scholarly journals Analysis of Income Inequality Based on Income Mobility for Poverty Alleviation in Rural China

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 16362-16378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting Li ◽  
Hualou Long ◽  
Shuangshuang Tu ◽  
Yanfei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Income Mobility

Income inequality and mobility of rural households in China from 2003 to 2006

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenkai Sun ◽  
Xianghong Wang ◽  
Chong-En Bai
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Dynamic Panel Data ◽  
Income Growth ◽  
Income Mobility ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Econometric Methods ◽  
Different Sources

Purpose – This paper aims to illustrate the trends of income growth and income inequality and examines the dynamics and determinants of income mobility in rural China from 2003 to 2006. Design/methodology/approach – The authors decomposed the Gini coefficient by different sources and analyzed income mobility using the method of income transition matrix. The authors then estimated the effects of demographic variables, labor migration, and other household characteristics on income growth using a dynamic panel data model. Findings – The study obtained important findings on income mobility and income inequality in rural China. First, annual income inequality in rural China was smoothed during this period after a decline from 2003, with the largest contribution from the income of migration work. Second, income mobility remained rather stable and relatively high, with higher mobility in the interior provinces than in the coastal provinces. Third, the income levels of the poor and the wealthy households converged during this period after controlling other factors. Fourth, income growth depends on in the households' demographic composition, their human capital accumulation, and their chances of getting migration jobs. Originality/value – The sound econometric methods applied to the most current rural household survey data provide important contributions to the literature of income inequality and income mobility in China.

scholarly journals Race Matters: Income Shares, Income Inequality, and Income Mobility for All U.S. Races

Demography ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 999-1021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall Akee ◽  
Maggie R. Jones ◽  
Sonya R. Porter
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Income Mobility

scholarly journals Poverty alleviation research in rural China: Three decades and counting

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Luo
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Safety Nets ◽  
Rural Governance ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Development Outcomes ◽  
Social Safety Nets ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Village

Poverty alleviation is a hallmark of post-revolution Chinese policymaking. Since 1978, the Communist Party of China (CPC) has implemented successive waves of poverty alleviation policies whose effects have become the focus of an ever-increasing body of academic literature. This paper reviews this diverse but limited literature that evaluates the impact of the CPC’s poverty reduction programs through four major channels, namely fiscal investment programs, social safety nets, rural governance on the village-, county- and provincial level, and the relocation of rural populations from destitute regions. This paper aims to synthesize results and evaluate whether and how the abovementioned poverty alleviation programs have had distinct positive or negative impacts on regional development outcomes. Furthermore, I highlight contradictions in empirical findings to motivate the discussion about contextual importance when designing and implementing future poverty alleviation programs. Finally, I suggest that an exhaustive and critical appraisal of the empirical strategies used in this literature would further the development and application of more accurate and informative methodologies.

scholarly journals Fair and Inclusive Markets

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (29) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Aghion ◽  
Reda Cherif ◽  
Fuad Hasanov
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Policy Options ◽  
Growth Opportunities ◽  
Market Structures ◽  
Sustained Growth ◽  
Market Income ◽  
High Level ◽  
Export Industries

We show empirical evidence that there may not be a tradeoff between market income inequality and high sustained growth, which is key for poverty alleviation. We argue that the economies that achieved high sustained growth and low market income inequality are characterized by dynamism—a drive toward sophisticated export industries, innovation, and creative destruction and a high level of competition. What a country produces and how much it competes domestically and internationally are important for achieving fair and inclusive markets. We explore policy options to steer industrial and market structures toward providing growth opportunities for both workers and firms.

Social Welfare Policy and an Income Subsidy Scheme

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Chim Richard Wong
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Welfare Policy ◽  
Income Redistribution ◽  
Social Welfare Policy ◽  
The West ◽  
Subsidy Scheme

When nearly a quarter of GDP is redistributed through a rag bag of measures, one should expect poverty to have been considerably alleviated in these societies, if not totally eliminated. But this has not been the case. Income inequality in the West has not improved and, in fact, has worsened in recent decades. Sociologists, economists, and political scientists agree that an underclass exists in Western societies. For decades, this was believed to affect mostly “minorities,” but recent evidence shows that many in the mainstream middle class are descending into the underclass. The ability of income redistribution in alleviating poverty has its limits. Poverty alleviation has to be tackled through another front – economic growth.

An Overview of Agriculture Development Programs for Poverty Reduction in Rural Areas

2021 ◽  
pp. 255-269
Author(s):  
Muhamad Rusliyadi ◽  
Wang Libin
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Strategy Development ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Integrated Rural Development

The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview description of important differences in agricultural development China and Indonesia in poverty reduction efforts in rural areas and some strategy. This chapter hopes to provide an objective picture of the development from agricultural sector level of evidence both Indonesia and China. China and Indonesia are agriculture-based countries with a program of integrated rural development as a whole to be a target of poverty reduction programs. Several farm programs related to poverty alleviation have been launched and had a good impact or significance, especially in China that is able to reduce extreme poverty from 30% in 1978 to less than 3% in 2008. Certainly many lessons can be obtained from this success, especially the concept and strategy development in rural China to be a reference of other states in its development model, especially for poverty alleviation programs.

Economic Inequality and Social Entrepreneurship

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 1150-1190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saurav Pathak ◽  
Etayankara Muralidharan
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Income Mobility ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Level Data

This article explores the extent to which income inequality and income mobility—both considered indicators of economic inequality and conditions of formal regulatory institutions (government activism)—facilitate or constrain the emergence of social entrepreneurship. Using 77,983 individual-level responses obtained from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) survey of 26 countries, and supplementing with country-level data obtained from the Global Competitiveness Report of the World Economic Forum, our results from multilevel analyses demonstrate that country-level income inequality increases the likelihood of individual-level engagement in social entrepreneurship, while income mobility decreases this likelihood. Further, income mobility negatively moderates the influence of income inequality on social entrepreneurship, such that the condition of low income mobility and high income inequality is a stronger predictor of social entrepreneurship. We discuss implications and limitations of our study, and we suggest avenues for future research.

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