scholarly journals Built Environment Typologies Prone to Risk: A Cluster Analysis of Open Spaces in Italian Cities

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 9457
Author(s):  
Alessandro D’Amico ◽  
Martina Russo ◽  
Marco Angelosanti ◽  
Gabriele Bernardini ◽  
Donatella Vicari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Risk Scenarios ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Gis Data ◽  
The Common

Planning for preparedness, in terms of multi-hazard disasters, involves testing the relevant abilities to mitigate damage and build resilience, through the assessment of deterministic disaster scenarios. Among risk-prone assets, open spaces (OSs) play a significant role in the characterization of the built environment (BE) and represent the relevant urban portion on which to develop multi-risk scenarios. The aim of this paper is to elaborate ideal scenarios—namely, Built Environment Typologies (BETs)—for simulation-based risk assessment actions, considering the safety and resilience of BEs in emergency conditions. The investigation is conducted through the GIS data collection of the common characteristics of OSs (i.e., squares), identified through five parameters considered significant in the scientific literature. These data were processed through a non-hierarchical cluster analysis. The results of the cluster analysis identified five groups of OSs, characterized by specific morphological, functional, and physical characteristics. Combining the outcomes of the cluster analysis with a critical analysis, nine final BETs were identified. The resulting BETs were linked to characteristic risk combinations, according to the analysed parameters. Thus, the multi-risk scenarios identified through the statistical analysis lay the basis for future risk assessments of BEs, based on the peculiar characteristics of Italian towns.

scholarly journals Typology, Structural Characterization and Sustainability of Integrated Broiler Farming System in Epirus, Greece

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 13084
Author(s):  
Vassilios Dotas ◽  
Dimitrios Gourdouvelis ◽  
Lampros Hatzizisis ◽  
Ioannis Kaimakamis ◽  
Ioannis Mitsopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Structural Characterization ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster Analysis ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Large Farms ◽  
Farm Types

The aim of this study was the detailed characterization of the existing zootechnical and financial management applied in broiler poultry farms in the Region of Epirus, Greece. The current situation was captured through the formation of a typology on the structural characterization of broiler farming system. The variables were recorded based on data from a stratified random sample according to Neyman’s methodology of 110 poultry farms. In the typology, hierarchical cluster analysis was applied to identify differences between farms and to support most of this differentiation. Chebyshev distance was used to maximize the effect of the cluster elements distance, as well as Ward’s clustering method, which aims to achieve greater homogeneity within the clusters. Bonferroni multiple comparison tests were used to evaluate the differences. Four clusters of different farm types were identified from the hierarchical cluster analysis. In conclusion, the production system of broiler farms in Epirus is intensive, especially in large farms that have made significant investments in fixed capital and implement successful management. However, the poultry sector in Epirus has further margin for improvement in both its productivity and profitability.

scholarly journals Ultraviolet Spectroscopy Used to Fingerprint Five Wild-Grown Edible Mushrooms (Boletaceae) Collected from Yunnan, China

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Li ◽  
Ji Zhang ◽  
Tao Li ◽  
Tianwei Yang ◽  
Yuanzhong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster Analysis ◽  
Visual Discrimination ◽  
Uv Spectroscopy ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Uv Spectra ◽  
Edible Mushrooms ◽  
Ultraviolet Spectroscopy

Nowadays, wild-grown edible mushrooms which are natural, nutritious, and healthy get more and more popular by large consumers. In this paper, UV spectra of different Boletaceae mushrooms with the aid of partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were shown to be a practical and rapid method for discrimination purpose. The specimens of Boletus edulis, Boletus ferrugineus, Boletus tomentipes, Leccinum rugosiceps, and Xerocomus sp. were described based on the UV spectra. From the results, all the specimens were characterized by strong absorption at the wavelengths of 274 and 284 nm and showed the shoulder at 296 nm. However, changes could be seen in the peak heights at the same wavelength for different samples. After analyzing by chemometrics, visual discrimination among samples was presented and the relationships among them were also obtained. This study showed that UV spectroscopy combined with chemometrics methods could be used successfully as a simple and effective approach for characterization of these five wild-grown edible mushrooms at species and genus levels. Meanwhile, this rapid and simple methodology could also provide reference for the discrimination of edible mushrooms.

scholarly journals Cronbach’s Alpha under Insufficient Effort Responding: An Analytic Approach

Stats ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Carden ◽  
Trevor Camper ◽  
Nicholas Holtzman
Keyword(s):  
Mixture Models ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Analytic Approach ◽  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
The Common

Surveys commonly suffer from insufficient effort responding (IER). If not accounted for, IER can cause biases and lead to false conclusions. In particular, Cronbach’s alpha has been empirically observed to either deflate or inflate due to IER. This paper will elucidate how IER impacts Cronbach’s alpha in a variety of situations. Previous results concerning internal consistency under mixture models are extended to obtain a characterization of Cronbach’s alpha in terms of item validities, average variances, and average covariances. The characterization is then applied to contaminating distributions representing various types of IER. The discussion will provide commentary on previous simulation-based investigations, confirming some previous hypotheses for the common types of IER, but also revealing possibilities from newly considered responding patterns. Specifically, it is possible that the bias can change from negative to positive (and vice versa) as the proportion of contamination increases.

scholarly journals IRAP variability in Prunus domestica (L.) borkh based on Cassandra retrotransposon polymorphism

Genetika ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 989-1000
Author(s):  
Slavomíra Senková ◽  
Jana Ziarovská ◽  
Eloy Fernández ◽  
Danka Boseľová ◽  
Milan Bezo
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Length Polymorphism ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster Analysis ◽  
Dna Markers ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Prunus Domestica ◽  
Genomic Variability ◽  
Plum Varieties ◽  
Insertional Polymorphism

Plum species are reported to possess a wide genomic variability and that is why DNA markers are still actual in the characterization of its germlasm. In this study, twenty-three genotypes of European plums were assessed for the amplified length based polymorphism among the retrotransposon Cassandra insertions in their genomes. The obtained insertional polymorphism caused by the activity of Cassandra showed regional and pedigree differences in the analysed accessions of European plums. Two primers were used in analysis. The first resulted in the amplification in 203 amplicons and the 86.6 % polymorphism. Two unique fragments were obtained for the Torysa and Podol?nec varieties using this primer. The second primer resulted in the amplification in 267 amplicons and 74.2 % polymorphism. Four unique fragments were obtained for the plum varieties Svestka dom?c?, Cacansk? rann? and Elena. Hierarchical cluster analysis divided the analysed accessions into the four main clusters. To show the length polymorphism diferences of the analysed genotypes from Germany, Slovakia and former Yugoslavia more pecisely, the scattergram for them was constructed.

scholarly journals Attitudinal Determinants of Beef Consumption in Venezuela: A Retrospective Survey

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilia Arenas de Moreno ◽  
Nancy Jerez-Timaure ◽  
Jonathan Valerio Hernández ◽  
Nelson Huerta-Leidenz ◽  
Argenis Rodas-González
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Beef Quality ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Credence Attributes ◽  
Consumer Surveys ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Common ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Consumer surveys were conducted in the Western, Central, and Eastern regions of Venezuela to determine buying expectations, motivations, needs, perceptions, and preferences of beef consumers, and their acceptance of domestic (and foreign) beef, as affected by different intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Data (n = 693) were gathered by face-to-face interviews on the way out of fresh markets, butcher stores, supermarkets, and, in some cases, at home by using a 45-question structured questionnaire. Responses were subjected to factorial analysis of correspondence (FA) and hierarchical cluster analysis. From the FA, the first two factors explain 74% of the common variance. Factor 1 comprises intrinsic attributes such as color, smell, tenderness, flavor, juiciness, and freshness; while Factor 2 contains extrinsic attributes, mostly related to the origin. The FA profiling data showed that it is possible to concentrate on the traits that consumers usually use as a criterion to perceive beef quality, and to purchase beef. Using cluster analysis, four groups of consumers were mainly distinguished by region, intrinsic attributes, and credence attributes related to production system, aging, traceability, and hygiene. Results from this study will be helpful in designing strategies for recovering and enhancing the future, domestic beef demand.

scholarly journals A Consumer Segmentation Study for Meat and Meat Alternatives in Switzerland

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1273
Author(s):  
Franziska Götze ◽  
Thomas A. Brunner
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Meat Consumption ◽  
Target Groups ◽  
Consumer Segmentation ◽  
Complementary Component ◽  
French Speaking ◽  
Research Gap

The aim of this study was to identify consumer groups regarding meat and meat alternatives, which are homogeneous in themselves but very different from one another. To date, the literature has analysed the attitudes towards, and the motives behind, the consumption of meat and meat alternatives. However, segmentation research portraying homogeneous consumer groups that are consuming or willing to consume meat alternatives is lacking. This study closes this research gap and, in doing so, also shows how meat consumption is related to the consumption of alternative products. A questionnaire was sent out to a random sample in the German- and French-speaking parts of Switzerland, resulting in 561 responses. A hierarchical cluster analysis using seven scales revealed six distinct consumer groups, which covered all types of consumers, from the uncompromising meat-eater to the health-conscious meat avoider. The results show that meat alternatives are not always consumed as a substitute for meat but can also be a complementary component in one’s diet. This study contributes to the scientific literature by providing useful information for the food industry involved in producing and marketing meat and meat alternatives to different target groups.

Comprehensive Molecular Characterization of Malignant and Microenvironmental Cells in Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia by Gene Expression Profiling.

Blood ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 110 (11) ◽  
pp. 3174-3174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evdoxia Hatjiharissi ◽  
Constantine S. Mitsiades ◽  
Ciccarelli T. Bryan ◽  
Xu Lian ◽  
Cao Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Gene Expression Profiling ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster Analysis ◽  
Expression Profiling ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Healthy Donors

Abstract Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia (WM) is an incurable B-cell malignancy characterized by bone marrow (BM) infiltration with a spectrum of clonally related cells, including small lymphocytes and lymphoplasmacytic cells (CD19+) as well as mature plasma cells (CD138+). The molecular pathogenesis of the disease remains to be defined. We therefore analyzed the gene expression profiles of CD19+ and CD138+ BM mononuclear cells from 30 untreated patients with WM and compared their gene expression profile to their normal counterparts from 10 healthy donors using Affymetrix microarrays (U133 plus 2.0). Since the microenvironment plays an important role in the pathogenesis of WM, we also profiled and compared gene expression profiling for CD19 and CD138 depleted BM mononuclear cells from the same patients and healthy donors. Gene expression analysis was performed using dChip software. Unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis demonstrated distinct gene expression patterns between WM cells versus their normal counterparts. In supervised hierarchical cluster analysis selecting for genes with > 2 fold change in expression and a False discovery Rate (FDR) < 2%, a set of 1171, 582 and 360 genes were found to be differentially expressed between WM patient and healthy donor CD19+, CD138+, as well as CD19/CD138 depleted (microenvironmental) cells, respectively. Among the most significantly over-expressed genes in the CD19+ compartment in WM patients were: BCL2, TNFRSF13B, TNFRSF17, IGLL1, CCR2, CLLU1, whilst the AP1 family genes JUND and FOSB were among the most significantly down-regulated genes in both CD19+ and CD138+ cells in WM patients. Other interesting transcripts which were over-expressed in CD138+ cells from WM patients included those from genes involved in transcription regulation (ZKSCAN1, ZMYM1, ZNF189, ZNF19, and ZNF559) and interferon response (IFI16 and IFIH1). Of considerable interest was our observation that microenvironmental cells in WM patients demonstrated an overactive transcriptional profile composed of genes which are associated with immune and inflammatory responses including the Toll like receptors (TLR 1,5,7,8), interferon and cytokines (IFI16, IFNAR1, IL-10R, IL-8R), genes encoding extracellular matrix components (Fibronectin and Hepatocyte Growth Factor) as well as genes involved in apoptotic signaling (TNFSF10, TRAF4). These studies provide the first comprehensive molecular characterization of WM, dissecting the molecular features of the two immunophenotypically distinct populations of malignant cells, and providing for the first time evidence for a distinct molecular profile in BM microenviromental cells.

Element patterns for particulate matter in stormwater effluent

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 3013-3019 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. David ◽  
P. Krebs ◽  
D. Borchardt ◽  
W. von Tümpling
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Element Pattern ◽  
The Town ◽  
Receiving Water

Particulate matter in stormwater deteriorates the quality of receiving water and sediment. Characterization of stormwater particulate matter by means of its particle-associated element pattern provides an aid to determining its impact on receiving surface waters. During a 6 month measurement campaign, we determined particle-associated concentrations of major pollutants and rare earths for three combined water/stormwater outlets in the town of Staßfurt. We differentiated the particle-associated constituents on the basis of a hierarchical cluster analysis. Repeating the cluster analysis on random subsets, we gained information about the variability of the element patterns between and within the sites. In general, constituents associated with sewage and sewer sediment behave differently compared with constituents associated with runoff. The degree to which associations can be established for element patterns from site to site is limited by the variability encountered within sample sets taken from individual sites. The latter variability depends on the complexity of the catchment.

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