scholarly journals Effects of Racing Surface and Turn Radius on Fatal Limb Fractures in Thoroughbred Racehorses

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 539
Author(s):  
Michael Peterson ◽  
Wayne Sanderson ◽  
Nurlan Kussainov ◽  
Sarah Jane Hobbs ◽  
Patti Miles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Hind Limbs ◽  
Thoroughbred Racehorses ◽  
Limb Injuries ◽  
Gait Asymmetry ◽  
Turn Radius ◽  
Limb Fractures ◽  
Thoroughbred Racing

North American Thoroughbred racing is conducted on three types of surfaces—dirt, turf, and synthetic. The tracks are oval, and races are run counterclockwise. The loading on right and left limbs is expected to differ as a function of turn radius, banking, surface, and gait asymmetry. Hind limbs and forelimbs also have different functions related to propulsion and turning, respectively. This study uses the Equine Injury Database for race starts from 1 January 2009 through 31 December 2014, to compare injury rates across participating North American racetracks. The data are limited to catastrophic injuries in which horses died or were euthanized due to a fracture within 72 h of the start of the race. Overall injury rates were lower on turf and synthetic surfaces and the pattern of limb injuries in left vs. right and fore vs. hind limbs were different. Regardless of surface, forelimbs were more likely to fracture. Dirt surfaces showed higher rates of forelimb injuries compared to other surfaces, hind limbs were more likely to experience a fatal fracture on turf than on dirt. The left fore and right hind limbs were more likely to experience a fatal fracture but only on dirt surfaces.

scholarly journals COVID-19 lockdown induced fractures

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 829
Author(s):  
Ravitheja Jampani ◽  
Satya Prasad Chava ◽  
Sravan Chandra Dutta
Keyword(s):  
Food Availability ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Food Delivery ◽  
Limb Injuries ◽  
Common Man ◽  
Induced Fractures ◽  
Limb Fractures

<p>Tough times and tough measures taken by central government of India. India is under national lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic.It was difficult for common man in many ways to deal with lockdown. The basics of life food, fuel, transport was handicapped during lockdown phase. People in major cities and towns have sources of food availability in terms of continuous grocery supply from supermarket chains, food delivery chains. It was rural population of India that was more effected due to lockdown rather than urban population.The rural population of India sustained on food that was available in around houses and in the fields. Most of them went to fields and bought vegetables for their lunch and dinner. During this process people climbed trees and fell down causing major limb injuries. We present few scenarios of injury that occurred during lockdown of COVID-19 pandemic causing major limb fractures. Tough times and tough measures to control pandemic COVID-19 caused new problems for people in search of food and daily needs. These are some of those injuries which were able to document in these tough times.</p>

scholarly journals 768 Impact Of COVID-19 And BOAST Standards on Surgical Management of Upper Limb Injuries in A Large Teaching Hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_6) ◽  
Author(s):  
T Naylor
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Day Case ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Large Teaching Hospital ◽  
Limb Injuries ◽  
Upper Limb Surgery ◽  
Limb Fractures

Abstract Aim During the first peak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the BOA recommended that upper limb surgery for trauma should be avoided if possible, or performed as day-case if unavoidable, to reduce the risk of COVID-19 related negative outcomes. This audit assessed compliance with recommendations and impact on proportion of injuries managed conservatively due to COVID-19 risks, inpatient stay duration, COVID-19 infections, and corrective surgical intervention rates. Method Data was collected for all referrals to orthopaedics for upper limb fractures/dislocations at a large NHS teaching hospital in the North West over a 10-week period from April 4th to June 12th. Follow up was performed to 6 months after date of injury. Care was audited against the “British Orthopaedic Association Standard in Trauma: Management of patient with urgent orthopaedic conditions and trauma during the coronavirus pandemic”. Results A total of 112 patients were referred. 76% of patients were discharged from Emergency Department, with surgery indicated in 48%. Of those, 11% (n = 6) were not operated on due to COVID-19 risks and 1 patient from this group (16.7%) has required secondary corrective surgery. Surgery was completed as day-case procedure in 50%. COVID-19 swabs were not taken in 46% of referrals, 50% had a negative test and 4% positive. No patients tested positive after discharge following treatment. Conclusions Few cases were managed conservatively based on COVID-19 risk, and only 1 patient has required secondary surgery. More upper limb injuries may be managed conservatively, as per BOAST standards, with day-case procedures better utilised as an alternative.

Efficacy of pre-hospital fracture manipulation following ketamine administration: the experience of a single civilian air ambulance trust

2019 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-171
Author(s):  
A Follows ◽  
R H James ◽  
J Vassallo
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Trauma Centre ◽  
Air Ambulance ◽  
Major Trauma Centre ◽  
Limb Injuries ◽  
Retrospective Database Analysis ◽  
Clinical Records ◽  
Limb Fractures ◽  
Retrospective Database

AbstractAimsLimb fractures are common in pre-hospital care and can be associated with significant haemorrhage and neurovascular compromise. The pre-hospital management of these injuries centres around reduction and splinting. The aim of this study was to quantify the effectiveness of pre-hospital reduction of displaced fractures or dislocations and the incidence of the need for further manipulation in the emergency department.MethodsA three-year retrospective database analysis was conducted for all patients sustaining limb injuries who were attended by a single air ambulance and subsequently conveyed to the regional major trauma centre. Only patients who received ketamine, either as an analgesic or sedative, were included. Pre-hospital clinical records and emergency department (ED) notes were examined to determine outcomes.ResultsOver the study period, 122 patients sustained a limb injury and received ketamine; ED notes were available for 96 (78.7%). Of these, the majority (n=51, 41.8%) received ketamine for analgesia with n=10 (8.2%) receiving it to facilitate manipulation. The principal indication for pre-hospital manipulation was neurovascular compromise (n=7, 70.0%). Of those undergoing manipulation pre-hospital, the majority (n=7, 70.0%) required further manipulation in the ED.ConclusionPre-hospital manipulation by our regional air ambulance is a relatively low frequency event and in those undergoing a manipulation, a high proportion require further intervention in the ED or operative intervention within the acute phase of care.

scholarly journals Injuries in Australian Rules Football: An Overview of Injury Rates, Patterns, and Mechanisms Across All Levels of Play

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Saw ◽  
Caroline F. Finch ◽  
David Samra ◽  
Peter Baquie ◽  
Tanusha Cardoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Injury Surveillance ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Limb Injuries ◽  
Australian Rules Football ◽  
Australian Football

Context: The nature of Australian rules football (Australian football) predisposes both unique and common injuries compared with those sustained in other football codes. The game involves a combination of tackling, kicking, high-speed running (more than other football codes), and jumping. Two decades of injury surveillance has identified common injuries at the professional level (Australian Football League [AFL]). Objective: To provide an overview of injuries in Australian rules football, including injury rates, patterns, and mechanisms across all levels of play. Study Design: A narrative review of AFL injuries, football injury epidemiology, and biomechanical and physiological attributes of relevant injuries. Results: The overall injury incidence in the 2015 season was 41.7 injuries per club per season, with a prevalence of 156.2 missed games per club per season. Lower limb injuries are most prevalent, with hamstring strains accounting for 19.1 missed games per club per season. Hamstring strains relate to the volume of high-speed running required in addition to at times having to collect the ball while running in a position of hip flexion and knee extension. Anterior cruciate ligament injuries are also prevalent and can result from contact and noncontact incidents. In the upper limb, shoulder sprains and dislocations account for 11.5 missed games per club per season and largely resulted from tackling and contact. Concussion is less common in AFL than other tackling sports but remains an important injury, which has notably become more prevalent in recent years, theorized to be due to a more conservative approach to management. Although there are less injury surveillance data for non-AFL players (women, community-level, children), many of these injuries appear to also be common across all levels of play. Clinical Relevance: An understanding of injury profiles and mechanisms in Australian football is crucial in identifying methods to reduce injury risk and prepare players for the demands of the game.

Troodontids (Theropoda) from the Dinosaur Park Formation, Alberta, with a description of a unique new taxon: implications for deinonychosaur diversity in North America

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 919-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron J. van der Reest ◽  
Philip J. Currie
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Ventral Margin ◽  
Hind Limbs ◽  
Dinosaur Park Formation ◽  
Upper Campanian ◽  
Partial Skeleton

Troodontids are known from Asia and North America, with the most complete specimens from the Jurassic of China and the Cretaceous of Mongolia. North American troodontids are poorly known, and specimens that have been described are isolated elements or partial skeletons with limited material. A new troodontid from the upper Dinosaur Park Formation (upper Campanian) is based on partial skulls, several vertebrae, ribs, gastralia, chevrons, a sacrum, partial pelvis, and partial fore and hind limbs. It is the largest troodontid known, with an estimated height of 180 cm and length of 350 cm. Like other troodontids, it possesses an elongated ambiens process and has a horizontal ventral margin of the postacetabular process. It differs from all other derived troodontids in that the slightly retroverted pubis has a shaft that curves anteroventrally. Some specimens from the Dinosaur Park Formation previously assigned to Troodon are reassigned to the new taxon, including multiple partial crania, an associated dentary and metatarsus, and a partial skeleton. Previously undescribed elements from the lower part of the Dinosaur Park Formation are assigned to the resurrected Stenonychosaurus inequalis. Distinct stratigraphic separation of Stenonychosaurus inequalis and the new taxon indicates a replacement in troodontid fauna, similar to the turnover of large ornithischians in the same formation. The new taxon is phylogenetically more closely related to Mongolian taxa, indicating the replacement of Stenonychosaurus may have been from an earlier Asian form immigrating into North America.

scholarly journals Thoroughbred Racehorse Welfare through the Lens of ‘Social License to Operate—With an Emphasis on a U.S. Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camie Heleski ◽  
C. Jill Stowe ◽  
Julie Fiedler ◽  
Michael L. Peterson ◽  
Colleen Brady ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Values ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Horse Racing ◽  
Media Access ◽  
Global Media ◽  
Thoroughbred Horse ◽  
Thoroughbred Racehorses ◽  
Social License To Operate ◽  
Social License ◽  
Thoroughbred Racing

This review addresses the question of whether Thoroughbred horse racing is sustainable in the context of current social values. A recently acknowledged framework, known as ‘Social License to Operate’ (SLO), provides us with a lens through which to view and assess racehorse welfare. In multiple surveys of the general public, the horse owning public, and university students, the primary topics of concern regarding Thoroughbred racing show considerable concordance: concern about catastrophic injuries—particularly as related to track surfaces, concern over the racing of two-year-olds, whip use by jockeys, drug/medication policies, and aftercare opportunities for retired Thoroughbred racehorses. Legitimacy of an industry, consent from industry stakeholders, and trust between the community players, are all essential to have and maintain SLO. In the current era of 24/7 global media access, and the proliferation of social media providing an interactive platform for all interested parties, a dramatic change has occurred in commentary related to racehorse welfare concerns. The situation at Santa Anita (California, USA) from late December 2018 through mid-November 2019 demonstrated just how tenuous the SLO for horse racing is. This article will provide a brief review of what ‘Social License to Operate’ is, along with a brief literature review of five of the areas of primary concern voiced by stakeholders.

Musculoskeletal injury rates in Thoroughbred racehorses following local corticosteroid injection

2014 ◽  
Vol 200 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.C. Whitton ◽  
M.A. Jackson ◽  
A.J.D. Campbell ◽  
G.A. Anderson ◽  
T.D.H. Parkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corticosteroid Injection ◽  
Musculoskeletal Injury ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Thoroughbred Racehorses ◽  
Local Corticosteroid Injection

A survey of trainers on the use of swimming and other water-based exercise for Thoroughbred racehorses in Australia

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Steel ◽  
A. Morrice-West
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Haemorrhage ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Thoroughbred Racehorses ◽  
Thoroughbred Horses ◽  
Limb Injuries ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Common Strategy ◽  
Training Activities ◽  
Fitness Benefits ◽  
Exercise Induced

We aimed to determine the extent of use of water-based exercise and to describe swimming training practices in Thoroughbred racehorses in Victoria, Australia. A convenience sample of 118 trainers were interviewed, information relating to swimming protocols, perceived benefits and contra-indications, and use of other water-based exercise recorded and descriptive data analyses performed. Water-based exercise was used by 85.6% (n=101) trainers: 82.2% (n=97) swimming, 25.4% (n=30) using a water walker, 13.6% (n=16) incorporating ridden trotting (‘surging’) exercise in chest deep water, and 1.7% (n=2) using an underwater treadmill. Common reasons (and trainer %) for swimming were training variety and mental ‘freshness’ (62.9%), part of the exercise regime on ‘slow’ days (61.9%) and fitness benefits (60.8%). These horses swam a median of 50-90 m (ranging from a minimum of 40-180 m to a maximum of 40-450 m), continuously or as intervals, after track work, once or twice daily a median 3 days/week (range 0.5-7). Swimming for 50 (range 40-120 m) to 90 m (range 40-200 m) before track work 7 days/week (range 3-7) was used by 43 of the 97 trainers (44.3%) to manage horses prone to exertional rhabdomyolysis. Swimming was used to replace fast work by three trainers who swam horses with limb injuries up to 270-450 m. Common reasons (and % trainers) for not swimming individual horses were demeanour/distress (73.2%), previous swim colic (35.1%) or exercise induced pulmonary haemorrhage (35.1%) although only five trainers had ever seen epistaxis after swimming exercise. Swimming is widely used in training Thoroughbred horses in Australia yet trainer opinions particularly on fitness benefits, contra-indications and protocols vary widely and need to be scientifically validated. Diversifying training activities is a common strategy for managing racehorses in training, yet a better understanding of the best use of swimming and other cross-training options is needed so that evidence-based recommendations can be made.

scholarly journals Influence of Speed, Ground Surface and Shoeing Condition on Hoof Breakover Duration in Galloping Thoroughbred Racehorses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Horan ◽  
James Coburn ◽  
Kieran Kourdache ◽  
Peter Day ◽  
Dan Harborne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Relative Reduction ◽  
Accelerometer Data ◽  
Video Cameras ◽  
Significance Threshold ◽  
Hind Limbs ◽  
Thoroughbred Racehorses ◽  
Artificial Surface ◽  
Future Work

Understanding the effect of horseshoe-surface combinations on hoof kinematics at gallop is relevant for optimising performance and minimising injury in racehorse-jockey dyads. This intervention study assessed hoof breakover duration in Thoroughbred ex-racehorses from the British Racing School galloping on turf and artificial tracks in four shoeing conditions: barefoot, aluminium-rubber composite (GluShu), aluminium and steel. Shoe-surface combinations were tested in a randomized order and horse-rider pairings (n=14) remained constant. High-speed video cameras (Sony DSC-RX100M5) filmed the hoof-ground interactions at 1000 frames per second. The time taken for a hoof marker wand fixed to the lateral hoof wall to rotate through an angle of 90 degrees during 384 breakover events was quantified using Tracker software. Data were collected for leading and non-leading front and hind limbs, at gallop speeds ranging from 23&ndash;56 km h-1. Linear mixed-models assessed whether speed, surface, shoeing condition or any interaction between these parameters (fixed factors) significantly affected breakover duration. Day and horse-rider pair were included as random factors and speed was included as a covariate. The significance threshold was set at p&amp;lt;0.05. For all limbs, breakover times decreased as gallop speed increased (p&amp;lt;0.0005), although a greater relative reduction in breakover duration for hindlimbs was apparent beyond approximately 45 km h-1. Breakover duration was longer on turf compared to the artificial surface (p&le;0.04). In the non-leading hindlimb only, breakover duration was affected by shoeing condition (p=0.025) and an interaction between shoeing condition and speed (p=0.023). Future work seeks to relate these results to hoof accelerometer data.

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