scholarly journals Immune-Escape Hepatitis B Virus Mutations Associated with Viral Reactivation upon Immunosuppression

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Lazarevic ◽  
Ana Banko ◽  
Danijela Miljanovic ◽  
Maja Cupic
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Immune Escape ◽  
Major Complication ◽  
Viral Reactivation ◽  
Hbv Reactivation ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
B Virus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Gene Variability

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation occurs as a major complication of immunosuppressive therapy among persons who have recovered from acute hepatitis and those who have controlled chronic infection. Recent literature data emphasize the presence of a high degree of S gene variability in HBV isolates from patients who developed reactivation. In reactivated HBV, the most frequently detected mutations belong to the second loop of “a” determinant in HBsAg. These mutations were identified to be immune escape and responsible for vaccine- and diagnostic-escape phenomena. Their emergence clearly provides survival in the presence of a developed humoral immune response and is often associated with impaired serological diagnosis of HBV reactivation. The knowledge of their existence and roles can elucidate the process of reactivation and strongly highlights the importance of HBV DNA detection in monitoring all patients with a history of HBV infection who are undergoing immunosuppression. This review discusses the possible influence of the most frequently found immune-escape mutations on HBV reactivation.

scholarly journals Symptomatic Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Reactivation despite Reduced Viral Fitness Is Associated with HBV Test and Immune Escape Mutations in an HIV‐Coinfected Patient

2008 ◽  
Vol 198 (11) ◽  
pp. 1620-1624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelia Henke‐Gendo ◽  
Samad Amini‐Bavil‐Olyaee ◽  
Deepthi Challapalli ◽  
Christian Trautwein ◽  
Heidi Deppe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Immune Escape ◽  
Viral Fitness ◽  
Hbv Reactivation ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Coinfected Patient

scholarly journals Roles of Hepatitis B Virus Mutations in the Viral Reactivation after Immunosuppression Therapies

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Inoue ◽  
Takuya Nakamura ◽  
Atsushi Masamune
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Immune Escape ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Viral Reactivation ◽  
Circular Dna ◽  
Hbv Replication ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Amino Acid Mutations

Reactivation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major problem in patients receiving chemotherapy for malignant diseases or immunosuppression therapies. It has been thought that a reduction in the immune responses might result in the reactivation of HBV replication from covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) residing in hepatocytes. However, not only the host’s immune status, but also viral mutations have been reported to be associated with reactivation. Especially, several case reports about amino acid mutations in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) that escape from immune reactions have been reported, and recent reports showed that the frequencies of such mutations are higher than previously expected. In this review, we summarize the characteristics of viral mutations, including immune escape mutations in HBV-reactivated patients, and discuss their significance.

scholarly journals New Markers in Monitoring the Reactivation of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Immunocompromised Hosts

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Svicher ◽  
Romina Salpini ◽  
Vincenzo Malagnino ◽  
Lorenzo Piermatteo ◽  
Mohammad Alkhatib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Immunosuppressive Treatment ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Viral Reactivation ◽  
Hbv Reactivation ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
B Virus ◽  
New Biomarkers ◽  
Immunocompromised Hosts

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) persistence is at the basis of HBV reactivation as a consequence of chemotherapy and immunosuppressive treatments. The identification of early viral replication indicators and markers of effective HBV immunological control would be useful in monitoring patients who are at risk of potential viral reactivation during the course of immunosuppressive treatment. Currently, international guidelines have shared some criteria to identify patients with a low, medium or high risk of HBV reactivation; however, permanently placing a patient in a definitive category is not always easy. More often, patients move from one category to another during the course of their immunosuppressive treatment; therefore, in many cases, there are no precise indicators or tools for monitoring possible reactivation and establishing the duration and suspension of antiviral prophylaxis. Historically, the sequence of HBV antigens and antibodies and HBV DNA levels has been used to evaluate the different stages of the acute and chronic phases of an HBV infection. In the last few years, new biomarkers, such as anti-HBs and anti-HBc titres, HBV core-related antigen (HBcrAg), ultra-sensitive HBsAg evaluation and HBV RNA, have been used in patients with an HBV infection to evaluate their diagnostic and prognostic potential. The aim of this review is to evaluate the published results on the use of new infection markers in the diagnosis and monitoring of HBV reactivation over the course of immunosuppressive treatments. Moreover, the importance of viral genotypic studies was emphasized, given the diagnostic and therapeutic implications of the mutational profiles of HBsAg during the HBV reactivation phase.

scholarly journals Hematological Malignancies and HBV Reactivation: Suggestions for Clinical Management

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Zannella ◽  
Massimo Marignani ◽  
Paola Begini
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hematological Malignancies ◽  
Immunosuppressive Drugs ◽  
Viral Reactivation ◽  
Hbv Reactivation ◽  
Virus Reactivation ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus Reactivation ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Clinical Consequences

It is well known that the event of hepatitis B virus reactivation can occur among patients undergoing treatment for hematological malignancies. In this paper we will present the available data regarding the risk of hepatitis B virus reactivation in this special population of immunosuppressed patients and explore the relevance of an accurate prevention and management of this condition. A computerized literature search was performed using appropriate terms arrangement, including English-written literature only or additional relevant articles. The evaluation of hepatitis B reactivation risk is a multidimensional process, which includes conducting an accurate clinical and physical history, considering the virological categories, the knowledge of the medication chosen to treat these hematological malignancies and the induced grade of immunosuppression. Adopting adequate preventive strategies and surveillance according to the current international recommendations is crucial to prevent HBVr and its dire clinical consequences (hepatitis, liver failure, interruption of lifesaving anti-neoplastic treatments). Universal HBV screening of patients scheduled to undergo treatment for hematological malignancies should be the chosen policy, and clinicians should be aware of the inherent risk of viral reactivation among the different virological categories and the classes of immunosuppressive drugs.

Hepatitis B virus persistence and reactivation

BMJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. m2200
Author(s):  
Yu Shi ◽  
Min Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Viral Reactivation ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Hbv Reactivation ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Hbv Replication ◽  
B Virus

AbstractHepatitis B virus (HBV) infection causes chronic hepatitis and has long term complications. Individuals ever infected with HBV are at risk of viral reactivation under certain circumstances. This review summarizes studies on HBV persistence and reactivation with a focus on the definitions and mechanisms. Emphasis is placed on the interplay between HBV replication and host immunity as this interplay determines the patterns of persistence following viral acquisition. Chronic infections exhibit as overt persistence when a defective immune response fails to control the viral replication. The HBV genome persists despite an immune response in the form of covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) and integrated DNA, rendering an occult state of viral persistence in individuals whose infection appears to have been resolved. We have described HBV reactivation that occurs because of changes in the virus or the immune system. This review aims to raise the awareness of HBV reactivation and to understand how HBV persists, and discusses the risks of HBV reactivation in a variety of clinical settings.

scholarly journals Reactivation of Hepatitis B Virus With Immune-Escape Mutations After Ocrelizumab Treatment for Multiple Sclerosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria R Ciardi ◽  
Marco Iannetta ◽  
Maria A Zingaropoli ◽  
Romina Salpini ◽  
Marianna Aragri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Immune Escape ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Hbv Reactivation ◽  
Optimal Management ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Anti Cd20

Abstract Ocrelizumab is an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) that is closely related to rituximab. We describe a case of hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation in an MS patient with resolved HBV infection receiving ocrelizumab. HBV reactivation was monitored with HBV-DNA and HBV surface antigen periodic assessment. Anti-HBV treatment with entecavir was started after HBV-DNA detection. Ocrelizumab can reactivate viral replication in patients with resolved HBV infection. HBV reactivation monitoring seems an effective and safe option for the management of these patients. More studies are needed to assess the optimal management of HBV reactivation in MS patients on ocrelizumab treatment.

scholarly journals Hepatitis B virus infection and its associated factors among medical waste collectors at public health facilities in eastern Ethiopia: a facility-based cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Degu Abate Mengiste ◽  
Abebe Tolera Dirbsa ◽  
Behailu Hawulte Ayele ◽  
Tewodros Tesfa Hailegiyorgis
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Medical Waste ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
B Virus ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background The risk of hepatitis B virus infection among medical waste handlers who undergo collection, transportation, and disposal of medical wastes in the health institutions is higher due to frequent exposure to contaminated blood and other body fluids. There is limited evidence on the seroprevalence of hepatitis B among medical waste handlers in eastern Ethiopia. The study was aimed at studying the seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Virus and associated risk factors among medical waste collectors at health facilities of eastern Ethiopia. Methods A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among randomly selected medical waste collectors from public health facilities in eastern Ethiopia from March to June 2018. A pre-tested and well-structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics and hepatitis B infection risk factors. A2.5ml venous blood was also collected, centrifuged and the serum was analyzed for hepatitis B surface antigen using the instant hepatitis B surface antigen kit. Descriptive summary measures were done. Chi-square and Fisher exact tests were used to assess the risk of association. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted with 95% CI and all value at P-value < 0.05 was declared statistically significant. Results From a total of 260 (97.38%) medical waste collectors participated, HBV was detected in 53 (20.4%) of the participants [95%CI; 15.8, 25.6]. No significant differences were observed in the detection rates of HBV with respect to socio-demographic characteristics. In both bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis, being unvaccinated (AOR = 6.35; 95%CI = [2.53–15.96], P = 0.001), history of blood transfusion (receiving) (AOR; 3.54; 95%CI; [1.02–12.24], P = 0.046), history of tattooing (AOR = 2.86; 95%CI = [1.12–7.27], p = 0.03), and history of multiple sexual partner (AOR = 10.28; 95%CI = [4.16–25.38], P = 0.001) remained statistically significantly associated with HBsAg positivity. Conclusion This cross-sectional study identified that HBV infection is high among medical waste collectors in eastern Ethiopia. Immunization and on job health promotion and disease prevention measures should be considered in order to control the risk of HBV infection among medical waste collectors in eastern Ethiopia.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document