scholarly journals Trans-Boundary Haze Pollution in Southeast Asia: Sustainability through Plural Environmental Governance

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Islam ◽  
Yap Hui Pei ◽  
Shrutika Mangharam
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Haze Pollution

scholarly journals Environmental Studies of English School: Case Study of Forest Fires in Indonesia and Transboundary Haze in Southeast Asia

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Yanyan Mochamad Yani ◽  
Verdinand Robertua
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Environmental Studies ◽  
Ecological Crisis ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
English School ◽  
School Communities ◽  
Haze Pollution

Despite of its advantages in social dimension, English School still has limited articles on environmental issues. Many global ecological crisis has been dealt with constructivism and green theory because the failure of English Scholars to adopt new norms such as climate responsibility, sustainable development and environmental justice. This article would like to highlight the synthesis of the normative tensions and the regional studies within the environmental studies of English School using the case study of Indonesia ratification to ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution. Pluralism and solidarism will be the conceptual instruments in criticizing the blindness of environmental analysis in the English School communities and also constructing the environmental-friendly English School theory. There are two main conclusions in this article. Firstly, Indonesia ratification of ASEAN Agreement of Transboundary Haze Pollution, the emergence of domestic environmental legislation and the adoption of environmental responsibility marked the end of pluralist hegemony in environmental studies. Secondly, Indonesia ratification of AATHP is one of the foundations of regional environmental governance in Southeast Asia.

ASEAN Aggrement on Transboundary Haze Pollution. Effective ?

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Ligar Yogaswara ◽  
Ligar Yogaswara
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Asean Member ◽  
Haze Pollution ◽  
Asean Countries

This paper analyzes how ASEAN can deal with the haze problem caused by its member countries and then cross their borders so that it becomes a common focus in ASEAN countries. Then ASEAN made an agreement for its member countries with the aim of overcoming the haze problem which was referred to in the ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution. Based on the question of the effectiveness of the agreement, the authors assume that the agreement is considered ineffective in solving the haze problem in the Southeast Asia Region. The reason for this is considered to be due to a set of norms adopted by ASEAN member countries in the ASEAN Way. These norms then make member countries solve problems by adhering to the principles of the ASEAN Way including non-intervention, consensus and so on. Responding to problems in developing countries in ASEAN which tend to prioritize their economy, making environmental problems such as smog tend to be sidelined. Therefore, this paper will explain more about the effectiveness of the ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution in particular to address the haze problem in ASEAN member countries based on the ASEAN way.

scholarly journals Spatial–Temporal Heterogeneous Evolution of Haze Pollution in China as Deduced with the Use of Spatial Econometrics

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 7058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Hou ◽  
Shuang Zhang ◽  
Hongfeng Song ◽  
Fengshu Li
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Spatial Econometrics ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Western Area ◽  
Haze Pollution ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10

Haze Pollution, consisting essentially of PM2.5 and PM10, has been arousing wide public concern home and abroad. It has become a universal urgency for atmospheric researchers, governments, organizations, institutions, and the general public to conduct corresponding actions. Therefore, this paper aims to explore the institutional distribution and the regional evolution trend of path characteristics of haze pollution in China under the spatial–temporal heterogeneity on the basis of spatial econometrics, by incorporating the spatial element into the framework of the Multiple Influencing Factors mechanism. The results show that it has been abating under the governance year by year, though with a decreasing intensity; the major polluted regions have been moving from the East to the central and western area; there is significant spatial autocorrelation among the highly polluted area, but the effective local regulations of les- polluted regions do not impact the neighboring regions correspondingly; among the impacting factors, industrial structure, energy intensity, and traffic pollution have a significant Positive Impact on haze pollution, and the level of urbanization has a Negative Impact, while economic growth and innovation performance have no significant Positive Impact and are both weak in promotion. This research, theoretically and practically, offers reference for the Chinese government to integrate regional effective systems into multiregional diversified environmental governance, so as to realize its Green Ecology Transformation Development Strategy.

scholarly journals Haze Pollution Levels, Spatial Spillover Influence, and Impacts of the Digital Economy: Empirical Evidence from China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 9076
Author(s):  
Jie Zhou ◽  
Hanlin Lan ◽  
Cheng Zhao ◽  
Jianping Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Energy Structure ◽  
Spatial Spillover ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Haze Pollution

With the development of digital technologies such as the Internet and digital industries such as e-commerce, the digital economy has become a new form of economic and social development, which has brought forth a new perspective for environmental governance, energy conservation, and emission reduction. Based on data from 30 Chinese provinces from 2011 to 2018, this study applies the space and threshold models to empirically examine the digital economy’s influence on haze pollution and its spatial spillover. Furthermore, it investigates the spatial diffusion effect of regional digital economic development and haze pollution by constructing a spatial weight matrix. Subsequently, an instrumental variable robustness test is performed. Results indicate the following: (1) Haze pollution has spatial spillover effects and high emission aggregation characteristics, with haze pollution in neighbouring provinces significantly aggravating pollution levels in the focal province. (2) China’s digital economy has positively impacted haze pollution, with digital economic development having a significant effect (i.e., most prominent in eastern China) on reducing haze pollution. (3) Changing the energy structure and supporting innovation can restrain haze pollution, and the digital economy can reduce the path mechanism of haze pollution through the mediating effect of an advanced industrial structure. It shows a non-linear characteristic that the influence of haze reduction continues to weaken. Thus, policymakers should include the digital economy as a mechanism for ecologically sustainable development in haze pollution control.

scholarly journals Threshold Effect in the Relationship between Environmental Regulations and Haze Pollution: Empirical Evidence from PSTR Estimation

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12423
Author(s):  
Yonglian Chang ◽  
Yingjun Huang ◽  
Manman Li ◽  
Zhengmin Duan
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Environmental Regulations ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Threshold Effect ◽  
Smooth Transition ◽  
Threshold Effects ◽  
Regulatory Policies ◽  
Haze Pollution ◽  
The Impact

The impact of environmental regulations (ER) on haze pollution control has been continuously debated in the field of sustainable development. This paper explores the direct and indirect threshold effects of ER on haze pollution, and five underlying mechanisms—technological innovation (TI), industrial structure (IS), foreign direct investment (FDI), urbanization (UR), and electricity consumption (EC)—are adopted to investigate the indirect threshold effects. Panel data, over the period 2008–2018, of 284 Chinese cities were used and the threshold effects were predicted endogenously based on the panel smooth transition regression (PSTR) model. The results showed the following: (1) For the direct threshold effect, there exists a U-shaped relationship between ER and haze pollution. ER significantly reduced haze pollution when ER < 38.86 due to “cost effects”. However, ER increased haze pollution after the threshold owing to the “green paradox”, which was not significant. (2) For the indirect threshold effect, when TI = 0.37, IS = 39.61, FDI = 7.25, and UR = 42.86, the relationships between ER and haze pollution changed. The changes and corresponding reasons for the indirect threshold effects are discussed in detail. (3) After a comprehensive analysis, the threshold effects have obvious regional distribution characteristics and internal connections. Finally, based on the results, it is essential for governments to enact appropriate environmental regulatory policies and enhance inter-regional synergies in environmental governance.

scholarly journals Addressing Transboundary Haze Through Asean: Singapore’s Normative Constraints

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Muhamad Varkkey
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Environmental Crisis ◽  
Regional Approach ◽  
Haze Pollution ◽  
Normative Constraints ◽  
Peat Fires

Since 1982, Southeast Asia has experienced almost annual ‘haze’ pollution, caused by smoke from grass, forest and peat fires mostly in Indonesia. The haze affects the health of some 75 million people and the economies of six ASEAN nations. It is the region’s first transboundary environmental crisis that ASEAN is attempting to address collectively. ASEAN level interaction is often guided by the ASEAN Way, and a common debate is whether these norms constrain states from interacting effectively at the regional level. This paper will address this debate using interviews and material compiled during fieldwork in Singapore. While Singapore was one of the first countries to propose a common regional approach to the haze, this paper will illustrate how Singapore has in fact been constrained by the ASEAN Way while engaging with Indonesia and ASEAN. This is reflected in terms of its behavior at the ASEAN forum, statements made, and actions taken. As a result, Singapore has often resorted to other means of engagement, like bilateral and track-two engagement. As Singapore is one of the major ‘victims’ in this equation, this paper serves as important piece of the broader puzzle of why haze management in ASEAN has been less than effective.  

scholarly journals Towards extra-jurisdictional environmental management in combating transnational environmental crimes in Malaysia from a legal aspect

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.10) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Hanim Kamaruddin ◽  
Muhamad Azham Marwan
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
International Law ◽  
Legal Aspect ◽  
Environmental Crime ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Haze Pollution ◽  
Illegal Activities ◽  
National Boundaries ◽  
Ozone Depleting Substances ◽  
Environmental Crimes

Environmental deterioration in Southeast Asia region can be attributed to illegal logging and timber smuggling which contributes to deforestation, wildlife smuggling, black-market transactions in ozone-depleting substances and dumping of other forms of hazardous wastes and chemical, illegal open burning incidents that can lead to air pollution contributing to transnational impacts. Controlling activities that are taking place within one State resulting to environmental impacts in another State is not uncommon in environmental issues and thus, such activities are construed as environmental crimes at times. Hence, any illegal activities within another jurisdiction must be addressed efficiently as the conduct of such activities are becoming increasingly sophisticated and complex partly due to the nature of transnational activities that operate beyond national boundaries. This article will discuss transnational environmental crime in Malaysia and Southeast Asia region and assess the application of adopting extra-jurisdictional approach to combat transnational environmental crime by drawing the example from Singapore’s experience of passing the Transboundary Haze Pollution Act 2014 to tackle challenges of haze pollution that are caused by activities in another State. The finding of this article suggests that extra-jurisdictional legislation is a common management tool in international law based on the international principle of territorial sovereign applies to conduct of a State within its territory. There seemed to be an exception that stems from a principle known as ‘objective territoriality principle’ under international law that allows another State to make claims against another State that commits environmental crime resulting to transnational impacts. The efficiency of extra-jurisdictional approach will be analysed based on Malaysia’s experiences in tackling transnational environmental crimes by reviewing domestic policies, local legislations and relevant international agreements to ensure that environmental protection is sustained. 

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