scholarly journals Contrasting Toxin Selectivity between the Marine Pufferfish Takifugu pardalis and the Freshwater Pufferfish Pao suvattii

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Gao ◽  
Yoko Kanahara ◽  
Misako Yamada ◽  
Ryohei Tatsuno ◽  
Hiroyuki Yoshikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Species ◽  
The Body ◽  
Freshwater Species ◽  
Oral Gavage ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish Poison ◽  
Toxin Content ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish ◽  
Strong Contrast

To clarify the differences in toxin selectivity between marine and freshwater pufferfish, we conducted experiments in artificially reared nontoxic specimens of Takifugu pardalis (marine) and Pao suvattii (freshwater) using tetrodotoxin (TTX) and paralytic shellfish poison (PSP; decarbamoylsaxitoxin (dcSTX) or saxitoxin (STX)). T. pardalis specimens were administered feed homogenate containing TTX or dcSTX (dose of toxin, 55.2 nmol/fish) and P. suvattii specimens were administered feed homogenate containing TTX + STX (dose of each toxin, 19.2 nmol/fish) by oral gavage. The toxin content in the intestine, muscle, skin, liver, and gonads was quantified after 24 and 48 or 72 h. In T. pardalis, TTX administered into the intestine was absorbed into the body and transferred and retained mainly in the skin and liver, while dcSTX was hardly retained in the body, although it partly remained in the intestine. In strong contrast, in P. suvattii, little TTX remained in the body, whereas STX was absorbed into the body and was transferred and retained in the ovary and skin. The findings revealed that TTX/PSP selectivity differs between the marine species T. pardalis and the freshwater species P. suvattii. T. pardalis, which naturally harbors TTX, selectively accumulates TTX, and P. suvattii, which naturally harbors PSP, selectively accumulates PSP.

Studies on the Permeability To Water Of Selected Marine, Freshwater And Euryhaline Teleosts

1969 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 689-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID H. EVANS
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Water Permeability ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
The Body ◽  
Freshwater Species ◽  
Silver Eel ◽  
As Species

Measurements were made of the flux of tritiated water across various marine, freshwater and euryhaline teleosts. The effects of temperature, body size, species differences, salinity, stress and anaesthetization were studied. 2. The Q10 of the flux of water across teleosts is approximately 1·90 and the flux is related to the 0·88 power of the body weight. 3. All of the freshwater species studied were more permeable to water than the marine species. Euryhaline teleosts appear to have about the same permeability as species to which they are most closely related. 4. While the flounder and the yellow eel are more permeable to water in fresh water than in sea water, the silver eel and the brown trout do not change their permeability and the 3-spined stickleback is less permeable to water in fresh water than in sea water. 5. While stress markedly increases the permeability to water of large brown trout, it has no effect on small brown trout and seems to decrease the water permeability of the plaice. 6. Anaesthetization has no effect on the water permeability of the goldfish but markedly increases the permeability to water of the silver eel. 7. The relationship between the flux of water and either the drinking rate in sea water or the urine flow in fresh water is discussed.

Distribution of paralytic shellfish poison among Pyrrhophyta

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 479-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Schmidt ◽  
Alfred R. Loeblich
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Red Tide ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning ◽  
Special Consideration ◽  
Mouse Bioassay ◽  
Shellfish Poisoning ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish Poison ◽  
Toxic Species ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish

Using the mouse bioassay for paralytic shellfish poison (PSP), the distribution of toxicity among 23 dinoflagellate species was studied. Special consideration was given to red-tide-forming species and to those species previously implicated as causative organisms in paralytic shellfish poisoning. Among those investigated were ten marine species of the genus Gonyaulax, previously known to contain three toxic species. The presence of PSP was detected only in Gonyaulax species of the section Catenella. The amount of toxin varied in different species, ranging from 0.05 to 24 pg/cell. The amount of toxin per cell also varied with the phase of growth (exponential or stationary) in the New England red-tide species, G. tamarensis var. excavata Braarud.

Relationship between paralytic shellfish toxin content and sxtA gene copy number in different growth phases of Gymnodinium catenatum (Dinophyceae)

Toxicon ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armando Mendoza-Flores ◽  
Ignacio Leyva-Valencia ◽  
Francisco E. Hernández-Sandoval ◽  
Clara E. Galindo-Sánchez ◽  
Christine J. Band-Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Copy Number ◽  
Gene Copy Number ◽  
Gene Copy ◽  
Growth Phases ◽  
Toxin Content ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish Toxin ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish ◽  
Shellfish Toxin ◽  
Gymnodinium Catenatum

Thermal Degradation of Paralytic Shellfish Poison

1991 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 1572-1575 ◽  
Author(s):  
YUJI NAGASHIMA ◽  
TAMAO NOGUCHI ◽  
MUNEHIKO TANAKA ◽  
KANEHISA HASHIMOTO
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish Poison ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish

Acute toxicity of paralytic shellfish poison in rats of different ages

1966 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 286-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
James S. Watts ◽  
J. Reilly ◽  
F.M. DaCosta ◽  
S. Krop
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish Poison ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish ◽  
Different Ages

scholarly journals Prevalence of paralytic shellfish poison-producing Planktothrix agardhii and Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii in a Brazilian semi-arid reservoir

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismael Keslley Carloto Lopes ◽  
Mario Ubirajara Gonçalves Barros ◽  
Carlos João Pestana ◽  
José Capelo Neto
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Drinking Water Supply ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Cylindrospermopsis Raciborskii ◽  
Planktothrix Agardhii ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish Poison ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Semi Arid

Aim: The present study aimed to investigate the composition and toxicity of the phytoplankton in Sítios Novos reservoir, used mainly as drinking water supply for approximately 30,000 people.MethodsSamples were collected between January 2010 and June 2011.ResultsDuring this period 19 taxa of cyanobacteria and 22 of algae were identified. Out of 45 samples collected, algae accounted for no more than 10% of the quantified organisms in 44 samples. Cyanobacteria accounted for 100% of the organisms quantified in three samples and for 99% in other 29 samples. Among the cyanobacteria group, Planktothrix agardhii (Gomont) Anagnostidis & Komárek and Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (Woloszynska) Seenaya & Subbaraju prevailed and both strains were isolated and identified as paralytic shellfish poison (PSP) producers. C. raciborskii strain has shown to produce SXT and dcSXT while P. agardhii strain has shown to produce dcGTX2 or 3.ConclusionsTo the author’s knowledge, this is the first report of PSP-producer cyanobacteria species isolated in Northeastern Brazil and the first reported of a P. agardhii synthesizing dcGTX2/3.

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