scholarly journals Residual Stand Damage under Different Harvesting Methods and Mitigation Strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7641
Author(s):  
Anil Raj Kizha ◽  
Evan Nahor ◽  
Noah Coogen ◽  
Libin T. Louis ◽  
Alex K. George
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Stand Damage ◽  
Residual Stand Damage ◽  
Silvicultural Prescriptions

A major component of sustainable forest management are the stands left behind after the logging operation. Large mechanized harvesting equipment involved in current forest management can inflict damage on residual trees; and can pose a risk of mortality from diseases, natural calamities, and/or degrade future economic value. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the residual stand damage under different harvesting methods and silvicultural prescriptions i.e., crop tree release (CTR), diameter limit cut (DLC), and overstory removal (OSR). The second objective was to evaluate the intensity and frequency of damage occurring on the bole, canopy, and root at tree and stand level. The third objective was to document strategies adopted globally to minimize stand damage due to timber harvesting. Five harvest blocks implementing three silvicultural prescriptions, were selected as the treatments across two different industrial timberlands in central and northern Maine (Study Site (SS) I and II, respectively). A hybrid cut-to-length (Hyb CTL) and whole-tree (WT) harvesting method were employed for conducting the harvest in SS I and II, respectively. Systematic transect sampling was employed to collect information on type, frequency, and intensity of damages. The inventory captured 41 and 8 damaged trees per hectare with 62 and 22 damages per hectare from SS I and SS II respectively. Bole damage was the most frequent damage across all treatments. The Hyb CTL had lower damage density (damage per ha) and severity compared to WT. The average number of trees damaged per ha was higher for CTR prescriptions compared to DLC. There were no significant differences in the height of the damages from the ground level between treatments within each study site; however, there was a significant difference between the study sites. Species damaged was directly related to the residual trees left behind and was dominated by American beech, yellow birch, sugar maple, and eastern hemlock. Finally, the study provides strategies that can be adopted at different forest managerial phases to mitigate residual stand damage.

Fifty years of partial harvesting in a mixed mesophytic forest: composition and productivity

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 985-997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M Schuler
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
Single Tree ◽  
Periodic Growth ◽  
Mesophytic Forest ◽  
Single Tree Selection

Long-term silvicultural trials contribute to sustainable forest management by providing a better scientific understanding of how forest ecosystems respond to periodic timber harvesting. In this study, species composition, diversity, and net periodic growth of tree species in a mixed mesophytic forest in the central Appalachians were evaluated after about a half century of management. Three partial cutting practices on 18 research compartments and on 3 unmanaged reference compartments were evaluated (1951–2001) on 280 ha. Single-tree selection, diameter-limit harvesting, and timber harvesting in 0.162-ha patches were assessed on three northern red oak site index50 (SI) classes: 24, 21, and 18. Shannon–Weiner's diversity index (H′) declined from the first (1951–1959) to last (1987–2001) measurements and was related to both SI (P = 0.004) and treatment (P = 0.009). Sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) and red maple (Acer rubrum L.) were the two most abundant species in recent years (1987–2001); in contrast, in initial inventories (1951–1959), northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) and chestnut oak (Quercus prinus L.) were most abundant. Net periodic annual increment (PAI) of merchantable trees (DBH ≥12.7 cm) was related to both SI (P = 0.004) and treatment (P = 0.003). Mean PAI ranged from 4.6 m3·ha–1·year–1 for single-tree selection to 2.5 m3·ha–1·year–1 for unmanaged reference areas across all SI classes. The decline of oak species suggests that only intensive and specific forest management focused on maintaining oak species can obtain historical levels of diversity.

scholarly journals Sample intensity in ombrophilous open forest at Verde Para Sempre Extractive Reserve, Porto de Moz, PA

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fábio Miranda Leão ◽  
Luiz Fernandes Silva Dionisio ◽  
Loirena Do Carmo Moura Sousa ◽  
Marlon Costa De Menezes ◽  
Marcelo Henrique Silva de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Sampling Error ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Extractive Reserve ◽  
Open Forest ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Ideal

Determining the ideal sampling intensity is important to guarantee data closer to reality with less cost and time in the forest inventory. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the influence of different sample intensities to estimate the floristic composition, species diversity and the timber volume, beyond compare the results with their respective parameters obtained in the census of an ombrophilous open forest area in Verde Para Sempre Extractive Reserve. Was simulated a random sampling with sampling units of 1 ha and several sample intensities: 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% in an area of 200 ha that it was submitted to a forest census. It was evaluated the phytosociological parameters such as structure and diversity, and the estimated errors in the sampling intensities for the volume. The forest has a structure with high diversity and species of high economic value, indicating the existence of an aptitude for sustainable forest management. The treatment with 5% and 10% sample intensity were not enough to contemplate all the species in the area and estimate the volume inside to the required accuracy limit, maximum of 10% sampling error. The treatments of 15% and 20% resembled the parametric value regarding floristic composition, species diversity and volumetry of the forest census of the area, showing no significant difference between them. The analysis of the phytosociological structure showed the importance of using sample inventories to evaluate the economic potential of an area and its suitability for forest management.

scholarly journals Potential of Wood Harvesting Residues and Residual Stand Damage due to Timber Harvesting: A Case Study at PT Austral Byna in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Sona Suhartana ◽  
Yuniawati ◽  
Seca Gandaseca ◽  
Dulsalam ◽  
Soenarno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Average Volume ◽  
Wood Harvesting ◽  
Average Analysis ◽  
Residual Damage ◽  
Stand Damage ◽  
Residual Stand Damage ◽  
Total Average

The practice of timber harvesting in natural forests which has been conducted up to now still leaves wood harvesting residue and residual stand damage. Most condition of wood harvesting residue is still good and can be utilized. The objective of this research was to determine the potency of wood harvesting residue and residual stand damage on timber harvesting in natural forests. The data on wood utilization, wood harvesting residue, and residual damage were collected from three sample plots. The sample plots were arranged in a systematic and purposive manner, and the data were processed with tabulation and average analysis. Research results showed that the average volume of wood being utilized was 9.212 m3 tree−1. The average volume of wood harvesting residues was 2.310 m3 tree−1, and the total average volume of wood harvesting residues which were good, defected, and broken was 2.121 m3 (80.952%), with an average volume for good wood harvesting residue condition of 1.038 m3 (34.808%). Proportions of wood harvesting residues were 2.154 m3 (94.444%) consisting of buttress as large as 0.102 m3 (5.159%), stumps as large as 0.375 m3 tree−1 (23.597%), butt as large as 0.855 m3 (35.930%), and end part as large as 0.821 m3 (29.758%). The average number of trees with a diameter of 20 cm which were damaged due to felling and skidding was 5 trees ha−1 (5.40%) and 6 trees ha−1 (6.58%), respectively.

scholarly journals Patterns of timber harvesting and its relationship with sustainable forest management in the western Amazon, Ecuador case

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 433-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Bonilla-Bedoya ◽  
Anabel Estrella-Bastidas ◽  
Milton Ordoñez ◽  
Alvaro Sánchez ◽  
Miguel Angel Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Timber Harvesting

scholarly journals Application of harvester technologies of timber logging in the process-oriented environment

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Pavel Máchal ◽  
Luboš Bartoš
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Production Rate ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Typical Feature ◽  
Environmental Burden ◽  
Process Oriented ◽  
High Level

Harvester technologies of timber logging currently represent the high spot of technologies used in forestry for timber harvesting and forwarding. A typical feature of the “harvester– forwarder” combination is production rate, which is many times higher than in the commonly used technology of “power chainsaw–tractor” (Lukáč, T., 2005). Other major features prevailing in harvester technologies include an appreciably high level of work hygiene and a significant reduction of environmental burden, which is certainly beneficial for the environment.Harvester technologies of timber logging are currently an integral part of sustainable forest management.This paper focuses on finding options for the application of harvester technologies in selected entities based on the analysis of selected factors that can be greatly affected by the technologies.

Bodenschutz im Wald – Annäherung an ein Wahrnehmungsproblem (Essay) | Soil protection in forests – approaching a problem of perception (essay)

2010 ◽  
Vol 161 (12) ◽  
pp. 482-488
Author(s):  
Franz Borer
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Soil System ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
The Impact

Sustainable forest management is totally dependent on an intact production base such as the soil. Today's soil has been shaped by soil formation processes over hundreds and thousands of years in the context of various natural cycles. In contrast to these very slow soil formation processes, timber harvesting methods have evolved within a few decades from manual harvesting to high-tech harvesting with heavy machinery. The impact of these on the soil structure is comparable to that of the ice sheets during the last glaciation. The consequences of this development are not easily visible to the eye. But there is the threat of irreversible damages in the form of soil compaction. Now what about sustainability, this fundamental requirement that wood production can be maintained over many tree generations keeping the production base intact? What about the responsibility of forest owners and managers for future forest stands to the coming generations of people? The knowledge exists about the soil processes and the possible damages caused by overstraining the natural limits of the soil system. There are also guidelines for careful forest management even with modern machinery. Rejecting wood harvesting techniques with integrated state-of-the-art soil protection measures purely on economic grounds is incompatible with sustainable thinking.

scholarly journals Impact Assessment of Timber Harvesting Operations for Enhancing Sustainable Management in a Secondary Atlantic Forest

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 6272
Author(s):  
Pedro C. Britto ◽  
Dirk Jaeger ◽  
Stephan Hoffmann ◽  
Renato C. G. Robert ◽  
Alexander C. Vibrans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Damage Maps ◽  
Harvesting Method ◽  
Environmentally Sound ◽  
Forest Biome

Conservation and management of forest ecosystems are currently largely conflicting goals in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest biome. At present, all parts of the Atlantic Forest are protected and commercial logging is highly restricted. However, sustainable forest management systems can offer significant income opportunities for landholders, and thereby actively support the process of ecosystem rehabilitation and protection of the Atlantic Forest. This research is intended to contribute to enhancing the development of environmentally sound forest management alternatives in the Atlantic Forest biome. Through a case study, the harvesting impact of a conventional harvesting method (CM) was evaluated and compared with an alternative and improved harvesting method (AM), performed by a well-trained professional chainsaw operator experienced in reduced impact logging techniques, and included the use of a snatch block and a skidding cone. Following a full pre-harvest inventory, 110 different tree species were identified. The harvesting impact on the residual stand was classified and evaluated through a successive post-harvest inventory. Damage maps were developed based on interpolation of tree damage intensities with the triangular irregular networks (TIN) methodology. Our results showed noticeable high rates of tree hang-ups, observed for both harvesting methods. Furthermore, the harvesting damaged trees mainly in the lower diameter at breast height (DBH) classes. In comparison to winching, the felling process caused most of the damage to remnant trees for both methods, at 87% (CM) and 88% (AM). The number of damaged trees (above 11.9 cm DBH) per harvested tree, for CM, ranged from 0.8 trees to 2.5 trees and, for AM, ranged from 0.6 trees to 2.2 trees. Improvements of the AM method (operator skills, skidding cone and snatch block) over CM allowed for a reduction of the damaged basal area, a reduction of the “high damaged area” per plot, and a reduction of the winching disturbed ground area. Nonetheless, a suitable harvesting system should consider further improvements in the felling technique, and additionally integrate the local knowledge of CM regarding forest and tree species with the technical improvements of AM.

scholarly journals Productivity assessment of timber harvesting techniques for supporting sustainable forest management of secondary Atlantic Forests in southern Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Caldas Britto ◽  
Dirk Jaeger ◽  
Stephan Hoffmann ◽  
Renato Cesar Gonçalves Robert ◽  
Alfredo Celso Fantini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Harvesting Techniques ◽  
Productivity Assessment

scholarly journals Residual Stand Damage Due to Timber Harvesting in PT Tunas Timber Lestari, Papua

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Yuniawati Yuniawati ◽  
Dulsalam Dulsalam
Keyword(s):  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Harvesting Techniques ◽  
Stand Damage ◽  
Residual Stand Damage

Timber harvesting activities can cause damage to residual stands, this can occur due to improper timber harvesting techniques. The study was conducted at one of PT Tunas Timber Lestari’s IUPHHK-HA in Papua Province. The results showed that: 1). The number of trees felled and skidded on 3 logging compartment with each of the 3 plot of observation sample has an area of 2 ha (the total area of the research is 18 ha) is 16 trees on average; 2). The average number of residual stand (trees with a diameter of ≥ 20 cm) damaged by logging is 26 trees (13.00%) per ha with details of damage to canopy of 4 trees (15.39%), broken branches of 13 trees (50.00%), the trunk wound of 2 trees (7.69%) and the collapsed/tilted of 7 trees (26.92%); 3). Damage to the residual stand in felling is caused more by the lack of skilled chainsaw operators in determining felling direction; 4) Damage to residual stands due to skidding is an average of 23 trees (9.99%) per ha, with details of 1 trees buttress (4.4%), wounds injuries of 7 trees steam (2.97) and collapsed/slanted 15 trees (65.2%); and 5). The cause of damage to the residual stand on skidding is that the skid trail has not been made and the skid tractor maneuvers too often.

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