Carbon Monoxide Emission and Air Quality Analysis Based on an Improved Double-Weight Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation

In this article, we adopt an improved double-weighted fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to investigate the air condition of Hefei City from July 2016 to July 2021. We focus on the impact of the toxicity index, especially the impact of carbon monoxide, which is also considered in some other kinds of quality evaluation, such as water classification. Firstly, we found that with the increasing awareness of environmental protection and with the attention of the government to the quality of air in recent years, the air conditions have become better (the grades become lower). Secondly, the value of the factors, PM2.5, PM10, SO2, CO, NO2, and O3 periodically fluctuate from year to year; and the periodicity of O3 is reversed with the other factors. Finally, the monthly average analysis shows that the overall air quality is good; all the grades are I-II, except for December 2017 which has a grade III. Furthermore, the air quality in the winter (especially in December and January) is not always good.

Potential of Wood Harvesting Residues and Residual Stand Damage due to Timber Harvesting: A Case Study at PT Austral Byna in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia

The practice of timber harvesting in natural forests which has been conducted up to now still leaves wood harvesting residue and residual stand damage. Most condition of wood harvesting residue is still good and can be utilized. The objective of this research was to determine the potency of wood harvesting residue and residual stand damage on timber harvesting in natural forests. The data on wood utilization, wood harvesting residue, and residual damage were collected from three sample plots. The sample plots were arranged in a systematic and purposive manner, and the data were processed with tabulation and average analysis. Research results showed that the average volume of wood being utilized was 9.212 m3 tree−1. The average volume of wood harvesting residues was 2.310 m3 tree−1, and the total average volume of wood harvesting residues which were good, defected, and broken was 2.121 m3 (80.952%), with an average volume for good wood harvesting residue condition of 1.038 m3 (34.808%). Proportions of wood harvesting residues were 2.154 m3 (94.444%) consisting of buttress as large as 0.102 m3 (5.159%), stumps as large as 0.375 m3 tree−1 (23.597%), butt as large as 0.855 m3 (35.930%), and end part as large as 0.821 m3 (29.758%). The average number of trees with a diameter of 20 cm which were damaged due to felling and skidding was 5 trees ha−1 (5.40%) and 6 trees ha−1 (6.58%), respectively.

Revealing Genetic Diversity, Population Structure and Cultivar-Specific SSR Alleles in Pistachio Using SSR Markers

Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) is the only cultivated species in Pistacia genus and one of the most important nut crop in terms of production. Pistachio cultivars have significant level of variation in their phenotypic appearance and productivity. Understanding the genetic diversity between pistachio cultivars could facilitate breeding programs. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers are powerful tools in genetic diversity and germplasm collection studies. However, published information about the characterization of large scale pistachio cultivar germplasm with adequate number of SSR markers is limited. In this study, sixty-six pistachio cultivars and genotypes originated from six different countries were characterized and fingerprinted by 74 genomic and 18 genic SSR markers. SSR analysis identified 576 alleles for all 66 cultivars and genotypes. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 20 (CUPOhBa1592) alleles with a mean value of six alleles per locus. The polymorphism information content (PIC) values ranged from 0.07 (CUPVEST2939) to 0.87 (CUPSiOh2460) with a mean PIC value of 0.58. The pistachio cultivars and genotypes were divided into five clusters according to Structure and UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Average) analysis. Total of 61 cultivar specific alleles were detected in 34 cultivars, among them three primers (CUPOhBa1592, CUPBaPa1606 and CUPOhBa2127) produced more than four cultivar-specific loci therefore very promising for cultivar identification, fingerprinting and breeding studies in pistachio.

Treatment-Related Adverse Events with PD-1 or PD-L1 Inhibitors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objective: to evaluate the risk of treatment-related adverse events of different severity and different system with PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitors. Methods: randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that using PD-1/PD-L1 for cancer treatment were searched in the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science from 1 January 2019 to 31 May 2021. Adverse events data were extracted from clinical trials website or original article by two authors separately. Meta-analysis was used to determine risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of adverse events in PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors groups compared to that of control groups. Subgroup analyses were also performed. Results: a total of 5,807 studies were initially identified and after exclusion, 41 studies were included in meta-analysis. All the trials were international multicenter, randomized, phase II/III clinical trials, with the median follow-up of 27.5 months on average. Analysis of all grade adverse events showed that PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors treatment significantly increased the risk of immune-related adverse events, including pruritus (RR: 2.34, 95% CI: 1.85–2.96), rash (RR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.25–1.87), ALT elevation (RR 1.54, 95% CI 1.23–1.92), AST elevation (AST: RR 1.49, 95% CI 1.20–1.85), hepatitis (RR: 3.54, 95% CI: 1.96–6.38) and hypothyroid (RR: 5.29, 95% CI: 4.00–6.99) compared with that of control group. Besides that, PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors were associated with higher risk of adverse events related to respiratory system including cough (RR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.21–1.48), dyspnea (RR:1.23, 95% CI: 1.12–1.35) and chest pain (RR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.07–1.47) compared with that of control groups in our meta-analysis and the dyspnea was taken high risk both in all grade and grade 3 or higher (RR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.13–2.12). The risk of arthralgia was increased with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors (RR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.10–1.47). Although the risk of myalgia was similar with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors and control groups, under subgroup analysis, PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors decreased the risk of myalgia (RR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.45–0.70) compared with that of chemotherapy. Conclusions: our results provide clear evidence that the risk of treatment-related adverse events in PD-1 or PD-L1 varies widely in different system. In particular, when using PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors for oncology treatment, besides the common immune-related adverse events like pruritus, rash, hepatitis, and hypothyroid, the respiratory disorders and musculoskeletal disorders, such as cough, dyspnea, arthralgia, and myalgia, should also be taken into consideration.

Mixed-mode oscillations for slow-fast perturbed systems

This article concerns the dynamics of mixed-mode oscillations (MMOs) emerging from the calcium-based inner hair cells (IHCs) model in the auditory cortex. The paper captures the MMOs generation mechanism based on the geometric singular perturbation theory (GSPT) after exploiting the average analysis for reducing the full model. Our analysis also finds that the critical manifold and folded surface are central to the mechanism of the existence of MMOs at the folded saddle for the perturbed system. The system parameters, such like the maximal calcium channels conductance, controls the firing patterns, and many new oscillations occur for the IHCs model. Tentatively, we conduct dynamic analysis combined with dynamic method based on GSPT by giving slow-fast analysis for the singular perturbed models and bifurcation analysis. In particular, we explore the two-slow-two-fast and three-slow-one-fast IHCs perturbed systems with layer and reduced problems so that differential-algebraic equations are obtained. This paper reveals the underlying dynamic properties of perturbed systems under singular perturbation theory.

Development of Simple Teaching Aid on Resonance Topic Using Audacity Software as Learning Media

This study aims to develop a simple prop of resonance topic using audacity software. The research was conducted based on the model from Borg and Gall, which involved only five main steps: analyzing the developed product, developing the initial product, expert validation and revision, small-scale field trials and revisions, and large-scale trials and final products. The small-scale and large-scale feasibility tests were given to 29 students of SMAN 5 Palu Class XI IPA6. The product quality data obtained were analyzed using a descriptive analysis from quantitative data into qualitative, then the average quality score was processed using category criteria. In the analysis results, the overall average score of media experts is 2.97, categorized as “Good”. The overall average score from material experts was 3.33, categorized as “Very Good”. While the average analysis result of the overall small-scale trials was 3.35, categorized as “Very Good”, and the result of the overall large-scale trials was 3.39, categorized as “Very Good”. The overall average score obtained in the transformation in table 2 shows that the simple teaching aid on resonance topic using the Audacity software developed by the researcher was feasible to be used as a medium for learning physics in the classroom.

A Comparative Study on the Behavior of Adolescents Raised by Normal Families and Broken Home Families in Keboan Anom Village, Gedangan, Sidoarjo

The purpose of this study is (1) to find out the behavior of adolescents who are raised by normal families. (2) knowing the behavior of teenagers who are raised by broken home families and (3) knowing the comparison or differences in the behavior of teenagers who are raised by normal families and broken home families. The research method used a mixed method research or a combination of quantitative and qualitative with a population of 150 teenagers living in RW.03, RW.05 and RW.06 and obtained a sample of 60 teenagers to study. Then the data analysis technique used in the study used the independent sample t-test formula. Based on the research that has been done, the results of the research are as follows: (1) the behavior of adolescents who are cared for by normal families using an average analysis technique that has been through validity and reliability tests gets a score of 3.95 which is in the interval of 3.67 – 5.00 which means that the behavior of adolescents is quite good. (2) and the behavior of adolescents who are cared for by broken home families using an average analysis technique that has been through validity and reliability tests obtains a score of 2.72 which is in the interval 2.34 - 3.66, which means that adolescent behavior is classified as poor. . (3) based on the independent sample t-test test output in the equal variances assumed section, it is known that the value of sig.(2-tailed) is 0.000 <0.05.

Design and Research of Smart Neck Helmets Based on the KANO-QFD Model and TRIZ Theory

In order to better serve the safety protection of urban residents during cycling, the KANO model is used to analyze the problems encountered by users wearing helmets during cycling. Combined with QFD, the weighted average analysis of user needs and the importance of engineering measures of product technical characteristics is carried out and users are found. We used TRIZ innovative invention principles to analyze the key requirements and converted them into TRIZ standard problems. We used the corresponding invention measures to improve the existing problems of the helmet and verified the rationality of the design through finite element analysis. Through the KANO-QFD model combined with the TRIZ innovative invention principle, the helmet is optimized to improve its safety.

The Effectiveness of Using the Cooperative Learning Model of FSLC Type on Students' Mathematical Reflective Thinking Ability

<em>The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of the cooperative learning model of Formulate Share Listen Create (FSLC) type on students' mathematical reflective thinking ability on the Pythagoras theorem. The research method used was quantitative. The population of the study was the VIII grade students of SMP Negeri 17 Singkawang, which amounted to 166 students. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. The number of students who became the sample was 58 students. Data collection techniques in this study used measurement techniques through posttest questions, direct observation techniques through activity observation sheets, and questionnaire techniques through motivational questionnaires. The data analysis technique used was a one-sample t-test, Man-Whitney U-test, the percentage of activity, and the average analysis. The results showed that: (1) students completeness scores KKM ≥ 75 reached 75% with Z_count &gt; Z_table = 0.12 &gt; -1.96, (2) There was the difference of students' mathematical reflective thinking ability between using the cooperative learning model of FSLC type and the direct learning with an average score of 82.35 for the experimental class and 47.42 for the control class, (3) students’ activity was classified as active when the cooperative learning model of FSLC type was applied with a total percentage of 80.18% in the very high category, (4) students' learning motivation was high when the cooperative learning model of FSLC type was applied with an average of 4.15 in the high category. Thus, it could be concluded that the cooperative learning model of the FSLC type was effective for teaching students mathematical reflective thinking ability.</em>