scholarly journals Effects of Microencapsulated Organic Acid and Their Salts on Growth Performance, Immunity, and Disease Resistance of Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7791
Author(s):  
Mohiuddin Amirul Kabir Chowdhury ◽  
Hongli Song ◽  
Yao Liu ◽  
Jean-Daniel Bunod ◽  
Xiao-Hui Dong
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Pacific White Shrimp ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Pathogenic Vibrio ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Shrimp Industry

Use of antibiotics and other chemicals to combat disease outbreaks has been a bottleneck for the sustainable growth of shrimp industry. Among various replacements proposed, organic acid (OA) and their salts (OS) are commonly used by farmers and feed millers. However, in free forms, their requirement is very high (2–3 kg/MT) as they tend to disassociate before reaching the hindgut. The dosage can be reduced by microencapsulation of the ingredients. In this study, a 63-day trial was conducted to assess the effects of OA and OS (COMP) microencapsulated (ENCAP) with fat (HF), fat + alginate (HA), wax esters (WE) and HA + WE (HAWE) on performance, digestive enzymes, immunity and resistance to Vibrio parahaemolyticus. A positive control (PC, 200 g/kg fishmeal-FM) and a negative control (NC, 130 g/kg FM) diet were formulated. Eight other diets were formulated, supplementing an NC diet with microencapsulated OA (OAHF, OAHA, OAWE, OAHAWE) and OS (OSHF, OSHA, OSWE, OSHAWE). Among the ENCAPs, significant difference was observed in serum malondialdehyde (p = 0.026), where HF showed the lowest level (6.4 ± 0.3 mmol/L). Significant interactions between COMP and ENCAP were observed in lipid deposition (p = 0.047), serum alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, hepatopancreatic and serum phenol oxidase (p < 0.0001). Despite no differences, 96-h mortality during pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus challenge in all treatment diets (45–56%) was lower compared to the NC diets (63%). In conclusion, use of HF microencapsulated OA diets could provide improved performance and disease resistance that could contribute to the reduction of antibiotic use by the shrimp industry.

scholarly journals Effects of Microencapsulated Organic Acid and Their Salts on Growth Performance, Immunity, and Disease Resistance of Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Kabir Chowdhury ◽  
Hongli Song ◽  
Yao Liu ◽  
Jean-Daniel Bunod ◽  
Xiaohui Dong
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Pacific White Shrimp ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Pathogenic Vibrio ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Shrimp Industry

Use of antibiotics and other chemicals to combat disease outbreaks have been a bottleneck for the sustainable growth of shrimp industry. Among various replacement proposed, organic acid (OA) and their salts (OS) are commonly used by farmers and feed millers. However, in free forms, their requirement is very high (2-3 kg/MT) as they tend to disassociate before reaching the hindgut. The dosage can be reduced by microencapsulation of the ingredients. In this study, a 63-day trial was conducted to assess the effects of OA and OS (COMP) microencapsulated (ENCAP) with fat (HF), fat + alginate (HA), wax esters &ndash; (WE), and HA and WE (HAWE) on performance, digestive enzyme, immune, and resistance to Vibrio parahaemolyticus. A positive control (PC, 200 g/kg fishmeal - FM) and a negative control (NC, 130 g/kg FM) diet were formulated. Eight other diets were formulated supplementing NC diet with microencapsulated OA (OAHF, OAHA, OAWE, OAHAWE) and OS (OSHF, OSHA, OSWE, OSHAWE). Among the ENCAPs, significant difference was observed in serum malondialdehyde (P = 0.026) where HF showed the lowest level (6.4 &plusmn;0.3 mmol/L). Significant interactions between COMP and ENCAP were observed in lipid deposition (P = 0.047), serum alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase (P &lt; 0.0001), and hepatopancreatic and serum phenol oxidase (P &lt; 0.0001). Despite no differences, 96-h mortality during pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus challenge in all treatment diets (45% - 56%) was lower compared to the NC diets (63%). In conclusion, use of HF microencapsulated OA diets could provide improved performance and disease resistance that could contribute to the reduction of antibiotic use by the shrimp industry.

scholarly journals Effects of Microencapsulated Organic Acid and Their Salts on Growth Performance, Immunity, and Disease Resistance of Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Kabir Chowdhury ◽  
Hongli Song ◽  
Yao Liu ◽  
Jean-Daniel Bunod ◽  
Xiaohui Dong
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acid ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Pacific White Shrimp ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Pathogenic Vibrio ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hydrogenated Fat

A 63-day trial with Pacific white shrimp (0.33g) was conducted to assess the effects of two forms of organic acid (COMP), free acids (OA) and acid salts (OS) microencapsulated (ENCAP) with hydrogenated fat (HF), hydrogenated fat + alginate (HA), wax esters &ndash; (WE), and double coating of HA and WE (HAWE) on their growth performance, nutrient utilization, digestive enzyme, immune response and resistance to pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus. A high fishmeal (FM) diet containing 200 g/kg FM and a low FM diet containing 130 g/kg FM and 120 g/kg soybean meal were formulated as positive (PC) and negative control (NC), respectively. Eight other diets were formulated supplementing NC diet with microencapsulated OA (OAHF, OAHA, OAWE, OAHAWE) and OS (OSHF, OSHA, OSWE, OSHAWE). All diets were formulated to be iso-proteic (36.9% CP) and iso-energetic (16.1 MJ/g). Total 1600 shrimps were distributed to 40 tanks (40 shrimps/tank and 4 replicates/treatment). Shrimp fed diets containing OA showed significantly lower feed intake (P = 0.017) and FCR (P = 0.012), and higher protein retention efficiency (P = 0.016) than those fed the OS diets. Among the ENCAPs, significant difference was observed in serum malondialdehyde (P = 0.026) where HF showed the lowest level (6.4 0.3 mmol/L). Significant interactions between COMP and ENCAP were observed in lipid deposition (P = 0.047), serum alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase (P &lt; 0.0001), and hepatopancreatic and serum phenol oxidase (P &lt; 0.0001). Despite no differences, the 96-h mortality in all treatment diets (45% - 56%) was significantly lower compared to the NC diets (63%) under pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus challenge tests. Overall score combining the parameters shows that shrimp fed the OA diets with HF microencapsulation performed better compared to those fed diets with OS and other microencapsulation materials.

scholarly journals Genomic characterization of Vibrio parahaemolyticus from Pacific white shrimp and rearing water in Malaysia reveals novel sequence types and structural variation in genomic regions containing the Photorhabdus insect-related (Pir) toxin-like genes

2019 ◽  
Vol 366 (17) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chrystine Zou Yi Yan ◽  
Christopher M Austin ◽  
Qasim Ayub ◽  
Sadequr Rahman ◽  
Han Ming Gan
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Pacific White Shrimp ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Phylogenomic Analysis ◽  
Genomic Characterization ◽  
Genomic Resource ◽  
Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease ◽  
Genomic Regions

ABSTRACT The Malaysian and global shrimp aquaculture production has been significantly impacted by acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) typically caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus harboring the pVA plasmid containing the pirAVp and pirBVp genes, which code for Photorhabdus insect-related (Pir) toxin. The limited genomic resource for V. parahaemolyticus strains from Malaysian aquaculture farms precludes an in-depth understanding of their diversity and evolutionary relationships. In this study, we isolated shrimp-associated and environmental (rearing water) V. parahaemolyticus from three aquaculture farms located in Northern and Central Malaysia followed by whole-genome sequencing of 40 randomly selected isolates on the Illumina MiSeq. Phylogenomic analysis and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) reveal distinct lineages of V. parahaemolyticus that harbor the pirABVp genes. The recovery of pVA plasmid backbone devoid of pirAVp or pirABVp in some V. parahaemolyticus isolates suggests that the toxin genes are prone to deletion. The new insight gained from phylogenomic analysis of Asian V. parahaemolyticus, in addition to the observed genomic instability of pVa plasmid, will have implications for improvements in aquaculture practices to diagnose, treat or limit the impacts of this disease.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequence of a Deletion Mutant of Vibrio parahaemolyticus from Pacific White Shrimp (Penaeus vannamei)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (25) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siddhartha Kanrar ◽  
Arun K. Dhar
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Deletion Mutant ◽  
Pacific White Shrimp ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Penaeus Vannamei ◽  
Content Type ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease ◽  
Experimental Challenge

ABSTRACT Vibrio parahaemolyticus carrying the toxin genes pirA and pirB causes acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease in shrimp. A genome sequence of V. parahaemolyticus strain R13 was determined that showed deletions of the entire pirA gene and the 5ʹ end of the pirB gene and does not cause the disease in experimental challenge.

scholarly journals Seaweed extract of Gracilaria verrucosa as an antibacterial and treatment against Vibrio harveyi infection of Litopenaeus vannamei

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mad Rudi ◽  
Sukenda Sukenda ◽  
Wesly Pasaribu ◽  
Dendi Hidayatullah
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Respiratory Burst ◽  
Vibrio Harveyi ◽  
Pacific White Shrimp ◽  
Gracilaria Verrucosa ◽  
Seaweed Extract ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Pathogenic Vibrio

ABSTRACTThe objectives of this study were to investigate the antibacterial activity of G. verrucosa extract in test inhibitory zone with different concentrations (500, 1000, 1500, and 2000 mg/L) and  to examine G. verrucosa extract with different dosage (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 g/kg) in feed on immune responses (total hemocytes count, phagocytic activity, phenoloxidase activity, respiratory burst) and survival rate in the Litopenaeus vannamei against the pathogenic Vibrio harveyi. Pacific white shrimp with an initial body weight of 5.25±0.55 g was reared in the aquarium (60×30×30 cm3) with a density of 10 shrimp/aquarium. Pacific white shrimp had been fed three times a day as much as 3% in at satiation for 14 days after challenged with V. harveyi. The first results of the inhibitory test showed that all the concentration of G. verrucosa extract was able to inhibit the growth of V. harveyi and the second result showed that the extract of G. verrucosa can increase the immune responses of shrimp. In the result of survival showed that shrimp fed with 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 g/kg has 80, 73, 70, and 70%, respectively. In conclusion, the seaweed extract of G. verrucosa has antibacterial activity and can induce the immune responses and resistance of Pacific white shrimp against V. harveyi infection.Keywords: Gracilaria verrucosa, seaweed, Vibrio harveyi, vibriosis,  Litopenaeus vannamei ABSTRAKTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak G. verrucosa dalam uji zona hambat dengan konsentrasi yang berbeda (yaitu 500, 1000, 1500, dan 2000 mg/L) dan studi perlakuan pengobatan untuk menguji ekstrak G. verrucosa pada pakan dengan dosis yang berbeda (yaitu 0,5; 1,0; 1,5; dan 2,0 g/kg) pada respons imun (yaitu jumlah total hemosit, aktivitas fagositik, aktivitas fenoloksidase, respiratory burst) dan tingkat kelangsungan hidup pada udang vaname terhadap bakteri patogen Vibrio harveyi. Udang vaname dengan berat badan awal 5,25 ± 0,55 g dipelihara di akuarium (60 × 30 × 30 cm3) dengan kepadatan 10 udang/akuarium. Udang vaname  pasifik diberi makan tiga kali sehari 3% at satiation selama 14 hari setelah di uji tantang V. harveyi. Hasil pertama dari uji zona hambat menunjukkan bahwa semua konsentrasi ekstrak G. verrucosa mampu menghambat pertumbuhan V. harveyi dan hasil kedua menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ektrak G. verrucosa dapat meningkatkan respon imun udang. Hasil tingkat kelangsungan hidup menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan pakan udang dengan dosis 0,5; 1,0; 1,5; dan 2,0 g/kg memiliki tingkat kelangsungan hidup masing-masing 80, 73, 70, dan 70%. Kesimpulannya, ekstrak rumput laut G. verrucosa memiliki aktivitas antibakteri dan dapat menginduksi respons imun & ketahanan udang terhadap infeksi V. harveyi.Kata kunci: Gracilaria verrucosa, rumput laut, Vibrio harveyi, vibriosis, udang vaname 

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