elodie Lemaire ◽  
Guobao Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Potential Tool

scholarly journals Adherence to dietary recommendations for Swedish adults across categories of greenhouse gas emissions from food

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 3381-3393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla Sjörs ◽  
Fredrik Hedenus ◽  
Arvid Sjölander ◽  
Annika Tillander ◽  
Katarina Bälter
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Dietary Survey ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Food Records ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
Using Data

AbstractObjectiveTo explore associations between diet-related greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE), nutrient intakes and adherence to the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations among Swedish adults.DesignDiet was assessed by 4d food records in the Swedish National Dietary Survey. GHGE was estimated by linking all foods to carbon dioxide equivalents, using data from life cycle assessment studies. Participants were categorized into quartiles of energy-adjusted GHGE and differences between GHGE groups regarding nutrient intakes and adherence to nutrient recommendations were explored.SettingSweden.SubjectsWomen (n 840) and men (n 627) aged 18–80 years.ResultsDifferences in nutrient intakes and adherence to nutrient recommendations between GHGE groups were generally small. The dietary intake of participants with the lowest emissions was more in line with recommendations regarding protein, carbohydrates, dietary fibre and vitamin D, but further from recommendations regarding added sugar, compared with the highest GHGE group. The overall adherence to recommendations was found to be better among participants with lower emissions compared with higher emissions. Among women, 27 % in the lowest GHGE group adhered to at least twenty-three recommendations compared with only 12 % in the highest emission group. For men, the corresponding figures were 17 and 10 %, respectively.ConclusionsThe study compared nutrient intakes as well as adherence to dietary recommendations for diets with different levels of GHGE from a national dietary survey. We found that participants with low-emission diets, despite higher intake of added sugar, adhered to a larger number of dietary recommendations than those with high emissions.

scholarly journals Optimization of energy consumption and analysis of the emission of greenhouse gases in the production of rice (Case study: Mazandaran province of Iran)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adel Vahedi ◽  
Zahra Yousefi ◽  
Ahmad Sharifi Malvajerdi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Mazandaran Province ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Energy Inputs ◽  
Total Energies ◽  
Using Data

Abstract The present study has been conducted to investigate the energy consumption pattern, the economic analysis of production and assessing the greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) resulting from the production of rice in the Mazandaran province. The input and output energies were calculated and energy indices were determined. The efficiency of the rice farms and the optimization of energy consumption were estimated by using data envelopment analysis (DEA) method and the amount of greenhouse gas emissions was determined after improving the consumption of inputs. Results showed, the total energies of consumed inputs and outputs for the production of paddy were calculated to be 91061.5 and 100967.95 MJ ha-1, respectively. The energy input of diesel fuel, machinery and chemical fertilizers were determined to be 41.27%, 19.63% and 19.58% of the total energy inputs, representing the most highly consumed energy inputs in the production of paddy.

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