scholarly journals Modeling a Distance-Based Preferential Fare Scheme for Park-and-Ride Services in a Multimodal Transport Network

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2644
Author(s):  
Xinyuan Chen ◽  
Ruyang Yin ◽  
Qinhe An ◽  
Yuan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Choice Behavior ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
User Equilibrium ◽  
Transport Network ◽  
Park And Ride ◽  
Multimodal Transport ◽  
Transport Modes

This paper investigates a distance-based preferential fare scheme for park-and-ride (P&R) services in a multimodal transport network. P&R is a sustainable commuting approach in large urban areas where the service coverage rate of conventional public transport modes (e.g., train and bus) is poor/low. However, P&R services in many cities are less attractive compared to auto and other public transport modes, especially for P&R facilities sited far away from the city center. To address this issue, this paper proposes a distance-based preferential fare scheme for P&R services in which travelers who choose the P&R mode get a discount. The longer the distance they travel by train, the better the concessional price they get. A multimodal transport network equilibrium model with P&R services is developed to evaluate the impacts of the proposed distance-based fare scheme. The travelers’ mode choice behavior is modeled by the multinomial logit (MNL) discrete choice model, and their route choice behavior is depicted by the user equilibrium condition. A mathematical programming model is then built and subsequently solved by the outer approximation method. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the proposed distance-based preferential fare scheme can effectively motivate travelers to use a P&R service and significantly enhance the transport network’s performance.

scholarly journals Public transport network optimisation in PTV Visum using selection hyper-heuristics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Heyken Soares ◽  
Leena Ahmed ◽  
Yong Mao ◽  
Christine L Mumford
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Transport Network ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Transport Modelling ◽  
Routing Problem ◽  
Optimisation Methods

AbstractDespite the progress in the field of automatic public transport route optimisation in recent years, there exists a clear gap between the development of optimisation algorithms and their applications in real-world planning processes. In this study, we bridge this gap by developing an interface between the urban transit routing problem (UTRP) and the professional transport modelling software PTV Visum. The interface manages the differences in data requirements between the two worlds of research and allows the optimisation of public transport lines in Visum network models. This is demonstrated with the application of selection hyper-heuristics on two network models representing real-world urban areas. The optimisation objectives include the passengers’ average travel time and operators’ costs. Furthermore, we show how our approach can be combined with a mode choice model to optimise the use of public transport in relation to other modes. This feature is applied in a special optimisation experiment to reduce the number of private vehicles on a selected set of links in the network. The results demonstrate the successful implementation of our interface and the applied optimisation methods for a multi-modal public transport network.

scholarly journals Modelling Rail-Based Park and Ride with Environmental Constraints in a Multimodal Transport Network

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinyuan Chen ◽  
Inhi Kim
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Transport Network ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Environmental Constraints ◽  
Complementarity Conditions ◽  
Modal Split ◽  
Nonlinear Complementarity ◽  
Park And Ride ◽  
Continuity Properties ◽  
Multimodal Transport

Environmental sustainability is a significant aspect in the sustainable development of modern urban cities, especially in the road transport system. As traffic demands increase, public transport requires more promotion to accommodate the increasing travel demands while maintaining the environmental quality. Public transport, however, is less attractive in vast suburb areas mainly due to its longer travel distance and waiting time. Therefore, this paper proposes a rail-based Park-and-Ride (RPR) scheme to promote public transport in the multimodal transport network. To remedy the heterogeneous distribution of vehicle pollutants in the network, regulations in environmental sensitive districts are required and studied in this paper. To quantitatively evaluate and analyse this joint RPR and environmental regulation strategy in multimodal transport systems, this paper develops an environmental constrained combined modal split and traffic assignment (EC-CMSTA) model. The proposed formulation adopts the concept of fix-point to reformulate the nonlinear complementarity conditions associated with the combined modal split and user equilibrium conditions, which is subsequently incorporated into a VI formulated nonlinear complementarity conditions associated with environmental constraints. The proposed VI formulation can handle a general constraint structure, which enhances the modelling adaptability and flexibility. The strictly monotone and Lipschitz continuity properties of this model are rigorously proved, giving rise to efficient algorithms for the model. A customized projection based self-adaptive gradient projection (SAGP) algorithm is then developed. Numerical studies demonstrate that the EC-MSTA model could enhance the behavioural modelling of network users’ travel decisions and assist in quantitatively evaluating the effectiveness of RPR schemes and environmental regulations.

scholarly journals A GIS-Based Methodology for Evaluating the Increase in Multimodal Transport between Bicycle and Rail Transport Systems. A Case Study in Palermo

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 321
Author(s):  
Alessandro Emilio Capodici ◽  
Gabriele D’Orso ◽  
Marco Migliore
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
Rail Transport ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Modal Choice ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Multimodal Transport

Background: In a world where every municipality is pursuing the goals of more sustainable mobility, bicycles play a fundamental role in getting rid of private cars and travelling by an eco-friendly mode of transport. Additionally, private and shared bikes can be used as a feeder transit system, solving the problem of the first- and last-mile trips. Thanks to GIS (Geographic Information System) software, it is possible to evaluate the effectiveness of such a sustainable means of transport in future users’ modal choice. Methods: Running an accessibility analysis of cycling and rail transport services, the potential mobility demand attracted by these services and the possible multimodality between bicycle and rail transport systems can be assessed. Moreover, thanks to a modal choice model calibrated for high school students, it could be verified if students will be really motivated to adopt this solution for their home-to-school trips. Results: The GIS-based analysis showed that almost half of the active population in the study area might potentially abandon the use of their private car in favour of a bike and its combination with public transport systems; furthermore, the percentage of the students of one high school of Palermo, the Einstein High School, sharply increases from 1.5% up to 10.1%, thanks also to the combination with the rail transport service. Conclusions: The GIS-based methodology shows that multimodal transport can be an effective way to pursue a more sustainable mobility in cities and efficiently connect suburbs with low-frequent public transport services to the main public transport nodes.

scholarly journals Informal park-and-ride behaviour

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
Jelena Simićević ◽  
Vladimir Molan ◽  
Nada Milosavljević
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Travel Behaviour ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Final Destination ◽  
Park And Ride ◽  
Last Mile ◽  
Parking Management

Sustainable parking management in central urban areas typically involves implementation of restrictive parking measures. Discouraged by parking measures users seek for an alternative option. Some of them self-initiatively found a way not to completely abandon driving: they drive and park outside the central area and reach the final destination by public transport. This travel pattern is known as “informal Park-and-Ride“ (PnR), and should be estimated as relatively positive because the critical “last mile” is travelled by public transport. As PnR demand grows, policy-makers should consider its formalisation and integration into the urban transport policy. This paper aims to identify informal PnR users in Belgrade and to investigate their motives, requests and preferences towards this option. The findings should be of importance when planning and developing formal PnR sites, which can largely increase user willingness to accept restrictive parking measures, i.e. to adopt more sustainable travel behaviour.

scholarly journals A Multistage Multiobjective Model for Emergency Evacuation Considering ATIS

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Hua Zeng ◽  
Ke-Jun Long ◽  
Zi-Wen Ling ◽  
Xi-Yan Huang
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
Compliance Rate ◽  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
User Equilibrium ◽  
Stochastic User Equilibrium ◽  
Traffic Demand

The impacts of advanced traveler information system’s (ATIS’s) penetration and compliance rates on network performances during hybrid traffic emergency evacuation are investigated in a degraded road network. Before traffic incident a Path-Size Logit (PSL) route choice model is integrated with constraints on the level of service (LOS) of traffic to formulate a bilevel programming model. It aims at minimizing traffic demand in road network which may locally deteriorate the LOS. The lower level is a PSL-stochastic user equilibrium model for multiple classes of users. During the ongoing incident, a multiobjective multiuser-class stochastic optimization model is established with the objectives of maximizing evacuation reliability and minimizing expected network travel time. Furthermore, computations and analyses are completed for five designated scenarios including a method proposed in previous literature. The results show that the evacuation reliability and different kinds of total expected travel time costs regularly increase with emergency traffic’s ATIS compliance rate and decrease with general traffic’s ATIS penetration rate. The research will help improve transport network performance when considering ATIS’s effect on hybrid traffic.

Modeling Park-and-Ride Services in a Multimodal Transport Network with Elastic Demand

2007 ◽  
Vol 1994 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Chun Li ◽  
William H. K. Lam ◽  
S. C. Wong ◽  
Dao-Li Zhu ◽  
Hai-Jun Huang
Keyword(s):  
Transport Network ◽  
Elastic Demand ◽  
Park And Ride ◽  
Multimodal Transport

scholarly journals Travel Demand-Based Assignment Model for Multimodal and Multiuser Transportation System

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingfeng Si ◽  
Xuedong Yan ◽  
Hunjun Sun ◽  
Xiaobao Yang ◽  
Ziyou Gao
Keyword(s):  
Travel Demand ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Solution Algorithm ◽  
Transport Network ◽  
Choice Behaviour ◽  
Impedance Function ◽  
Assignment Model ◽  
Multimodal Transport ◽  
Second Tier ◽  
Mode A

In this paper, the structural characteristic of urban multimodal transport system is fully analyzed and then a two-tier network structure is proposed to describe such a system, in which the first-tier network is used to depict the traveller’s mode choice behaviour and the second-tier network is used to depict the vehicle routing when a certain mode has been selected. Subsequently, the generalized travel cost is formulated considering the properties of both traveller and transport mode. A new link impedance function is proposed, in which the interferences between different vehicle flows are taken into account. Simultaneously, the bi-equilibrium patterns for multimodal transport network are proposed by extending Wardrop principle. Correspondingly, a bi-level programming model is then presented to describe the bi-equilibrium based assignment for multi-class multimodal transport network. The solution algorithm is also given. Finally, a numerical example is provided to illustrate the model and algorithm.

The Impact of Traffic Information on Drivers’ Day-to-Day Route Choice Behavior

2011 ◽  
Vol 97-98 ◽  
pp. 925-930
Author(s):  
Shi Xu Liu ◽  
Hong Zhi Guan
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Choice Behavior ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
Route Choice ◽  
User Equilibrium ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Traffic Information ◽  
Route Choice Behavior ◽  
The Impact

The influence of different traffic information on drivers’ day-to-day route choice behavior based on microscopic simulation is investigated. Firstly, it is assumed that drivers select routes in terms of drivers’ perceived travel time on routes. Consequently, the route choice model is developed. Then, updating the drivers’ perceived travel time on routes is modeled in three kinds of traffic information conditions respectively, which no information, releasing historical information and releasing predictive information. Finally, by setting a simple road network with two parallel paths, the drivers’ day-to-day route choice is simulated. The statistical characteristics of drivers’ behavior are computed. Considering user equilibrium as a yardstick, the effects of three kinds of traffic information are compared. The results show that the impacts of traffic information on drivers are related to the random level of driver’s route choice and reliance on the information. In addition, the road network cannot reach user equilibrium in three kinds of information. This research results can provide a useful reference for the application of traffic information system.

Park and Ride Facility Location Research of Rail Transit Based on Bi-Level Programming Model

2013 ◽  
Vol 779-780 ◽  
pp. 1156-1161
Author(s):  
Xian Guang Wang ◽  
Zhen Guo Liu ◽  
Yuan Yuan Mai ◽  
Xiao Nian Sun
Keyword(s):  
Facility Location ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Central Area ◽  
User Equilibrium ◽  
The Road ◽  
Park And Ride ◽  
Assignment Method ◽  
The City

This paper seeks to build new park and ride facilities (including the location and size) as well as expand the old ones based on the super road network composed of the road network and mass rapid transit (MRT) network. Park and ride facility location model of the outskirts of the city is established grounded infusing path-based user equilibrium assignment model and multi-assignment method, which is based on minimal investments. The calculation results of the model show that park and ride facilities on the outskirts of the city can greatly reduce the road traffic in central area.

scholarly journals BI-LEVEL PROGRAMMING MODEL AND ALGORITHMS FOR STOCHASTIC NETWORK WITH ELASTIC DEMAND

Transport ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Zhang ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
Wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Travel Demand ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
Consumer Surplus ◽  
User Equilibrium ◽  
Network Design Problem ◽  
Elastic Demand ◽  
Stochastic User Equilibrium ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Level Model

Based on a state-of-the-art review of the Road Network Design Problem (RNDP), this paper proposes a bi-level programming model for the RNDP as well as algorithms for it. In the lower level of the proposed model, the elastic-demand Stochastic User Equilibrium (SUE) model is adopted to coincide well with characteristics of users behavior, and additionally, the parameter calibration method for the model is developed based on the Logit path choice model. In the upper level of the proposed model, the consumer surplus is maximized to improve the social benefit of a network in consideration of the travel demand, the construction cost, the off-gas emissions and the saturation level. The algorithm for the lower-level model is developed based on the descent iteration method, Dijkstra’s algorithm and linear search technology. A modified Genetic Algorithm (GA) is developed as the algorithm for the whole bi-level model, which takes designed elitist selection operator, adaptive cross operator, mutation operator and niche technology into consideration. The proposed model and algorithms are applied to a numerical example. The results demonstrate the validity and efficiency of the model and algorithms, which shows a bright prospect of the application in RNDP.

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