scholarly journals High Resistance of Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. in Blood and Stool Cultures from the Sukraraj Tropical and Infectious Disease Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal, 2015−2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Anup Bastola ◽  
Prajjwal Pyakurel ◽  
Rajan Bikram Rayamajhi ◽  
Saugat Shrestha ◽  
Pruthu Thekkur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Infectious Disease Hospital ◽  
Shigella Spp ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Disease Hospital ◽  
Stool Cultures ◽  
Culture Positive

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an increasing global concern, particularly in Southeast Asian countries like Nepal. The aim of this study was to determine the proportion of Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. among culture-positive bacterial isolates in blood and stool samples from 2015 to 2019 and their AMR pattern. Routinely collected data were abstracted from medical records and laboratory electronic databases of the Sukraraj Tropical and Infectious Disease Hospital (STIDH), Kathmandu, Nepal. All culture-positive bacterial isolates from blood and stool samples were included in the study. Among 390 blood cultures positive for bacterial isolates, Salmonella spp. were isolated in 44%, with S. Typhi being the most frequent (34%). Antibiotic resistance was demonstrated among Salmonella spp. to ciprofloxacin (68%), ofloxacin (16%), amoxicillin (13%) and cotrimoxazole (5%). Of the 357 stool cultures positive for bacterial isolates, the proportion of Shigella spp. isolated was 31%. Antibiotic resistance among Shigella spp. was demonstrated to cotrimoxazole (59%), tetracycline (40%), amoxicillin (38%) and ciprofloxacin (25%). Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. were the most predominant organisms among all the bacterial isolates in blood and stool cultures, respectively. Nalidixic acid was the antibiotic to which both Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. were most resistant.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial susceptibilities of enteric bacterial pathogens isolated in Kathmandu, Nepal, during 2002-2004

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (03) ◽  
pp. 163-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Palpasa Kansakar ◽  
Pankaj Baral ◽  
Sarala Malla ◽  
Gokarna Raj Ghimire
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Shigella Dysenteriae ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Shigella Species ◽  
National Public Health ◽  
Shigella Spp ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Culture Positive ◽  
Vibrio Spp

Introduction: The prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the bacterial enteropathogens Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella species and Shigella species were investigated. Methodology: A total of 877 stool samples were received for culture at the National Public Health Laboratory (NPHL), Kathmandu, Nepal, during January 2002 to December 2004, from diarrhoea patients attending Shukraraj Tropical Infectious Hospital and referral outpatients. All samples collected were processed for isolation and antibiotic susceptibility testing of Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. Results: Of the 877 stool samples, 148 (16.8%) were culture positive for one of the three bacterial enteropathogens investigated. Among them, Vibrio cholerae, Shigella spp. and Salmonella spp. accounted for 98/877 (11.1%), 41/877 (4.6%), 9/877 (1.02%) of the isolates respectively. A year-to-year variation was seen in the type of predominant organism, with Shigella spp. being the most prevalent in 2002 and 2003 and Vibrio spp. in 2004. In all three years, Vibrio cholerae were encountered only during the months of April to June while Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. were isolated throughout the whole year. All Vibrio cholerae and Salmonella isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin.  All Shigella isolates were susceptible to ceftriaxone. Ciprofloxacin resistance was observed among isolates of Shigella dysenteriae type-1 isolated after 2003. Conclusion: Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella and Shigella infections are prevalent in Kathmandu, Nepal. A gradual increase in resistance to commonly used antimicrobials was seen among bacterial enteropathogens. Antimicrobial resistance surveillance is necessary to guide empirical treatment.

scholarly journals Clinical Mortality Review of COVID-19 Patients at Sukraraj Tropical and Infectious Disease Hospital, Nepal; A Retrospective Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Anup Bastola ◽  
Sanjay Shrestha ◽  
Richa Nepal ◽  
Kijan Maharjan ◽  
Bikesh Shrestha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Secondary Infection ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Infectious Disease Hospital ◽  
Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Disease Hospital

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has challenged the health system worldwide, including the low and middle income countries like Nepal. In view of the rising number of infections and prediction of multiple waves of this disease, mortalities due to COVID-19 need to be critically analyzed so that every possible effort could be made to prevent COVID-19 related mortalities in future. Main aim of this research was to study about the mortalities due to COVID-19 at a tertiary level hospital, in Nepal. This was a retrospective, observational study that included all inpatients from Sukraraj Tropical and Infectious Disease Hospital, who were reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction positive for SARS-COV-2 and died during hospital stay from January 2020 till January 2021. Medical records of the patients were evaluated. Out of 860 total admissions in a year, there were 50 mortalities in the study center. Out of 50 mortalities, majority were males (76%) with male to female ratio of 3.17:1. Most were above 65 years of age (72%) and had two or more comorbidities (64%). The most common comorbidities among the patients who had died during hospital stay were hypertension (58%) followed by diabetes mellitus (50%) and chronic obstructive airway disease (24%). The median duration from the symptom onset to death was 18 days, ranged from the minimum of 2 days till maximum of 39 days. D-dimer was found to be >1 mg/L in 58% cases and ferritin was >500 ng/ml in 42% patients at presentation. A total of 42% patients had thrombocytopenia, 80% patients had lymphocytopenia and 60% had Neutrophil to Lymphocyte ratio >11.75 with the mean NLR of 18.38. Of total mortalities, 16% patients also showed microbiological evidence of secondary infection; Male gender, age more than 65 years, multiple comorbidities with lymphocytopenia, elevated Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio and elevated inflammatory markers were risk factors found in majority of mortalities in our study. These findings could be utilized for early triage and risk assessment in COVID-19 patients so that aggressive treatment strategies could be employed at the earliest to reduce mortalities due to COVID-19 in future.

scholarly journals Establishment and Application of Hospital BIM Based on Point Cloud and Image Fusion for Infectious Disease (Novel Corona Virus Pneumonia)

CONVERTER ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
Guizhen He, Jun Yang, Qixiang Nie
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
High Precision ◽  
Point Cloud ◽  
Texture Mapping ◽  
Hospital Infection ◽  
Infectious Disease Hospital ◽  
The Real ◽  
Processing Level ◽  
Disease Hospital ◽  
Whole Life Cycle

Since neither a single high-precision 3D coordinate laser point cloud nor a oblique image of high-precision spectral information can make the computer understand the data as human, in order to accurately and completely understand the object in the real world, in this paper, the fusion of the point cloud and the oblique image is studied for the understanding and application of the real object buildings by establishing a BIM model. Firstly, point cloud data and image data are acquired by different data acquisition methods. Laser point cloud and oblique image are fused by installation parameters so that geometric elements are consistent and benchmark is unified. Processing level is not limited to element level only, so as to ensure the integrity of information, and the fused mutual information remains consistent in scale, texture and direction. Secondly, under the condition of space-time synchronization, the relationship between point cloud and image in geometric space is established, and the alternating "energy transfer" is used for shape prediction and visual filling by matching under texture mapping constraints to enhance the semantic information of the 3D scene. Finally, a 3D building information model is established. Using the experimental results to track the whole life cycle (design, construction, operation) in real time saves the cost of building rework, reduces the building cycle, and improves the building accuracy. Especially based on BIM during Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia: analyze hospital space resource management and elastic function; construct medical unit model of infectious disease hospital; simulate and optimize medical process in infectious disease hospital; rapidly construct prefabricated infectious disease emergency hospital; simulate hospital infection path and dynamics; the auxiliary design and construction of infectious disease treatment in existing hospitals; The monitoring analysis and automatic control of hospital infection safety operation.

Five-year (January 2004–December 2008) surveillance on animal bite and rabies vaccine utilization in the Infectious Disease Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Vaccine ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 1036-1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moazzem Hossain ◽  
Tania Bulbul ◽  
Kamruddin Ahmed ◽  
Ziauddin Ahmed ◽  
Mohammad Salimuzzaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Rabies Vaccine ◽  
Infectious Disease Hospital ◽  
Disease Hospital

scholarly journals Isolation and quantification of indicator and pathogenic microorganisms along with their drug resistance traits from bottled and jar water samples within Dhaka city, Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-14
Author(s):  
Md Aftab Uddin ◽  
Mst Aysha Siddiqua ◽  
Mst Sadia Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Shigella Spp

Commercial drinking water may serve as potential threat to public health if these items are contaminated with a number of pathogenic microorganisms due to faulty manufacturing process. Present study attempted to isolate and quantify the microorganisms from various jar and bottle water samples collected from various areas of Dhaka city. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of suspected bacterial isolates were also determined in this study. Out of the eighteen samples studied, ten were jar water samples and eight were bottled water samples. The range of total viable bacterial count (TVBC) in these samples ranged from 102 to 105 cfu/ml. Specific pathogens such as, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Vibrio spp. and fecal coliforms could not be found in these samples. However coliforms could be detected in 10 samples. The antibiogram study showed that all Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. isolates found from these samples were sensitive against gentamicin (10 μg) and azithromycin (30 μg). Variable antibiotic resistance among these bacterial isolates was detected against cefotaxime (30 μg), streptomycin (10 μg) and erythromycin (15 μg). Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.9(1) 2019: 12-14

scholarly journals Prevalence of HBV and HIV coinfection from an infectious disease hospital in Mumbai

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (S3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayanthi Shastri ◽  
Nita Gangurde ◽  
Manish Pathak ◽  
Sandhya Sawant ◽  
Sachee Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Infectious Disease Hospital ◽  
Hiv Coinfection ◽  
Disease Hospital
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