Gender Differences in Work Satisfaction, Work Engagement and Work Efficiency of Employees during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Case in Slovenia

The COVID-19 pandemic and the resultant lockdown has caused massive economic disruption, leading businesses to make a rapid transition and take a new approach to business strategy. Therefore, the aim of the paper is to examine if there are statistically significant gender differences in work satisfaction, work engagement, and work efficiency among employees who work from home during the COVID-19 pandemic. Further, the paper aims to identify the importance of individual dimensions of work satisfaction, work engagement, and work efficiency, and gender differences perspective. The research is based on a survey of 785 employees in Slovenian companies. The factor analysis and the t-test for two independent samples were used to test the research hypotheses. Findings: The results show significant gender differences in work satisfaction, work engagement, and work efficiency among employees who work from home during the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper provides change management insights and recommendations to assist companies in minimizing the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their employees.

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Leadership During Crisis: An Examination of Supervisory Leadership Behavior and Gender During COVID-19

Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies ◽

10.1177/15480518211010761 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 154805182110107

Author(s):

Connor J. Eichenauer ◽

Ann Marie Ryan ◽

Jo M. Alanis

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Leadership Behavior ◽

Health And Safety ◽

Leader Behaviors ◽

Major Work ◽

Male And Female ◽

Leadership Challenges ◽

Work From Home ◽

And Gender ◽

Workforce Reductions

Due to major work disruptions caused by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, supervisors in organizations are facing leadership challenges as they attempt to manage “work from home” arrangements, the health and safety of essential workers, and workforce reductions. Accordingly, the present research seeks to understand what types of leadership employees think is most important for supervisors to exhibit when managing these crisis-related contexts and, in light of assertions that women may be better leaders during times of crisis, examines gender differences in how male and female supervisors act and how subordinates perceive and evaluate them in real (Study 1) and hypothetical (Study 2) settings. Results indicate that communal leader behaviors were more important to employees in all three crisis contexts. In Study 1, communality was a stronger predictor than agency of supervisor likability and competence. In Study 2, communality was also more positively related to likability, but agency and communality were equally predictive of competence ratings. Ratings of real supervisors suggest that women were not more communal than men when managing these crises, nor did perceptions of leader behavior differ by supervisor gender in a controlled experiment. However, evaluations of women's competence were more directly related to their display of communal behaviors than were evaluations of male supervisors. This research is helpful practically in understanding effective supervisory leadership during the COVID-19 crisis and contributes to the literature on gender and leadership in crisis contexts by attempting to disentangle gender differences in leader behaviors, perceptions, and evaluations.

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Brief Report. The PCL-R and Gender

European Journal of Psychological Assessment ◽

10.1027//1015-5759.16.3.147 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 147-149 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

Martin Grann

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Sexual Behavior ◽

Discriminant Analysis ◽

Juvenile Delinquency ◽

Violent Offenders ◽

Matched Pairs ◽

Psychopathy Checklist ◽

Psychopathy Checklist Revised ◽

And Gender

Summary: Hare's Psychopathy Checklist - Revised (PCL-R; Hare, 1991 ) was originally constructed for use among males in correctional and forensic settings. In this study, the PCL-R protocols of 36 matched pairs of female and male violent offenders were examined with respect to gender differences. The results indicated a few significant differences. By means of discriminant analysis, male Ss were distinguished from their female counterparts through their relatively higher scores on “callous/lack of empathy” (item 8) and “juvenile delinquency” (item 18), whereas the female Ss scored relatively higher on “promiscuous sexual behavior” (item 11). Some sources of bias and possible implications are discussed.

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Personal Problem Solving of Partners in Divorce Proceedings

Rorschachiana Journal of the International Society for the Rorschach ◽

10.1027/1192-5604/a000053 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 82-103 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tereza Soukupova ◽

Petr Goldmann

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Problem Solving ◽

Thematic Apperception Test ◽

Scoring Systems ◽

Personal Control ◽

Personality Characteristics ◽

Personal Problem ◽

Thematic Apperception ◽

And Gender ◽

The Given

Abstract. The Thematic Apperception Test is one of the most frequently administered apperceptive techniques. Formal scoring systems are helpful in evaluating story responses. TAT stories, made by 20 males and 20 females in the situation of legal divorce proceedings, were coded for detection and comparison of their personal problem solving ability. The evaluating instrument utilized was the Personal Problem Solving System-Revised (PPSS-R) as developed by G. F. Ronan. The results indicate that in relation to card 1, men more often than women saw the cause of the problem as removable. With card 6GF, women were more motivated to resolve the given problem than were men, women had a higher personal control and their stories contained more optimism compared to men’s stories. In relation to card 6BM women, more often than men, used emotions generated from the problem to orient themselves within the problem. With card 13MF, the men’s level of stress was less compared to that of the women, and men were more able to plan within the context of problem-solving. Significant differences in the examined groups were found in those cards which depicted significant gender and parental potentials. The TAT can be used to help identify personality characteristics and gender differences.

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