scholarly journals A Novel Method for Analyzing Highly Renewable and Sector-Coupled Subnational Energy Systems—Case Study of Schleswig-Holstein

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3852
Author(s):  
Md. Nasimul Islam Maruf
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Energy Modeling ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pumps

The energy transition requires an integration of different energy carriers, including electricity, heat, and transport sectors. Energy modeling methods and tools are essential to provide a clear insight into the energy transition. However, the methodologies often overlook the details of small-scale energy systems. The study states an innovative approach to facilitate subnational energy systems with 100% renewable penetration and sectoral integration. An optimization model, the “Open Sector-coupled Energy Model for Subnational Energy Systems” (OSeEM–SN), was developed under the Open Energy Modeling Framework (Oemof). The model is validated using the case study of Schleswig-Holstein. The study assumes three scenarios representing 25%, 50%, and 100% of the total available biomass potentials. OSeEM–SN reaches feasible solutions without additional offshore wind investment, indicating that it can be reserved for supplying other states’ energy demand. The annual investment cost varies between 1.02 and 1.44 bn €/year for the three scenarios. The electricity generation decreases by 17%, indicating that, with high biomass-based combined heat and power plants, the curtailment from other renewable plants can be decreased. Ground source heat pumps dominate the heat mix; however, their installation decreases by 28% as the biomass penetrates fully into the energy mix. The validation confirms OSeEM–SN as a beneficial tool to examine different scenarios for subnational energy systems.

scholarly journals A Novel Method for Analyzing Highly Renewable and Sector-coupled Sub-national Energy Systems–Case Study of Schleswig-Holstein

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Nasimul Islam Maruf
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pumps ◽  
Feasible Solutions

The energy transition requires integration of different energy carriers, including electricity, heat, and transport sectors. Energy modeling methods and tools are essential to provide a clear insight into the energy transition. However, the methodologies often overlook the details of small-scale energy systems. The study states an innovative approach to facilitate sub-national energy systems with 100% renewable penetration and sectoral integration. An optimization model, OSeEM-SN, is developed under the Oemof framework. The model is validated using the case study of Schleswig-Holstein. The study assumes three scenarios representing 25%, 50%, and 100% of the total available biomass potentials. OSeEM-SN reaches feasible solutions without additional offshore wind investment, indicating that they can be reserved for supplying other states’ energy demand. The annual investment cost varies between 1.02 bn – 1.44 bn €/yr for the three scenarios. The electricity generation decreases by 17%, indicating that with high biomass-based combined heat and power plants, the curtailment from other renewable plants can be decreased. Ground source heat pumps dominate the heat mix; however, their installation decreases by 28% as the biomass penetrates fully into the energy mix. The validation confirms OSeEM-SN as a beneficial tool to examine different scenarios for sub-national energy systems.

scholarly journals A Novel Method for Analyzing 100% Renewable and Sector-coupled Sub-national Energy Systems–Case Study of Schleswig-Holstein

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Nasimul Islam Maruf
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pumps ◽  
Feasible Solutions

The energy transition requires integration of different energy carriers, including electricity, heat, and transport sectors. Energy modeling methods and tools are essential to provide a clear insight into the energy transition. However, the methodologies often overlook the details of small-scale energy systems. The study states an innovative approach to facilitate sub-national energy systems with 100% renewable penetration and sectoral integration. An optimization model, OSeEM-SN, is developed under the Oemof framework. The model is validated using the case study of Schleswig-Holstein. The study assumes three scenarios representing 25%, 50%, and 100% of the total available biomass potentials. OSeEM-SN reaches feasible solutions without additional offshore wind investment, indicating that they can be reserved for supplying other states’ energy demand. The annual investment cost varies between 1.02 bn – 1.44 bn €/yr for the three scenarios. The electricity generation decreases by 17%, indicating that with high biomass-based combined heat and power plants, the curtailment from other renewable plants can be decreased. Ground source heat pumps dominate the heat mix; however, their installation decreases by 28% as the biomass penetrates fully into the energy mix. The validation confirms OSeEM-SN as a beneficial tool to examine different scenarios for sub-national energy systems.

Complex Energy Networks Optimization: Part II — Software Application to a Case Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Ancona ◽  
M. Bianchi ◽  
L. Branchini ◽  
A. De Pascale ◽  
F. Melino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Optimal Scheduling ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Complex Energy ◽  
Energy Networks ◽  
Energy Network

Abstract In order to increase the exploitation of the renewable energy sources, the diffusion of the distributed generation systems is grown, leading to an increase in the complexity of the electrical, thermal, cooling and fuel energy distribution networks. With the main purpose of improving the overall energy conversion efficiency and reducing the greenhouse gas emissions associated to fossil fuel based production systems, the design and the management of these complex energy grids play a key role. In this context, an in-house developed software, called COMBO, presented and validated in the Part I of this study, has been applied to a case study in order to define the optimal scheduling of each generation system connected to a complex energy network. The software is based on a non-heuristic technique which considers all the possible combination of solutions, elaborating the optimal scheduling for each energy system by minimizing an objective function based on the evaluation of the total energy production cost and energy systems environmental impact. In particular, the software COMBO is applied to a case study represented by an existing small-scale complex energy network, with the main objective of optimizing the energy production mix and the complex energy networks yearly operation depending on the energy demand of the users. The electrical, thermal and cooling needs of the users are satisfied with a centralized energy production, by means of internal combustion engines, natural gas boilers, heat pumps, compression and absorption chillers. The optimal energy systems operation evaluated by the software COMBO will be compared to a Reference Case, representative of the current energy systems set-up, in order to highlight the environmental and economic benefits achievable with the proposed strategy.

scholarly journals Come Together—The Development of Swedish Energy Communities

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dick Magnusson ◽  
Jenny Palm
Keyword(s):  
Rural Community ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Professional Organizations ◽  
Institutional Setting ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Solar Photovoltaics ◽  
Grassroots Innovations ◽  
The Uk

Community energy (CE) and grassroots innovations have been widely studied in recent years, especially in the UK, Germany, and the Netherlands, but very little focus has been placed on Sweden. This paper describes and analyses the development and present state of several types of community energy initiatives in Sweden. The methodology uses interviews, document studies, analysis of previous studies, and website analysis. The results show that fewer initiatives have been taken in Sweden than in other countries, but that even with a rather ‘hostile’ institutional setting CE has emerged as a phenomenon. Wind cooperatives are the most common form of initiative, with solar photovoltaics cooperatives and eco-villages also prominent. The various types of initiatives differ considerably, from well-organized wind cooperatives that have grown into professional organizations to small-scale hydroelectric power plants owned by a rural community. The initiatives may have modest impact on the energy transition in quantitative terms, but they are crucial in knowledge sharing and as inspirations for future initiatives.

scholarly journals The Economic and Geographical Aspects of the Status of Small-Scale Photovoltaic Systems in Hungary—A Case Study

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 3489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gábor Pintér ◽  
Henrik Zsiborács ◽  
Nóra Hegedűsné Baranyai ◽  
András Vincze ◽  
Zoltán Birkner
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Photovoltaic Systems ◽  
Comprehensive Investigation ◽  
Photovoltaic Power ◽  
The Status ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Geographical Locations

The use of solar energy is an obvious choice; the energy of the sun is not only indispensable for most processes in nature but it is also a clean, abundant, sustainable, and—most importantly—universally available resource. Although the further spread of photovoltaic systems, which make use of this source of energy, is expected in the future all around the world, no comprehensive investigation has been conducted into the current situation of the small-scale photovoltaic power plants in Hungary, where this type of photovoltaic system is the most popular. By means of a case study, whose novelty lies in its focus on small-scale power plants and their complex examination, including economic and geographic indicators, this paper analyzes their status in Hungary. The study endeavors to establish the reasons for the popularity of this type of power plant and to identify some typical geographical locations with well-illustrated photovoltaic density. Residential, as well as business prosumers, were examined with the aim of learning more about the density of the small-scale photovoltaic systems and their geographical locations. Another goal was to calculate the average size of small-scale photovoltaic power plants and to gain more understanding of their economic aspects. The outcomes of this research include maps displaying the density of the small-scale photovoltaic power plants in Hungary and the results of the economic calculations for such investments.

A Perspective on Energy Storage and Other Means to Integrate Increasing Shares of Renewable Electricity Generation

Green ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1-6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arndt Neuhaus ◽  
Frank-Detlef Drake ◽  
Gunnar Hoffmann ◽  
Friedrich Schulte
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Distributed Storage ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Specific Class ◽  
High Level

AbstractThe transition to a sustainable electricity supply from renewable energy sources (RES) imposes major technical and economic challenges upon market players and the legislator. In particular the rapid growth of volatile wind power and photovoltaic generation requires a high level of flexibility of the entire electricity system, therefore major investments in infrastructures are needed to maintain system stability. This raises the important question about the role that central large-scale energy storage and/or small-scale distributed storage (“energy storage at home”) are going to play in the energy transition. Economic analyses show that the importance of energy storage is going to be rather limited in the medium term. Especially competing options like intelligent grid extension and flexible operation of power plants are expected to remain favourable. Nonetheless additional storage capacities are required if the share of RES substantially exceeds 50% in the long term. Due to the fundamental significance of energy storages, R&D considers a broad variety of types each suitable for a specific class of application.

A Framework for the Development of Technical Requirements for Renewable Energy Systems at a Small-Scale Airport Facility

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Troy V. Nguyen ◽  
Aldo Fabregas Ariza ◽  
Nicholas W. Miller ◽  
Ismael Cremer
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Target System ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Renewable Energy Systems ◽  
Technical Requirements

Airports are key components of the global transportation system and are the subject of continuous sustainability improvements. Promoting clean energy sources and energy-efficient practices can help attain major sustainability goals at airports around the world. Although small airports are greater in number, most of the “sustainability” attention has been given to large airports. Small airports are typically located in rural areas, making them excellent candidates for renewable energy. This paper focuses on the planning and selection of renewable energy systems as a strategic method to reduce energy use and increase electric power reliability at small-scale airport facilities. The target system may use a combination of renewable energy sources to produce electrical power for the on-site facilities. The framework details include methods of energy collection, power production, and energy storage that are environmentally sound. A small airport serving a dual role as a flight training facility was used as case study. In the case study, systems engineering methodology was adapted to the small airport/ renewable energy domain in order to effectively identify stakeholders and elicit user requirements. These, coupled with industrial standards, relevant government regulations, and a priori constraints, are used to derive the initial requirements that serve as the basis for a preliminary design. The proposed framework also contains provisions for an on-site assessment of existing airport energy needs, sources, providers, and location-specific assets and challenges.

Investigations on a Test Bench for Integrated ORC-FC Micro-CHP Energy Systems

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bianchi ◽  
A. De Pascale ◽  
F. Melino ◽  
A. Peretto ◽  
L. Branchini
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Test Bench ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Pem Fuel Cells ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Variable Load ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Calculation Code

Micro-CHP (Combined Heat and Power) energy systems are potentially suitable for residential and tertiary utilities, typically characterized by low-grade heat demand and limited electric-to-thermal energy demand ratio values. Different innovative and under development CHP technologies are currently investigated in small scale units, but a standard has not been identified till now. Moreover, depending on the load request, the produced electricity can be used, stored in electric accumulator or in the external net, or integrated with other external sources. Contextually, the available heat can be used, accumulated inside the system or dissipated. The actual convenience of small size CHP systems depends on the demand profiles and the operation management logic. A test facility is being developed, at the University of Bologna, for the experimental characterization of the cogenerative performance of small scale hybrid power systems, composed of micro-CHP systems of different technologies: a Micro Rankine Cycles (MRC), a Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cells (FC), a battery and a heat recovery subsystem. The test set-up is also integrated with an external load simulator, in order to generate variable load profiles. This report describes the main characteristics of the implemented test bench, the selection procedure of the adopted micro-CHP unit and expected performance. Further the development of a calculation code able to simulate the performance of the considered systems will be described. This calculation code has been applied to design the components of the test bench. More in details, in this paper the sizing of the electrical energy storage system, and of the thermal and H2 storage tanks will be presented and discussed.

Small-Scale Smart Electrical Grid Design, Construction, and Analysis

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Craig ◽  
Xiaokuan Li ◽  
Patrick Sesker ◽  
Alex Mcinerny ◽  
Thomas DeAgostino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Industrial Building ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Lead Acid Battery ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Lead Acid

As society moves into the digital age, the expectation of instantaneous electricity at the flip of a switch is more prominent than ever. The traditional electric grid has become outdated and Smart Grids are being developed to deliver reliable and efficient energy to consumers. However, the costs involved with implementing their infrastructure often limits research to theoretical models. As a result, an undergraduate capstone design team constructed a small-scale 12 VDC version to be used in conjunction with classroom and research activities. In this model Smart Grid, two houses act as residential consumers, an industrial building serves as a high-load demand device, and a lead-acid battery connected to a 120 VAC wall outlet simulates fossil fuel power plants. A smaller lead-acid battery provides a microgrid source while a photovoltaic solar panel adds renewable energy into the mix and can charge either lead-acid battery. All components are connected to a National Instruments CompactRIO system while being controlled and monitored via a LabVIEW software program. The resulting Smart Grid can run independently based on constraints related to energy demand, cost, efficiency, and environmental impact. Results are shown demonstrating choices based on these constraints, including a corresponding weighting according to controller objectives.

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