scholarly journals Morphology and Phylogenetics of Benthic Prorocentrum Species (Dinophyceae) from Tropical Northwestern Australia

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjun Verma ◽  
Aniuska Kazandjian ◽  
Chowdhury Sarowar ◽  
D. Tim Harwood ◽  
J. Sam Murray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Subunit ◽  
First Record ◽  
Shellfish Poisoning ◽  
Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Motile Cells ◽  
Northwestern Australia ◽  
Culturing Conditions ◽  
The Given ◽  
North Western

Approximately 70 species of Prorocentrum are known, of which around 30 species are associated with benthic habitats. Some produce okadaic acid (OA), dinophysistoxin (DTX) and their derivatives, which are involved in diarrhetic shellfish poisoning. In this study, we isolated and characterized Prorocentrum concavum and P. malayense from Broome in north Western Australia using light and scanning electron microscopy as well as molecular sequences of large subunit regions of ribosomal DNA, marking the first record of these species from Australian waters. The morphology of the motile cells of P. malayense was similar to P. concavum in the light microscopy, but differed by the smooth thecal surface, the pore pattern and the production of mucous stalk-like structures and a hyaline sheath around the non-motile cells. P. malayense could also be differentiated from other closely related species, P. leve and P. foraminosum, despite the similarity in thecal surface and pore pattern, by its platelet formula and morphologies. We tested the production of OA and DTXs from both species, but found that they did not produce detectable levels of these toxins in the given culturing conditions. This study aids in establishing more effective monitoring of potential harmful algal taxa in Australian waters for aquaculture and recreational purposes.

Development of Certified Reference Materials for Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning Toxins, Part 2: Shellfish Matrix Materials

2016 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 1163-1172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pearse McCarron ◽  
Kelley L Reeves ◽  
Sabrina D Giddings ◽  
Daniel G Beach ◽  
Michael A Quilliam
Keyword(s):  
Reference Materials ◽  
Matrix Effects ◽  
Certified Reference Materials ◽  
Standard Addition ◽  
Tissue Homogenate ◽  
Shellfish Poisoning ◽  
Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning ◽  
Preliminary Work ◽  
Seafood Industry ◽  
Human Illness

Abstract Okadaic acid (OA) and its analogs, dinophysistoxins-1 (DTX1) and -2 (DTX2) are lipophilic biotoxins produced by marine algae that can accumulate in shellfish and cause the human illness known as diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP). Regulatory testing of shellfish is required to protect consumers and the seafood industry. Certified reference materials (CRMs) are essential for the development, validation, and quality control of analytical methods, and thus play an important role in toxin monitoring. This paper summarizes work on research and development of shellfish tissue reference materials for OA and DTXs. Preliminary work established the appropriate conditions for production of shellfish tissue CRMs for OA and DTXs. Source materials, including naturally incurred shellfish tissue and cultured algae, were screened for their DSP toxins. This preliminary work informed planning and production of a wet mussel (Mytilus edulis) tissue homogenate matrix CRM. The homogeneity and stability of the CRM were evaluated and found to be fit-for-purpose. Extraction and LC-tandem MS methods were developed to accurately certify the concentrations of OA, DTX1, and DTX2 using a combination of standard addition and matrix-matched calibration to compensate for matrix effects in electrospray ionization. The concentration of domoic acid was also certified. Uncertainties were assigned following standards and guidelines from the International Organization for Standardization. The presence of other toxins in the CRM was also assessed and information values are reported for OA and DTX acyl esters.

Tupinambine teiids from the middle Miocene of north-western Patagonia (Argentina)

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago Brizuela ◽  
Adriana María Albino
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Middle Miocene ◽  
First Record ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
North Western

Abstract Remains of teiids assignable to the Tupinambinae (Tupinambis sp. or Crocodilurus sp.) are here described from the middle Miocene Collón Curá Formation at Cañadón del Tordillo, in Neuquén province, Argentina. No tupinambine species presently inhabits the region of the fossil locality. The fossils represent the westernmost distribution of fossil tupinambine teiids in Patagonia, enlarging the known geographical distribution of the teiids through the Miocene in a longitudinal range. Also, they constitute the first record of lizards from the Colloncuran SALMA, partially filling the record of tupinambine teiids for the South American Miocene.

Little-known arctic species Montacuta spitzbergensis (Bivalvia: Montacutidae) from the north-western Pacific with notes on Montacuta substriata and Tellimya ferruginosa

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gennady M. Kamenev
Keyword(s):  
Sea Of Okhotsk ◽  
First Record ◽  
Western Pacific ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Species ◽  
The North ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
North Western ◽  
North Western Pacific

An expanded description of a little-known arctic species Montacuta spitzbergensis from the Sea of Okhotsk with new data on its morphology, ecology and geographical distribution is given. This is the first record of M. spitzbergensis from the north-western Pacific. It differs from other species of Montacuta in its large (to 8.4 mm), elongate–ovate, thick shell with wide, slightly curved hinge plate, wide, short, and shallow resilifer, and weakly developed external ligament. This species occurs in the Arctic Ocean (Spitsbergen, Barents, Kara, Laptev and Chukchi Seas) and the Pacific Ocean (Sea of Okhotsk) at depths from 9 to 232 m at a bottom temperature from −1.62°C to +2.50°C. The hinge structure of the type species of the genera Montacuta and Tellimya is also discussed.

scholarly journals Балцкія элементы ў граматыцы традыцыйных мясцовых гаворак паўночна‑заходняй Беларусі

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 51-59
Author(s):  
Вера [Vera] Астрэйка [Astrėĭka]
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
North West ◽  
Language Support ◽  
The North ◽  
The Status ◽  
Formal Level ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Language Assimilation ◽  
The Given ◽  
North Western

The Baltic elements in the grammar of traditional local dialects of north-western BelarusThe article analyzes a number of grammatical features typical for the North-West dialect zone of the Belarusian language. These peculiarities are interpreted as a possible result of Slavic-Baltic contacts in the region. Some phenomena can be explained as a Baltic (mainly (great)Lithuanian) substratum in North-West Belarusian dialects.The factor of areal neighborhood has to be taken into consideration too. Such phenomenon as language support has effect just in connection with the last one. A lot of the appropriate lingual facts are in restricted and inconsistent use. However, it is possible to be said about more or less significant (now or/and before) tendencies of regional lingual development. These tendencies has not got the status of a structural (= constitutional) lingual regularity. As a rule the wide and compact areas are characterized of some lingual facts (= lexemes), which illustrate the given transformations in the system of Belarusian dialects. Baltic influence upon the North-West Belarusian dialects grammar is detected on as the formal level so the structural one. And it is not noticeable at all times. The definite changes in the sphere of morphology and syntax can provoke different modifications in the other parts of a language system (word building, semantics). The results of this process are the evidences of ethnic and language assimilation of native Balts by Slavs in the region. That comes in support of forming the singular North-West Belarusian regiolect (= the regionally marked variety of a dialect language). Балтийские грамматические элементы в говорах северо-западной БеларусиВ статье анализируется ряд грамматических черт, характерных для говоров северо-западной диалектной зоны беларусского языка. Эти особенности квалифицируются автором как весьма вероятное следствие славяно-балтского языкового взаимодействия в соответствующем регионе. Отдельные явления есть основания рассматривать в качестве возможного проявления балтского (главным образом (пра-) литовского) субстрата в северо-западных беларусских говорах. Фактор ареальной смежности здесь также должен быть принят во внимание. В связи с последним следует упомянуть и действие феномена языковой поддержки. Многие соответствующие языковые факты имеют существенные ограничения в употреблении, в говорах выступают не всегда последовательно и регулярно. В некоторых случаях, однако, можно говорить о действии более или менее выраженных (в настоящем и/или прошлом) тенденций регионального языкового развития, которые пока не приобрели статус структурно значимой (= конститутивной) языковой закономерности. Широкие и компактные ареалы образуют, как правило, лишь отдельные языковые факты (= лексемы), иллюстрирующие данные трансформации в системе традиционных беларусских говоров. Балтское влияние на грамматический строй беларусских говоров северо-западной диалектной зоны выявляется как в плане формального выражения, так и на внутриструктурном уровне. Оно не всегда может быть заметно на первый взгляд. Определенные сдвиги в сфере морфологии и синтаксиса могут повлечь за собой изменения в других областях языковой системы (словообразовании, семантике). Результаты этого процесса являются ярким свидетельством того, что на отмеченной территории действительно имела место этноязыковая ассимиляция неславянского (= балтского) населения и происхо- дило формирование своеобразного северо-западного беларусского региолекта (= регионально обусловленной разновидности диалектной речи).

Diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) toxins in South Australian shellfish

Harmful Algae ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas L. Madigan ◽  
Ken G. Lee ◽  
David J. Padula ◽  
Paul McNabb ◽  
Andrew M. Pointon
Keyword(s):  
Shellfish Poisoning ◽  
Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning ◽  
Dsp Toxins

Two new rock-inhabiting species of Cyphellophora from karst habitats in China

Phytotaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 397 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
WEI SUN ◽  
BINGJIE LIU ◽  
RONG FU ◽  
XINGZHONG LIU ◽  
MEICHUN XIANG
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Rock Inhabiting Fungi ◽  
Karst Habitats

During survey on rock-inhabiting fungi from karst habitats in Guizhou, China, two new species in Cyphellophora were discovered and identified. Phylogenetic analysis based on combined sequences of the nuclear large subunit (nucLSU) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA revealed that the tested isolates, clustered into two clades that well affiliated in the genus of Cyphellophora. Morphological characteristics were also supported the estabolishment of the new species. Herewith Cyphellophora botryose sp. nov. and Cyphellophora guizhouensis sp. nov. were described and their differences from closely related species were discussed.

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