scholarly journals Regulatory Compliance of Community-Based Conservation Organizations: Empirical Evidence from Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9420
Author(s):  
Nabin Baral ◽  
Joel T. Heinen
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Regulatory Compliance ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Community Based Conservation ◽  
Annapurna Conservation Area ◽  
Conservation Organizations ◽  
Legally Binding Regulations

Community-based conservation in the developing world generally puts more emphasis on voluntary commitments and compliance rather than enforcement of formal laws and regulations for the governance of protected areas. However, as with other forms of organizational management, once institutions are established, they are required to comply with all relevant, legally binding regulations. Furthermore, it is broadly assumed that compliance with established regulations is critical for good governance. In this paper, we review these matters through an empirical study of Conservation Area Management Committees’ degree of compliance with regulations under Nepalese law, within the Annapurna Conservation Area—one of the best-known community-based protected areas worldwide—based on quantitative content analysis of the committees’ meeting minutes from 2008 to 2012. According to the established rules, two to four women and one to five minorities serve as committee members in each instance. On average, fewer members than expected attended meetings, and the number of decisions made per meeting showed a curvilinear relationship with the number of members present as well as their demographic diversity. Of the 13 committees selected for study, only two met the legal mandate of holding six regular meetings annually within two-month intervals. In all the other cases, non-compliance was noted for one to all five years of the committees’ terms. In general, compliance declined over the five-year terms, and some committees were significantly less-compliant than others. Although enforceable decisions were made within both compliant and non-compliant committees, several problems of non-compliance were identified that may affect conservation outcomes. We suggest several possible reasons for non-compliance and argue that these may be symptoms of institutional weaknesses. Organizations that fail to meet their commitments risk liability and may also lose the formal legal authority to govern. Regular monitoring is recommended to address compliance issues.

scholarly journals Costs of elephant crop depredation exceed the benefits of trophy hunting in a community‐based conservation area of Namibia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Drake ◽  
Jonathan Salerno ◽  
Ryan E. Langendorf ◽  
Lin Cassidy ◽  
Andrea E. Gaughan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Based ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Trophy Hunting ◽  
Community Based Conservation

Effectiveness of community involvement in delivering conservation benefits to the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
SIDDHARTHA B. BAJRACHARYA ◽  
PETER A. FURLEY ◽  
ADRIAN C. NEWTON
Keyword(s):  
Community Involvement ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Social Surveys ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Annapurna Conservation Area ◽  
Pellet Counts ◽  
Himalayan Tahr

Community-based approaches to decision-making in the management of protected areas are increasingly being implemented in many areas. However information on the outcome of these approaches for conservation is often lacking. In this study, the effectiveness of community-based approaches for conservation of biodiversity was examined in Annapurna Conservation Area (ACA) (Nepal) through a combination of ecological assessments and social surveys undertaken both within and outwith ACA. Forest basal area and tree species diversity were found to be significantly higher inside ACA than in neighbouring areas outside. The mean density of cut tree stumps was significantly lower inside ACA, associated with a decline in use of fuelwood as an energy source over the past decade. Social surveys also indicated that wild animal populations have increased inside ACA since the inception of community-based conservation. Observations of animal track counts, pellet counts and direct observations of selected species such as barking deer (Muntiacus muntjak) and Himalayan tahr (Hemitragus jemlahicus) indicated higher abundances within ACA. The community-based management has been successful in delivering conservation benefits in ACA, attributable to changing patterns of resource use and behaviour among local communities, increased control of local communities over their local resources, increased conservation awareness among local people resulting from environmental education, and the development and strengthening of local institutions such as Conservation Area Management Committees (CAMC). However, these positive achievements are threatened by the current political instability in Nepal.

Threat reduction assessment of conventional and community-based conservation approaches to managing protected areas in Uganda

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
ARTHUR R. MUGISHA ◽  
SUSAN K. JACOBSON
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Community Based Conservation ◽  
Management Approaches

Loss of wildlife, encroachment on wild lands and conflicts between protected areas and neighbouring communities continue to threaten the integrity of protected areas (PAs) in Uganda. To increase support from local communities and ensure long-term sustainability for Uganda's PAs, a policy of community-based conservation was introduced in 1988 as a management approach in seven PAs. The effectiveness of the community-based approach for reducing threats was compared to conventional PA management by conducting a threat reduction assessment at 16 PAs, seven with community-based approaches and nine without. Additional data collected using document reviews, interviews with government officials, and surveys of PA wardens were compared with the threat reduction assessments. Twenty-three primary threats were identified at PAs. Local game poaching was the most common threat. The threat reduction assessment indices of community-based PAs (mean=49.0±12) were not significantly different from those of conventional PAs (mean=37.96±21.6). Some specific threats, such as bush burning, logging, encroachment and unclear boundaries, seemed to be better mitigated at community-based PAs. Management approaches at all PAs mitigated fewer than half of the identified threats. Management approaches are needed that directly target PA threats, go beyond PA boundaries by involving additional government departments, link people's livelihoods to conservation efforts and strengthen PA institutions.

scholarly journals A mix of community-based conservation and protected forests is needed for the survival of the Endangered pygmy hippopotamus Choeropsis liberiensis

Oryx ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-239
Author(s):  
Annika Hillers ◽  
Graeme M. Buchanan ◽  
Jerry C. Garteh ◽  
Solomon M. Tommy ◽  
Mohamed L. Fofana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Habitat Associations ◽  
Border Region ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Community Based Conservation ◽  
Protected Forests

AbstractThe contribution of protected areas to biodiversity conservation is well attested but many taxa in many regions remain dependent on the unprotected wider landscape. To develop conservation plans for large mammals such as the Endangered pygmy hippopotamus Choeropsis liberiensis of West Africa's Upper Guinea Forests it is critical to understand the importance of unprotected land. Despite being a conservation priority, little is known about the habitat associations of this species, or its distribution across its range. Through a combination of field surveys, species distribution models and community questionnaires we investigated the use of unprotected areas by the pygmy hippopotamus in the Sierra Leone–Liberia border region. We found signs of the species in 128 of 525 1-km2 cells surveyed. Our analysis suggested that the species is reasonably widespread in this region and is associated with major rivers. It occurred close to, but rarely within, large areas of intact forest, and 80.4% of pygmy hippopotamus signs were recorded outside protected areas. The expansion of the protected area network in this area is unrealistic in Sierra Leone and to some extent in Liberia, mainly because of anthropogenic pressure and the overlap of proposed protected areas with mining and logging concessions. Thus pygmy hippopotamus conservation activities in the region need to include programmes on community lands while maintaining a robust network of protected forests. Community-based conservation of the pygmy hippopotamus may prove valuable for other threatened and endemic species that are not confined to protected areas in this region.

scholarly journals Preliminary Checklists of Birds for the Fura and Furagosa Wildlife Community Based Conservation Area, in Mirab-Abaya District, Gamo Zone, Southern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amare Gibru ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Collection Method ◽  
Data Collection Method ◽  
Community Based Conservation ◽  
Bird List

The field visit was conducted at Fura and Furagosa community based wildlife conservation area in February 2021. The survey aims to prepare a primary bird checklist. Transect walk data collection method was employed. The record of bird list was presented in a descriptive statics. 37 bird species were recorded during the survey time. Of the species recorded, 25 species were residents, 10 species Palearctic migrants and 2 Intra-African migrants. The survey suggests that further systematic studies of biodiversity are needed.

scholarly journals Contestation and Citizen-Led Negotiation Around the Establishment of Protected Areas in Nepal Himalaya

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naya S Paudel ◽  
Sudeep Jana ◽  
Bhola Khatiwada
Keyword(s):  
Political Ecology ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
The State ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Popular Discourse ◽  
Critical Engagement ◽  
Central Nepal ◽  
Community Based Conservation ◽  
User Groups ◽  
Community Forest User Groups

This paper examines and uncovers the politics and debate emanating from and embedded in the contestations and negotiations around the establishment of protected areas (PAs) in Nepal. We take an example of one of the newly declared PAs – Gaurishankar Conservation Area (GCA)—and traverse through the politics and debate over its establishment. This paper is based on the ethnographic encounters and accounts of everyday dynamics, popular discourse and deliberations since the government’s declaration of GCA in central Nepal. It is driven by a political ecology approach to analyse state – community contestation around nature conservation. We argue that vigorous social campaign at different levels primarily led by Federation of Community Forest User Groups Nepal (FECOFUN) has been able to bring the state and powerful conservation actors on the negotiation table by contesting the hegemony of conservation and rhetoric of community based conservation. The contours of FECOFUN’s campaign around GCA suggest how the nature of contestation and conflict has evolved from a mere resistance and protests towards critical engagement and negotiation with the state conservation actors leading to a democratic governance of GCA. We suggest that concurrent adoption of constant struggle and critical engagement can produce negotiated arrangement of PA governance. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfl.v10i1.8600 Journal of Forestry and Livelihood Vol.10(1) 2012 42-57

scholarly journals STRATEGI PENGELOLAAN KAWASAN LINDUNG MANUCOCO BERBASIS MASYARAKAT DI KOTA ADMINISTRATIF ATAURO, DILI TIMOR-LESTE

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Ernesto Matos Soares ◽  
I Made Antara ◽  
I Made Adhika
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
The Public ◽  
Catchment Areas

MANAGEMENT STRATEGY OF MANUCOCO PROTECTED AREA COMMUNITY BASED IN ADMINISTRATIVE CITY OF ATAURO, DILI TIMOR-LESTEManucoco Protected Area is a mountainous conservation area which is very important for Atauro community because it functions as water catchment areas, especially water sources, important habitat for birds and other biodiversity, but there are still problems that occur such as deforestation, shifting cultivation, system of slash-and-burn cultivation, area zoning is not clear, the expansion of settlements and forest fires, all of these problems can give a less impact on ecological functions of the forest. The aims of this study are 1) to describe the perception of the public about the conservation of natural resources Manucoco Protected Area as a conservation area 2) to formulate management strategies for community-based Manucoco Protected Area. The data collection techniques used questionnaires, interviews, documentation, and focus group discussions, whereas the determination of the respondents used a purposive sampling method. To formulate a management strategy, internal and external factors were identified by using SWOT analysis. The results showed that the public perception of the function of the forest was that the forests had multiple functions, the public perception related to management policies showed that people did not know the forestry legislations. Public perception regarding the rights and obligations in the management strategy namely the public has the perception that forests are common property. Based on the SWOT analysis produced several community-based management strategies that can be used in the management of Manucoco protected areas as follow 1) Maximizing the primary function of forests, (2) Increasing public knowledge through an intensive socialization (3) Increasing the involvement or participation of the community 4) Encouraging the community-based forests protection through HKM 5) Acceleration of area zoning 6) Increasing related department supervision 7) Performing the empowerment of communities around the protected areas 8) Preparing management plans which needs to involve all stakeholders 9) Establishing the management unit in the village/sub-district levels.

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