scholarly journals Innovative Community Projects to Educate Informal Settlement Inhabitants in the Sustainment of the Natural Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6238
Author(s):  
Thelma de Jager ◽  
Mashupye Herbert Maserumule
Keyword(s):  
Student Teachers ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Urban Poverty ◽  
Informal Settlement ◽  
Informal Settlements ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Infrared Thermal Imaging ◽  
Community Projects

Increasing informal settlements are characterised by unplanned land management; lack of housing, sanitation, sufficient water and electricity supplies; overpopulation; high health risks; and growing urban poverty. These informal settlements are mostly occupied by citizens and immigrant families who seek job opportunities in urban areas. To sustain the ecology of the invaded land and provide a liveable informal settlement, education of the inhabitants is essential. Teachers as the implementers of sustainable environment curricula could be valuable in addressing the environmental challenges these informal settlement communities experience by educating children on how to sustain the environment. Data were collected by means of a literature study and an online survey consisting of closed and open-ended questions completed by student teachers (n = 280). Participants’ perceptions, perspectives, and experiences regarding educating informal settlement inhabitants in the sustainment of the environment were significant in answering the research questions. Most of the participants (n = 216) had visited informal settings, 48 were inhabitants, and 16 had never visited an informal settlement. Most of them believed that educating children at an early age and the inclusion of a compulsory subject on the sustainability of the environment were essential. Education can contribute to the sustainment of clean water, food, and the environment. Additionally, interactive community projects such as recycling, waste management, composting, aquaponics to grow plants, and infrared thermal imaging to detect plant diseases could assist informal settlement inhabitants in sustaining the environment.

Exploring Just Sustainability in Re-Blocking Intervention in a Johannesburg Informal Settlement

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 782-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olumuyiwa Bayode Adegun
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Justice ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Informal Settlement ◽  
Informal Settlements ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Urban Housing ◽  
Material Distribution ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Institutional Structures ◽  
Just Sustainability

Addressing intertwined socio-economic and environmental problems in informal urban areas underscores the need for just sustainability. The co-production of urban housing provides a useful domain to link issues related to sustainability with social and environmental justice. Using the example of an informal settlement re-blocking project, this paper shows how co-production as an approach might or might not promote principles ingrained in just sustainability. The study relied on data collected through semi-structured interviews with residents and key informants as well as transect walks within the settlement. The case shows that working towards just sustainability is not straight-forward. It demands efforts that navigate, with foresight rather than hindsight, the dynamics in multi-scalar contexts into which informal settlements are embedded. Social and institutional structures, processes and relationships producing and reproducing material distribution are crucial to entrenching the just sustainability praxis.

scholarly journals The Role of Human Capital Factors on Poverty in Informal Settlement: Informal Settlement of Sheikh-Hasan, Mashhad City, Iran

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Javad Barati ◽  
Sahar Soltani ◽  
Simin Froogh-Zadeh ◽  
Farzaneh Razaghian
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Urban Poverty ◽  
Informal Settlement ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Informal Settlements ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Mashhad City ◽  
Household Members

This paper investigates the determinants of multi-dimension poverty in informal settlements of Mashhad City. It specially analyzes human capital factors, among factors that influence poverty level. Education, skills, experience and knowledge have important role in promoting income level and in access to sustainable jobs, especially in informal settlements that have lower human capital level than the urban areas other. Mashhad city has most marginal settlements in Iran. Sheikh-Hasan Neighborhood in Mashhad Municipality region 4 has been selected as case study. This study is based on information gathered from household level in 2016 and the ordered logit model is employed to estimate factors influencing urban poverty. Data were obtained from 300 households using the questionnaire Through the Systematic Random technique. Calculation of poverty indexes reveals that nearly 87% of households are below absolute poverty line and 20% of households are below extreme poverty line. Marginal effects show variables of “job stability”, “Ownership”, “Household size” and “Education of household head” have the greatest impact on poverty alleviation. Also, variables of “Education level” and “highest level of education of household members” have positive effect and significant on poverty. Results represent that poverty in informal settlements of Mashhad is strongly linked to factors such as human capital. In addition, with increasing the level of knowledge of household heads and creation of favorable conditions for increasing of the education level of household members can reduce poverty.

scholarly journals Access to improved sanitation facilities in low-income informal settlements of East African cities

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Okurut ◽  
R. N. Kulabako ◽  
P. Abbott ◽  
J. M. Adogo ◽  
J. Chenoweth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Informal Settlement ◽  
Informal Settlements ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
East African ◽  
Basic Sanitation ◽  
Improved Sanitation ◽  
Joint Monitoring ◽  
Sub Saharan

Throughout Africa, the population in urban areas is increasing rapidly, often exceeding the capacity and the resources of the cities and towns to accommodate the people. In sub-Saharan Africa, the majority of urban dwellers live in informal settlements served by inadequate sanitation facilities. These settlements present unique challenges to the provision of sustainable and hygienic sanitation, and there is insufficient information on access to improved facilities. This paper reports findings of a study undertaken in low-income informal settlements using a mixed methods approach to assess access to sanitation and identify the barriers to household uptake of improved sanitation facilities. More than half of the respondents (59.7%) reported using sanitation facilities that are included in the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme definition of improved sanitation. However, a high proportion of these facilities did not provide access to basic sanitation. Less than 5% of all the respondents did not report problems related to sustainable access to basic sanitation. The findings highlight the urgent need to develop specific and strategic interventions for each low-income informal settlement, to upscale the sustainable access and use of improved sanitation in urban centres.

scholarly journals Approaches to Addressing Informal Settlement Problems: A Case Study of District 13 in the Kabul city, Afghanistan.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maqsood Rezayee ◽  
Gabriel Hoh Teck Ling ◽  
Siti Hajar Misnan
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Informal Settlement ◽  
Informal Settlements ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Land Readjustment ◽  
Post War ◽  
Basic Infrastructure

Afghanistan witnessed rapid urbanization in recent decades due to the post-war recovery process. When the war ended in 2001 by fall of Taliban regime, most Afghans refugees returned to urban areas of Afghanistan, especially in Kabul city. Moreover, the rapid urbanization, migration from rural areas, and population growth impacted on Kabul city with the manifestation of informal settlement. It is acknowledged that the residents of informal settlements suffer social, spatial, and economic exclusion from the benefit and opportunity of an urban environment. Furthermore, the residents of informal settlements experience disadvantages by geographical marginalization, shortage of basic infrastructure, improper governance framework, vulnerability into the effect of poor environment, and natural disaster. With all the above, the problems of informal settlements are considered challenges for and informal residents. Thus, it is a dire need to tackle and overcome problems of informal settlements. Therefore, this paper aims to identify the most proper approaches to addressing informal settlement problems in District13 of Kabul city. In order to reach this aim, interviews and a questionnaire survey have been conducted with government officials and local inhabitants. And the finding of this paper indicates that through the resident’s preferences, government capacity, and District 13 physical condition there are three approaches which can be implemented and adopted for improvement of informal settlement in District 13 of Kabul city, which is settlement upgrading as the first option, the land readjustment as the second option and urban redevelopment as the last option.

scholarly journals Towards an automated monitoring of human settlements in South Africa using high resolution SPOT satellite imagery

2015 ◽  
Vol XL-7/W3 ◽  
pp. 1389-1394 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kemper ◽  
N. Mudau ◽  
P. Mangara ◽  
M. Pesaresi
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Satellite Imagery ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Informal Settlement ◽  
Informal Settlements ◽  
Image Features ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Image Feature ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Spot 5

Urban areas in sub-Saharan Africa are growing at an unprecedented pace. Much of this growth is taking place in informal settlements. In South Africa more than 10% of the population live in urban informal settlements. South Africa has established a National Informal Settlement Development Programme (NUSP) to respond to these challenges. This programme is designed to support the National Department of Human Settlement (NDHS) in its implementation of the Upgrading Informal Settlements Programme (UISP) with the objective of eventually upgrading all informal settlements in the country. Currently, the NDHS does not have access to an updated national dataset captured at the same scale using source data that can be used to understand the status of informal settlements in the country. <br><br> This pilot study is developing a fully automated workflow for the wall-to-wall processing of SPOT-5 satellite imagery of South Africa. The workflow includes an automatic image information extraction based on multiscale textural and morphological image features extraction. The advanced image feature compression and optimization together with innovative learning and classification techniques allow a processing of the SPOT-5 images using the Landsat-based National Land Cover (NLC) of South Africa from the year 2000 as low-resolution thematic reference layers as. The workflow was tested on 42 SPOT scenes based on a stratified sampling. The derived building information was validated against a visually interpreted building point data set and produced an accuracy of 97 per cent. Given this positive result, is planned to process the most recent wall-to-wall coverage as well as the archived imagery available since 2007 in the near future.

scholarly journals KEPADATAN PERMUKIMAN DAN KETERSEDIAAN RUANG BERMAIN ANAK

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-153
Author(s):  
Parmonangan Manurung
Keyword(s):  
Urban Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Informal Settlement ◽  
Informal Settlements ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Physical Growth ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
The Right ◽  
Important Activity

The growth rate of people very rapidly with urbanization and density urban environments, had affected the availability of children's playground in informal settlements, especially in big cities. These conditions have adverse effects for the development of children who live in urban environments. Children as mandated by law, have the right to get a chance to play, on the other hand, play a part of the development of the child as well as a medium of learning. Base on this background, this paper aims to examine the influences of density informal settlements in urban environment for the availability of children's playground, especially friendly playground. This paper used qualitative research methods to conduct a literature study and observation to some locations where children play. The results showed that the density of settlement and urban growth over time reduces children's playground, and this will have an impact on the growth and development of children. From the discussion, it can be concluded that, an open space or a children-friendly playground in an informal settlement is needed in order to support the growth and development of children, because play is a very important activity in the process of their physical growth and social development.

scholarly journals Approaches to Addressing Informal Settlement Problems: A Case Study of District 13 in Kabul, Afghanistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Maqsood Rezayee ◽  
Gabriel Hoh Teck Ling ◽  
Siti Hajar Misnan
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Informal Settlement ◽  
Informal Settlements ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Government Capacity ◽  
Land Readjustment ◽  
Post War ◽  
Basic Infrastructure

Afghanistan witnessed rapid urbanization in recent decades due to the post-war recovery process. When the war ended in 2001 with the fall of Taliban regime, most Afghan refugees returned to urban areas of Afghanistan, especially in Kabul. Moreover, the rapid urbanization, migration from rural areas, and population growth impacted Kabul with the manifestation of informal settlement. The residents of informal settlements suffer social and economic exclusion from the benefits and opportunities of an urban environment. Furthermore, the residents of informal settlements experience disadvantages such as geographical marginalization, shortage of basic infrastructure, improper governance framework, vulnerability to the effect of poor environment, and natural disasters. With all the above, the problems of informal settlements are considered enormous challenges for informal residents. Therefore, this paper aims to identify the proper approaches to addressing informal settlement problems in District 13 of Kabul. To reach the aim of the research, the interview and questionnaires survey were used as instrument in data collection. The finding of this paper indicates that through the resident&rsquo;s preferences, government capacity, and District 13 physical condition, there are three approaches that can be implemented and adopted for improvement of informal settlement in District 13 of Kabul, which is settlement upgrading, the land readjustment, and urban redevelopment.

scholarly journals Assessing Wealth-Related Inequalities in Demand for Family Planning Satisfied in 43 African Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franciele Hellwig ◽  
Carolina V. N. Coll ◽  
Cauane Blumenberg ◽  
Fernanda Ewerling ◽  
Caroline W. Kabiru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Poverty ◽  
Informal Settlements ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Wealth Inequalities ◽  
Almost All

Background: Around 80% of the African population lives in urban areas, and a rapid urbanization is observed in almost all countries. Urban poverty has been linked to several sexual and reproductive health risks, including high levels of unintended pregnancies. We aim to investigate wealth inequalities in demand for family planning satisfied with modern methods (mDFPS) among women living in urban areas from African countries.Methods: We used data from 43 national health surveys carried out since 2010 to assess wealth inequalities in mDFPS. mDFPS and the share of modern contraceptive use were stratified by groups of household wealth. We also assessed the ecological relationship between the proportion of urban population living in informal settlements and both mDFPS and inequalities in coverage.Results: mDFPS among urban women ranged from 27% (95% CI: 23–31%) in Chad to 87% (95% CI: 84–89%) in Eswatini. We found significant inequalities in mDFPS with lower coverage among the poorest women in most countries. In North Africa, inequalities in mDFPS were identified only in Sudan, where coverage ranged between 7% (95% CI: 3–15%) among the poorest and 52% (95% CI: 49–56%) among the wealthiest. The largest gap in the Eastern and Southern African was found in Angola; 6% (95% CI: 3–11%) among the poorest and 46% (95% CI: 41–51%) among the wealthiest. In West and Central Africa, large gaps were found for almost all countries, especially in Central African Republic, where mDFPS was 11% (95% CI: 7–18%) among the poorest and 47% (95% CI: 41–53%) among the wealthiest. Inequalities by type of method were also observed for urban poor, with an overall pattern of lower use of long-acting and permanent methods. Our ecological analyses showed that the higher the proportion of the population living in informal settlements, the lower the mDFPS and the higher the inequalities.Conclusion: Our results rise the need for more focus on the urban-poorer women by public policies and programs. Future interventions developed by national governments and international organizations should consider the interconnection between urbanization, poverty, and reproductive health.

scholarly journals Proximal Cities: Does Walkability Drive Informal Settlements?

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerio Cutini ◽  
Valerio Di Pinto ◽  
Antonio Maria Rinaldi ◽  
Francesco Rossini
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Informal Settlement ◽  
Informal Settlements ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Configurational Approach ◽  
Essential Services ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Comparison Of The Results

The uncontrolled growth of urban areas worldwide is pushing a substantial part of the urban population to the fringes of society, confining them to the unsecure and unhygienic settlements that we call “informal.” These settlements lack in intelligible layout and essential services and infrastructures, thus representing a challenging issue for policy makers and urban designers in the development of renewal programs and strategies. In order to support the facing of these issues through an on-site upgrade approach, this paper argues that walkability deeply affects the functioning of informal settlements, so as to propose that they can be identified as “proximal cities,” which expresses the idea that the vital space in informal settlements has soft boundaries and follows a fuzzy logic. A quantitative analysis, based on a configurational approach, and a qualitative analysis, focused on the morphologic features of the settlements, have been implemented. A comparison of the results shows that this approach is suitable to provide a deeper knowledge on informal settlement and informal society under the assumption of their strict mutual connection. A primal definition of proximal cities, suitable for describing some properties of autopoietic urban systems, emerges from the evidence-based relationships between their spatial and social features. In this respect, a case study has been proposed and discussed.

scholarly journals Approaches to Addressing Informal Settlement Problems: A Case Study of District 13 in the Kabul city, Afghanistan

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maqsood Rezayee ◽  
Gabriel Hoh Teck Ling ◽  
Siti Hajar Misnan
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Informal Settlement ◽  
Informal Settlements ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Government Capacity ◽  
Land Readjustment ◽  
Post War ◽  
Basic Infrastructure

Abstract: Afghanistan witnessed rapid urbanization in recent decades due to the post-war recovery process. When the war ended in 2001 by fall of Taliban regime, most Afghans refugees returned to urban areas of Afghanistan, especially in Kabul city. Moreover, the rapid urbanization, migration from rural areas, and population growth impacted on Kabul city with the manifestation of informal settlement. The residents of informal settlements suffer social and economic exclusion from the benefit and opportunity of an urban environment. Furthermore, the residents of informal settlements experience disadvantages by geographical marginalization, shortage of basic infrastructure, improper governance framework, vulnerability into the effect of poor environment, and natural disasters. With all the above, the problems of informal settlements are considered enormous challenges for informal residents. Therefore, this paper aims to identify the proper approaches to addressing informal settlement problems in District 13 of Kabul city. To reach the aim of the research, the interview and questionnaires survey used as an instrument in data collection. Consequently, the finding of this paper indicates that through the resident&rsquo;s preferences, government capacity, and District 13 physical condition there are three approaches which can be implemented and adopted for improvement of informal settlement in District 13 of Kabul city, which is settlement upgrading as the first option, the land readjustment as the second option and urban redevelopment as the last option.

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