Impact of Rural Roads in India: A Case Study Based on Spatial Data Analysis

The Government of India launched its National Rural Roads Program known as Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) to connect the 167 thousand unconnected villages in the country by all-weather roads to improve connectivity there. It is important to study the impact of such intervention on various socio-economic indicators of rural development there. This study assesses the impact of those roads on the different aspects of rural community. The assessment has been completed based on spatial visualisation of the impact created by various facility parameters in rural development using various questionnaires formed and applied on a few selected blocks. Spatial data was collected and integrated using open-source software (QGIS) and statistical analysis has been performed to understand the percentage change in socio-economic indicators related to education, healthcare, agriculture, marketing and employment opportunities which are essential elements of the integrated rural development in India. The analysis appears helpful in estimating the sensitivity of government policies in the context, and thus understanding the requirement of policy changes and implementation in rural India.

THREATS AND RISKS OF INTEGRATED RURAL DEVELOPMENT: THE STATE AND WAYS TO OVERCOME

В статье изложены результаты исследования факторов, влияющих на эффектив-ность государственного управления комплексным развитием сельских территорий. Де-лается вывод о целесообразности внедрения в практику государственного управления социально-экономическим развитием методологии и инструментов народно-хо-зяйственного планирования. The article outlines the results of a study of factors that affect the effectiveness of public administration in integrated rural development. It is concluded that it is appropriate to introduce in the practice of public administration socio-economic development methodology and tools of national economic planning.

Towards a multiscalar perspective on the prospects of ‘the actually existing smart village’ – a view from Hungary

This paper aims at expanding the scope of the dominantly pragmatic, local scale-oriented smart village scholarship towards a perspective that recognizes that smart village development is a multiscalar political process. To show the necessity of this move, the shaping of smart village policies and practices in Hungary is examined through a qualitative lens. As the authors argue, path-dependent structural obstacles and interscalar relations undermine the prospects of smart village building in the sense of bottom-up integrated rural development, and there is a risk of a bias towards technological innovation. This exploratory article, using Hungary as a case study, argues that smart village scholarship should draw on the results of critical smart city scholarship to acquire in-depth understanding of current debates regarding potential smart village developments.

RURAL MODEL OF INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT IN JAUNPUR DISTRICT AND PLANNING FOR INTEGRATED RURAL DEVELOPMENT

English: The research study area presented is "Rural Development Dynamics in Jaunpur District: A Geographical Study" under the rural model of industrial development and planning for integrated rural development. At present, rural agriculture, rural industry, business employment are the resources of rural development for social, economic, political development in the Indian rural area. India is a country of villages, so for the development of the villages, there is an urgent need for coordinated planning of small and cottage industrial development for rural development. "The glorious point of Jaunpur district from the past is in front of us on the peak of the Sultanate. According to historian Afrikan is not true. Jaunpur city was inhabited since ancient times and had the distinction of being the capital of an ancient Hindu kingdom. The ancient city of Jaunpur was named Javanpur. Ferozeshah Tughlaq laid the foundation of Jaunpur city on the banks of the Gomti River in 1394, in the full memory of his cousin Juna Kha (Mo. Binu Tughlaq), Yavanpur was named after the ancient sage Yamadagni who later converted to Jaunpur, which was renovated by Firoz Shah Tughlaq had. The policy is important for rural development. Hindi: प्रस्तुत शोध अध्ययन क्षेत्र ‘‘ जौनपुर जनपद में ग्राम्य विकास गतिकी: एक भौगोलिक अध्ययन ’’के अन्तर्गत औद्योगिक विकास का ग्राम्य प्रतिरूप तथा समन्वित ग्राम्य विकास हेतु नियोजन का अध्ययन है। वर्तमान समय में भारतीय ग्राम्य क्षेत्र में सामाजिक, आर्थिक, राजनैतिक विकास के लिए ग्राम्य कृषि , ग्राम्य उद्योग , व्यापार रोजगार ग्राम्य विकास का संसाधन है। भारत गॉवों का देश है अतः ग्राम्यों के विकास के लिए लघु एवं कुटीर औद्योगिक विकास का ग्राम्य विकास हेतु समन्वित नियोजन की अति आवश्यकता है। ‘‘ अतीत समय से जौनपुर जनपद गौरवमयी बिन्दुस्पर्शी सल्तनत होने के शिखर पर हमारे सामने है। इतिहासकार अफ्रीक के अनुसार सत्य नहीं है। जौनपुर नगर प्राचीन काल से ही बसा बसाया था और इसे एक प्राचीन हिन्दू राज्य की राजधानी होने का गौरव प्राप्त था। जौनपुर का प्राचीन नगर का नाम जवनपुर था। फिरोजशाह तुगलक अपने चचेरे भाई जूना खा ( मो0 बिनु तुगलक) की पूर्ण स्मृति में गोमती नदी के तट पर जौनपुर नगर की नींव 1394 रखी थी, प्राचीन ऋषि यमदग्नि के नाम पर यवनपुर रखा गया था जो आगे चलकर जौनपुर में परिवर्तित हो गया जिसका जीर्णोद्धार फिरोजशाह तुगलक ने किया था ।[1] आधुनिक समय में ग्रामीण विकास के लिए ग्राम्योद्योग एवं कृषि विकास के संसाधनों का विकास करके ग्राम्य क्षेत्रों में लोगों को शिक्षा के द्वारा समग्र रोजगार का प्रशिक्षण तकनीकी कौशल के माध्यम से ग्रामीण रोजगार उपलब्ध कराकर सम्पूर्ण ग्राम विकास हेतु समन्वित नियोजन की नीति ग्राम्य विकास के लिए महत्वपूर्ण है।

An Overview of Agriculture Development Programs for Poverty Reduction in Rural Areas

The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview description of important differences in agricultural development China and Indonesia in poverty reduction efforts in rural areas and some strategy. This chapter hopes to provide an objective picture of the development from agricultural sector level of evidence both Indonesia and China. China and Indonesia are agriculture-based countries with a program of integrated rural development as a whole to be a target of poverty reduction programs. Several farm programs related to poverty alleviation have been launched and had a good impact or significance, especially in China that is able to reduce extreme poverty from 30% in 1978 to less than 3% in 2008. Certainly many lessons can be obtained from this success, especially the concept and strategy development in rural China to be a reference of other states in its development model, especially for poverty alleviation programs.

Rural development of regions of the Republic of Serbia in terms of employment and sources of income

Integrated rural development enables linking agriculture with other economic activities whereby an adequate approach to regional development contributing to a more balanced development among regions. The aim of this research is to indicate that with the concept of integral rural development the differences between regions or rural and urban areas of Serbia could be reduced. Through the Kruskal-Wallis test for comparison of groups, the important differences were compared, where the results of research showed that they are very significant, especially between the Belgrade Region and the predominantly rural regions of Serbia. These differences can be overcome in rural areas if agriculture is more intensively linked with tertiary and secondary sectors.

Participatory analysis of sustainable land and water management practices for integrated rural development in Myanmar

Besides providing reliable water resources for agricultural production, rural development efforts in Myanmar should target rural water security in terms of safe water supply and sanitation, and by mitigating water-related hazards. However, very few studies are available over the status of water-related development in rural areas of the country, and consequently on suitable practical solutions. The present paper describes a participatory workshop undertaken involving 45 rural development officers of the Department of Rural Development (DRD) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation (MOALI), aimed at identifying suitable sustainable land and water management (SLWM) practices to be developed in rural areas of the country. Adoption of water safety plans (WSP), water harvesting, and soil and water bioengineering were strongly supported, while the need for improving water sanitation, especially in the poorest areas, was made evident. Insights of the participatory process confirmed that the poorest regions of Myanmar have also the worst water management structures. The results of the present work can represent baseline information and a needs assessment for future development projects in the country. However, there is a strong need for more studies and reports targeting marginalized rural contexts of Myanmar, to support equitable development.

WHY WE SHOULD TALK? THE POTENTIALS OF COMMUNITY DIALOG IN GROUNDING AN INTEGRATED RURAL DEVELOPMENT

Rural development is a social process. It involves local community in all stages of development. Community dialog is a means for facilitating community involvement in determining a development direction, potential development plan and development sus-tainability in the future. Frequently, local community is considered as the development target. This position puts them just being development watchers, spectators, silent and passive recipients. Moreover, these silent roles make them remain unempowered since they do not know how to determine their future, how to take part in collective decision and feel being neglected. This study examines potentials of community involvement in dialog. A qualitative research paradigm is adopted. The data are collected byrecording, transcribing and analyzing community dialog at Klagen, Nganjuk, Jawa Timur. The study finds that community dialog offers considerable potentials. The first potential of community dialog is generating local community commitment, awareness, sense of belongingness and supportive character to build their own homeland. These positive development psychological states,characters and ethos are soft human dimensions which can be critical drivers in rural development. The second is creation of local knowledge and scientific knowledge joint enabling innovation and collective learning process. This joint-knowledge allows the combination of local wisdom and scientific insight. The third is building shared or collective development vision and plan. This plan and vision allow the development prioritizing process and development of rural strength, potential competitive advantage and resource building. The fourth is expanding rural networking and exercising rural people capacity to build wider internal and external social relationship.