KANDUNGAN PROTEIN DAN KARBOHIDRAT PADA MAKROALGA DI PANTAI SEPANJANG, YOGYAKARTA

Kandungan protein dan karbohidrat pada makroalga diperlukan untuk mengoptimalkan pemanfaatan makroalga di Pantai Sepanjang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan protein dan karbohidrat pada makroalga di Pantai Sepanjang, Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Agustus-September 2020 di Pantai Sepanjang, Yogyakarta. Materi penelitian ini meliputi makroalga jenis Ulva lactuta, Palmaria palmata, Sargassum crassifolium, Gelidium spinosum, Gelidiella acerosa, dan Gracilaria verrucosa. Sampel makroalga secara purposive sampling pada zona intertidal Pantai Sepanjang. Analisis kandungan protein menggunakan metode Biuret, sedangkan analisis kandungan karbohidrat menggunakan metode by difference. Hasil menujukkan bahwa kandungan protein dan karbohidrat tertinggi terdapat pada G. spinosum di bagian tengah Pantai Sepanjang masing-masing sebesar 3,08% dan 19,38%. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, G. spinosum memiliki potensi untuk dikembangkan dalam berbagai produk olahan dengan penelitian lebih lanjut.

AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN BERBAGAI JENIS MAKROALGA DI PANTAI SEPANJANG, KABUPATEN GUNUNGKIDUL, YOGYAKARTA (Antioxidant Activities in Various Types of Macroalgae at Sepanjang Beach, Gunungkidul District, Yogyakarta)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan berbagai jenis makroalga di Pantai Sepanjang, Kabupaten Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Pantai Sepanjang, Kabupaten Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta pada bulan Agustus 2020. Jenis makroalga yang ditemukan pada saat penelitian antara lain Ulva lactuca, Palmaria palmata, Sargassum crassifolium, Gelidium spinosum, Gelidiella acerosa, dan Gracilaria verrucosa. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif eksploratif. Pengambilan sampel makroalga dilakukan secara purposive sampling meliputi bagian timur, tengah dan barat Pantai Sepanjang. Analisis aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan metode DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl). Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa potensi aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi terdapat pada Gelidiella acerosa yang berada di bagian tengah Pantai Sepanjang dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 22,407 g/ml. This research aimed to analyze antioxidant activities from various types of macroalgae. Sample collection was taken at Sepanjang Beach, Gunungkidul District, Yogyakarta in August 2020. Various types of macroalgae were found are: Ulva lactuca, Palmaria palmata, Sargassum crassifolium, Gelidium spinosum, Gelidiella acerosa, and Gracilaria verrucosa. A method of descriptive exploratory was used in this research. Macroalgae samples were collected by purposive sampling from the eastern, central and western area of Sepanjang Beach. Antioxidant activities were carried out using DPPH method. The results showed that fresh Gelidiella acerosa which is located in the middle of Sepanjang Beach, has the highest antioxidant activities with IC50 value 22.407 g ml-1.

Produksi Rumput Laut (Gracilaria verrucosa) Berdasarkan Perbedaan Jarak Tanam dan Bobot Bibit di Tambak Desa Tlogosadang, Kecamatan Paciran, Kabupaten Lamongan

This study aims to determine the highest production of planting Gracilaria verrucosa wich is cultivated in the ponds of Tlogosadang Village, Paciran Sub-District, Lamongan District by treating different spacings and initial seed weights. The cultivation method used was longline with a distance of 25 cm between longlines. The treatments were given in the form of spacings of 10 cm, 20 cm, and 30 cm, while the treatments of seed weights were 50 g, 100 g, and 150 g. Treatments were carried out in a pond measuring 20x5 m with a water depth between 90-102 cm depending on the tides. Sampling was conducted every 7 days for 50 days of maintenance by weighed, controlled, and measurement water quality. Before planting seaweed, pond preparation were carried out which included drying, liming, fertilizing to filling the water. This study used a Completely Randomized Factorial (CRF) Design consisted of two factors, namely spacing and seed weight, each with three levels. Data analysis used One-Way ANOVA showed that the treatment of spacing and seed weight gave a very significant difference (P <0.01), so it was continued with the Orthogonal Polynomial Test to see trends. The test results showed that the highest seaweed production was found at a spacing of 20 cm and a seed weight of 50 g, namely 2423.7 g/m. The water quality as a support for the growth of seaweed measured during the study showed that the waters ware classified as good and suitable for the cultivation of Gracilaria verrucosa seaweed. Keywords: Gracilaria verrucosa, longline, seaweed, seed weight, spacing

Диатомовые водоросли эпифитона макрофитов крымского прибрежья Чёрного моря

Приведены оригинальные данные по видовому разнообразию диатомовых водорослей эпифитона красной, бурой водорослей и морской травы в разных, по степени антропогенной нагрузки, районах крымского прибрежья Чёрного моря, в том числе впервые в зал. Донузлав. Обнаружено 129 видов и ввт Bacillariophyta, принадлежащих к трём классам, 24 родам, из них в Казачьей бухте отмечено 100 видов, Мартыновой бухте – 20 и зал. Донузлав – 38. Из флоры преобладают массовые, бентосные, колониальные, космополитные, морские виды. Выявлено 23 вида диатомовых водорослей – индикаторов органического загрязнения морских вод, из них группа β-мезосапробионтов занимает 87%, что характерно для умеренно загрязнённых органических вод. В эпифитоне красной водоросли Gracilaria verrucosa найдено 94 вида с максимальными значениями численности N=366•103 кл.•см-2 и биомассы B=0,82 мг•см-2 сообщества в конце марта при tводы =10°C; эпифитоне бурой водоросли Cystoseira crinita – 35 видов, N=104•103 кл.•см-2 и В=0,422 мг•см-2 при tводы =25°C; на листьях Zostera marina – 45 видов, N=656·103 кл.•см-2 в январе при tводы=8°C, в июне 31,6•103 кл.•см-2. Полученные данные обсуждаются. В работе представлены фотоснимки и микрофотографии микроводорослей.

The application of seaweed Gracilaria verrucosa in Karawang Regency, Indonesia, as enrichment material in bar soap production

Seaweed Gracilaria verrucosa is one of the potential marine natural resource commodities in Karawang Regency, Indonesia. The G. verrucosa-enriched bar soap is one of the added value products that can be developed from seaweed since it has a potential antiseptic function for human skin. Also, the seaweed-enriched bar soap sale can give more incomes for the seaweed farmers and coastal community in Karawang Regency. This study aims to produce bar soap with the addition of different seaweed G. verrucosa formulation and to examine the sensory, physicochemical, and bioactivity characteristics of G. verrucosa-enriched bar soap. This study applied five variants: the bar soap with extract of water + 250 ppm of seaweed (W250), extract of water + 500 ppm of seaweed (W500), extract of water + 750 ppm of seaweed (W750), extract of ethanol + 750 ppm of seaweed (E750), and seaweed pulp (SWP). The bar soap of variant W500 has the highest attributes according to the sensory and physicochemical analysis, while the variant SWP has the highest bioactivity parameter. From the results, the bar soap of variant W500 and SWP can be the candidates for further product development.

Extraction and Characterization of Galactan from Seaweed Gracilaria verrucosa of Vietnam

In this study, we extracted galactan from the seaweed Gracilaria verrucosa of Vietnam and investigated its structure and properties. The seaweed was immersed in water in the different temperatures to obtain the solution of galactan. Thereafter, the solution was coagulated and purified to obtain galactan as a powder. Kjeldahl method, infrared spectroscopy, viscosity determination and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to characterize structure and properties of the resulting material. It was found that the obtained galactan had agar structure without sulfate as substitute group. The proteins content, the intrinsic viscosity and the thermal resistance of the galactan extracted in water at 40 oC were higher than those of the galactan extracted in water at 100 oC.

Perbedaan NaOH Terhadap Kualitas Gracilaria verrucosa, Greville, 1830 (Florideophyceae : Gracilariaceae)

Gracilaria verrucosa merupakan salah satu jenis rumput laut yang berpotensi sebagai penghasil agar bernilai tinggi. Senyawa ini banyak digunakan sebagai pengental atau penstabil makanan dalam industri makanan. Jenis ini umumnya ditemukan di alam maupun dibudidayakan di tambak. Faktor fisik lingkungan dan parameter perairan dapat mempengaruhi kualitas agar yang dihasilkan. Informasi tentang kualitas agar dari rumput laut yang tumbuh di laut masih sedikit ditemukan, sehingga diperlukan penelitian. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi konsentrasi NaOH terhadap kualitas agar G. verrucosa. Metode ekstraksi dilakukan dengan merendam sampel dalam larutan alkali (NaOH) hingga didapatkan agar, kemudian dikeringkan dan ditepung. Semua data dianalisis secara statistik yaitu normalitas, homogenitas dan two way ANOVA. Hasil ekstraksi agar didapatkan rendemen sebesar 18,44-20,35%, kadar air 13,22-15,06%, kadar abu 2,65-6,78% serta kekuatan gel 55,18-210,26 g/cm2. Hasil FTIR menunjukkan gugus galaktosa yaitu 3,6-anhidro-L-galaktosa yang menandakan sampel mengandung komposisi agar. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi NaOH berpengaruh nyata terhadap rendemen, kadar abu dan kekuatan gel (p<0,05) kecuali kadar air. Semakin tinggi konsentrasi NaOH maka rendemen, kadar air, kadar abu dan kekuatan gel akan semakin tinggi. Gracilaria verrucosa is one type of seaweed that has the potential to produce of high-value agar. This compound is much used as a food thickener or stabilizer in the food industry. This species is generally found in nature and cultivated in ponds. Factor of physical environmental and water parameter can affect the quality of produced agar. Information about quality of agar from seaweed that grows in the sea still rarely found, so research is needed. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different NaOH concentrations on the quality of agar G. verrucosa. The extraction method is done by soaking seaweed in an alkaline solution (NaOH) to obtain agar, then dried and turned into flour. All data were analyzed statistically with normality, homogenity and two way ANOVA. The results extraction of agar obtained yields 18,44-20,35%, water content 13,22-15,06%, ash content 2,65-6,78% and gel strength 55,18-210,26 g/cm2. FTIR results showed a galactose group of 3,6-anhydro-L-galactose which indicated the sample contained agar composition. The results showed that NaOH concentration significantly affected yield, ash content and gel strength (p<0,05) except water content. The higher concentration of NaOH therefore the yield, water content, ash content and gel strength would be higher.

The addition of calcium oxide with different doses in the recirculation system to improve the abalone Haliotis squamata seed production

Information about abalone growth is necessary to overcome the abalone culture sustainability. Water quality parameters are aspects that need to be reviewed, one of which is the calcium level in the water. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal calcium dose in recirculation system for abalone (Haliotis squamata) growth. The study was conducted with an experimental method with four treatments (calcium oxide with doses of 0, 15, 30, 45 mg/L) and three times replications. Abalone with 2.3 g body weight, 2.3 cm shell length, and 1.2 cm shell width was reared for 60 days in recirculation system and fed with Gracilaria verrucosa. The results showed that the best abalone treatment medium with the addition of calcium oxide to increase the abalone seed production was 15 mg/L CaO with 100% survival rate, 31.57±2.82% feed efficiency, and 0.56±0.06%/day specific growth rate. Keywords: Abalone, calcium, organ composition, production, recirculation ABSTRAK Informasi tentang pertumbuhan abalon diperlukan untuk mengatasi keberlanjutan budidaya abalon. Parameter kualitas air merupakan aspek yang perlu ditinjau. Kadar kalsium dalam air menjadi salah satu aspek yang dapat ditinjau.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menentukan dosis kalsium optimal melalui sistem resirkulasi untuk pertumbuhan abalon Haliotis squamata. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode eksperimental dengan empat perlakuan 3 ulangan penambahan CaO dengan dosis 0, 15, 30, dan 45 mg/L. Secara singkat, abalon dengan bobot badan 2,3 g, panjang cangkang 2,3 cm dan lebar cangkang 1,2 cm dipelihara selama 60 hari dengan sistem resirkulasi dan diberi makan dengan Gracilaria verrucosa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media perlakuan abalon dengan penambahan kalsium oksida terbaik untuk meningkatkan produksi abalon adalah CaO 15 mg/L dengan tingkat kelangsungan hidup 100%, efisiensi pakan 31,57 ± 2,82 %, dan laju pertumbuhan spesifik harian 0.56 ± 0.06%/hari. Kata kunci: Abalon, kalsium, komposisi organ, produksi, resirkulasi