Deoxynivalenol Occurrence in Triticale Crops in Romania during the 2012–2014 Period with Extreme Weather Events

This article aims to evaluate deoxynivalenol occurrence in triticale crops in Romania in years with extreme weather events (2012: Siberian anticyclone with cold waves and heavy snowfall; 2013 and 2014: “Vb” cyclones with heavy precipitation and floods in spring). The deoxynivalenol level in triticale samples (N = 236) was quantified by ELISA. In Romania, the extreme weather events favoured deoxynivalenol occurrence in triticale in Transylvania and the southern hilly area (44–47°N, 22–25°E) with a humid/balanced-humid temperate continental climate, luvisols and high/very high risk of floods. Maximum deoxynivalenol contamination was lower in the other regions, although heavy precipitation in May–July 2014 was higher, with chernozems having higher aridity. Multivariate analysis of the factors influencing deoxynivalenol occurrence in triticale showed at least a significant correlation for all components of variation source (agricultural year, agricultural region, average of deoxynivalenol, average air temperature, cumulative precipitation, soil moisture reserve, aridity indices) (p-value < 0.05). The spatial and geographic distribution of deoxynivalenol in cereals in the countries affected by the 2012–2014 extreme weather events revealed a higher contamination in Central Europe compared to southeastern and eastern Europe. Deoxynivalenol occurrence in cereals was favoured by local and regional agroclimatic factors and was amplified by extreme weather events.

Download Full-text

Extreme Weather Events and Its Impacts on Rice Production in Coastal Odisha Region of India

10.21203/rs.3.rs-728031/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

S Vijayakumar ◽

A.K. Nayak ◽

N. Manikandan ◽

Suchismita Pattanaik ◽

Rahul Tripathi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Extreme Events ◽

Heavy Precipitation ◽

Extreme Weather ◽

Significant Trend ◽

Extreme Weather Events ◽

Positive Trend ◽

Rice Grain ◽

Weather Events ◽

Precipitation And Temperature

Abstract The study investigates trend in extreme daily precipitation and temperature over coastal Odisha, India. 18 weather indices (8 related to temperature and 10 related to rainfall) were calculated using RClimDex software package for the period 1980–2010 . Trend analysis was carried out using linear regression and non-parametric Mann-Kendall test to find out the statistical significance of various indices. Results indicated, a strong and significant trend in temperature indices while the weak and non-significant trend in precipitation indices. The positive trend in Tmax mean, Tmin mean, TN90p (warm nights), TX90p (warm days), diurnal temperature range (DTR), warm spell duration indicator (WSDI), consecutive dry days (CDD) indicates increasing the frequency of warming events in coastal Odisha. Similarly, positive trend in highest maximum 1-day precipitation (RX1), highest maximum 2 consecutive day precipitation (RX2), highest maximum 3 consecutive day precipitation (RX3), highest maximum 5 consecutive day precipitation (RX5), number of heavy precipitation days (≥64.5mm), number of very heavy precipitation days (≥124.5mm) and negative trend in the number of rainy days (R2.5mm), consecutive wet days (CWD) indicate changes toward the more intense and poor distribution of precipitation in coastal Odisha. The combined effect of precipitation and temperature extreme events showed negative effects on rice grain yield. With the increasing number of extreme events there was sharp decline in rice grain yield was observed in the same year in all the coastal districts. This study emphasizes the need for new technology/management practice to minimize the impacts of extreme weather events on rice yield.

Download Full-text

Trois phénomènes météorologiques exceptionnels durant l'automne 2020

La Météorologie ◽

10.37053/lameteorologie-2021-0031 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 115

Author(s):

Michaël Kreitz

Keyword(s):

Heavy Precipitation ◽

Extreme Weather ◽

Extreme Weather Events ◽

Precipitation Event ◽

Heavy Precipitation Event ◽

Weather Events

Durant cet automne 2020, la France est concernée par trois phénomènes météorologiques exceptionnels. Tout d'abord, le 19 septembre, un épisode cévenol intense apporte 700 mm en 12 heures sur la région de Valleraugue. Puis, le 1er octobre, la tempête Alex traverse le nord-ouest de la France, où les rafales atteignent 186 km/h à Belle-Île-en-Mer en raison de la présence d'un sting jet. Le lendemain, un nouvel épisode fortement précipitant déverse localement 500 mm de pluie sur les Alpes-Maritimes. Ces trois phénomènes ont tous relevé d'une vigilance rouge. During fall 2020, France is concerned by three extreme weather events. First, on september 19th , an intense cévenol event brings 700 mm in 12 hours over Valleraugue area. Then, on October the 1 st , Alex windstorm crosses northwestern France where gusts reach 186 km/h over Belle-Île-en-Mer because of the occurrence of a sting jet. The day after, a new heavy precipitation event spills a 500 mm rainfall locally over Alpes-Maritimes. All those three events received a red warning.

Download Full-text

Impacts of extreme weather events on transport infrastructure in Norway

10.5194/nhess-2017-437 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Regula Frauenfelder ◽

Anders Solheim ◽

Ketil Isaksen ◽

Bård Romstad ◽

Anita V. Dyrrdal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Debris Flows ◽

Climate Models ◽

Heavy Precipitation ◽

Extreme Weather ◽

Transport Infrastructure ◽

Extreme Weather Events ◽

Local Climate ◽

Weather Events ◽

Interdisciplinary Research Project ◽

Heavy Rainfall Events

Abstract. This paper presents selected results of the interdisciplinary research project Impacts of extreme weather events on infrastructure in Norway (InfraRisk) carried out between 2010 to 2013, as part of the program NORKLIMA (2004 2013) of the Research Council of Norway (RCN). The project has systematized large amounts of existing data and generated new results that are important for our handling of risks associated with future extreme weather and natural hazards threatening the transport infrastructure in Norway. The results of the InfaRisk project range widely, from the establishment of trends in key weather elements to studies of human response to threats from extreme weather. The analyses of weather elements have provided a clearer understanding of the trends in the development of extreme weather. The studies are based on both historical data and available future scenarios (projections) from climate models. Compared to previous studies, we calculated changes in climate variables that are particularly important in relation to nature hazards. Overall, the analyses document an increase in frequency as well as intensity of both precipitation and wind. Results of projections show that the observed changes will continue throughout this century. We could also identify large regional differences, with some areas experiencing, e.g., a reduction in the intensity of heavy rainfall events. However, most of the country will experience the opposite, i.e., both increased intensity and increased frequency of heavy precipitation. Our analyses show that at least 27 per cent of Norwegian roads and 31 per cent of railroads are exposed to rock fall and snow avalanches hazards. The project has also assessed relationships between different parameters that can affect the likelihood of debris flows. Variables such as terrain slope and size of watercourses are important, while local climate, which varies widely in Norway, determines threshold values for rainfall that can trigger debris flows.

Download Full-text

Vietnam Climate Change and Health Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment, 2018

Environmental Health Insights ◽

10.1177/1178630220924658 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 ◽

pp. 117863022092465

Author(s):

Tran Thi Tuyet Hanh ◽

Le Thi Thanh Huong ◽

Nguyen Thi Lien Huong ◽

Tran Nu Quy Linh ◽

Nguyen Huu Quyen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

High Risk ◽

Adaptive Capacity ◽

Health Sector ◽

Extreme Weather ◽

Extreme Weather Events ◽

Weather Events ◽

Health Vulnerability ◽

The World ◽

Very High

Background: The Global Climate Risk Index 2020 ranked Vietnam as the sixth country in the world most affected by climate variability and extreme weather events over the period 1999-2018. Sea level rise and extreme weather events are projected to be more severe in coming decades, which, without additional action, will increase the number of people at risk of climate-sensitive diseases, challenging the health system. This article summaries the results of a health vulnerability and adaptation (V&A) assessment conducted in Vietnam as evidences for development of the National Climate Change Health Adaptation Plan to 2030. Methods: The assessment followed the first 4 steps outlined in the World Health Organization’s Guidelines in conducting “Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessments.” A framework and list of indicators were developed for semi-quantitative assessment for the period 2013 to 2017. Three sets of indicators were selected to assess the level of (1) exposure to climate change and extreme weather events, (2) health sensitivity, and (3) adaptation capacity. The indicators were rated and analyzed using a scoring system from 1 to 5. Results: The results showed that climate-sensitive diseases were common, including dengue fever, diarrheal, influenza, etc, with large burdens of disease that are projected to increase. From 2013 to 2017, the level of “exposure” to climate change–related hazards of the health sector was “high” to “very high,” with an average score from 3.5 to 4.4 (out of 5.0). For “health sensitivity,” the scores decreased from 3.8 in 2013 to 3.5 in 2017, making the overall rating as “high.” For “adaptive capacity,” the scores were from 4.0 to 4.1, which meant adaptive capacity was “very low.” The overall V&A rating in 2013 was “very high risk” (score 4.1) and “high risk” with scores of 3.8 in 2014 and 3.7 in 2015 to 2017. Conclusions: Adaptation actions of the health sector are urgently needed to reduce the vulnerability to climate change in coming decades. Eight adaptation solutions, among recommendations of V&A assessment, were adopted in the National Health Climate Change Adaptation Plan.

Download Full-text

ESD Reviews: Extreme Weather and Societal Impacts in the Eastern Mediterranean

10.5194/esd-2021-55 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Assaf Hochman ◽

Francesco Marra ◽

Gabriele Messori ◽

Joaquim G. Pinto ◽

Shira Raveh-Rubin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Pressure ◽

Red Sea ◽

Heat Waves ◽

Eastern Mediterranean ◽

Heavy Precipitation ◽

Extreme Weather ◽

Extreme Weather Events ◽

Weather Events ◽

Societal Impacts ◽

Wind Storms

Abstract. Gaining a holistic understanding of extreme weather, from its physical drivers to its impacts on society and ecosystems, is key to supporting future risk reduction and preparedness measures. Here, we provide an overview of the state-of-the-art, knowledge gaps and key open questions in the study of extreme weather events over the vulnerable eastern Mediterranean. This region is situated in a transition zone between subtropical and mid-latitude climates. Extreme weather is mainly governed by the large-scale atmospheric circulation and its interaction with regional synoptic systems, i.e., Cyprus Lows, Red Sea Troughs, Persian Troughs, ‘Sharav’ Lows, and high-pressure systems. Complex orographic features further play an important role in the generation of extreme weather. Most extreme weather events, including heavy precipitation, cold spells, floods and wind storms, are associated with a Cyprus Low or Active Red Sea Trough, whereas heat waves are related with either the Persian Trough and Sub-Tropical High-pressure systems in summer, or the ‘Sharav’ Low during spring time. Heat waves and droughts are projected to significantly increase in both frequency and intensity. In future decades, changes in heavy precipitation frequency and intensity may vary in sign and magnitude depending on the scale, severity and region of interest. There are still relatively large uncertainties concerning the physical understanding and the projected changes of cold spells, wind storms and compound events, as these types of events received comparatively little attention in the literature. We further identify knowledge gaps that relate to the societal impacts of extreme weather. These gaps mainly relate to the effects extreme weather may have on mortality, morbidity and infrastructure in the eastern Mediterranean. Research is currently limited in this context, and we call to strengthen the database of analyzed case-studies. We trust that this can only be suitably accomplished by inter-disciplinary and international regional collaborations, in spite of political unrest.

Download Full-text

Vulnerability and adaptability of sanitation systems to climate change

Journal of Water and Climate Change ◽

10.2166/wcc.2014.003 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 487-495 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Anjali Manandhar Sherpa ◽

Thammarat Koottatep ◽

Christian Zurbrügg ◽

Guéladio Cissé

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Action Research ◽

Heavy Precipitation ◽

Extreme Weather ◽

Treatment System ◽

Extreme Weather Events ◽

Urine Diversion ◽

Weather Events ◽

The Face ◽

Sanitation Systems

Climate change is among the major challenges that are increasing the risk of extreme weather events, such as increases in the strength and frequency of heavy precipitation, floods, and drought. Technologies currently promoted for improving access to sanitation are vulnerable to climate-related threats. In today's context where nearly 2.5 billion people do not have access to sanitation, climate change is an additional hurdle in ensuring them access. Climate change, its impact on sanitation systems and their scope of adaptation must be addressed to accelerate sustainable sanitation coverage. This paper attempts to analyse the vulnerability and potential adaptability of certain sanitation systems with a focus on floods and will provide guidance on systems selection. The waterless system with urine diversion has the components necessary to cope with a flood situation, while the waterless system with alternating pits and the pour flush system with twin pits are less suitable. The (semi-)centralized treatment system is the least adaptable system. This paper recommends action research on the vulnerability and adaptability of sanitation systems in order to make informed choices based on future climatic projections to ensure sustainable sanitation systems in the face of climate change.

Download Full-text