scholarly journals Insights into Sensing of Murine Retroviruses

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 836
Author(s):  
Eileen A. Moran ◽  
Susan R. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Adaptive Immunity ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Genetic Tool ◽  
Causes Of Disease ◽  
Retrovirus Infection ◽  
Insight Into

Retroviruses are major causes of disease in animals and human. Better understanding of the initial host immune response to these viruses could provide insight into how to limit infection. Mouse retroviruses that are endemic in their hosts provide an important genetic tool to dissect the different arms of the innate immune system that recognize retroviruses as foreign. Here, we review what is known about the major branches of the innate immune system that respond to mouse retrovirus infection, Toll-like receptors and nucleic acid sensors, and discuss the importance of these responses in activating adaptive immunity and controlling infection.

Dangerous liaisons: the role of “danger” signals in the immune response to gene therapy

Blood ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 1133-1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian D. Brown ◽  
David Lillicrap
Keyword(s):  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Danger Signals ◽  
Novel Model ◽  
Insight Into

Recent studies in gene transfer suggest that the innate immune system plays a significant role in impeding gene therapy. In this review, we examine factors that might influence the recruitment and activation of the innate system in the context of gene therapy. We have adopted a novel model of immunology that contends that the immune system distinguishes not between self and nonself, but between what is dangerous and what is not dangerous. In taking this perspective, we provide an alternative and complementary insight into some of the failures and successes of current gene therapy protocols.

scholarly journals Regulation of Adaptive Immunity by the Innate Immune System

Science ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 327 (5963) ◽  
pp. 291-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Iwasaki ◽  
R. Medzhitov
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Adaptive Immunity ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune

scholarly journals Phenoloxidase activity and haemolymph cytology in honeybees challenged with a virus suspension (deformed wings virus DWV) or phosphate buffered suspension (PBS)

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Millanta ◽  
Simona Sagona ◽  
Maurizio Mazzei ◽  
Mario Forzan ◽  
Alessandro Poli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Additional Stress ◽  
Varroa Mite ◽  
Virus Suspension ◽  
Phenoloxidase Activity ◽  
Cell Immunity

ABSTRACT: The innate immune system of honeybees mainly consists in antimicrobial peptides, cellular immunity and melanisation. In order to investigate the immune response of honeybees to immune stressors, three stress degrees were tested. Newly emerged bees naturally DWV-infected were collected from a Varroa mite-free apiary and divided into three experimental groups: naturally DWV infected bees, PBS injected bees, and artificially DWV super infected bees. Phenoloxidase activity and haemolymph cellular subtype count were investigated. Phenoloxidase activity was highest (P<0.05) in DWV-superinfected bees, and the haemocyte population differed within the three observed groups. Although, immune responses following DWV infection have still not been completely clarified, this investigation sheds light on the relation between cell immunity and the phenoloxidase activity of DWV-naturally infected honeybees exposed to additional stress such as injury and viral superinfection.

Nucleic Acid Recognition by the Innate Immune System

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Barbalat ◽  
Sarah E. Ewald ◽  
Maria L. Mouchess ◽  
Gregory M. Barton
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune

Abstract 526: Cancer immunoediting by the innate immune system in the absence of adaptive immunity

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Bui ◽  
Timothy O'Sullivan ◽  
Robert Saddawi-Konefka ◽  
William Vermi ◽  
Mark Smyth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Adaptive Immunity ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Cancer Immunoediting

scholarly journals P53 and The Immune Response: 40 Years of Exploration—A Plan for the Future

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnold J. Levine
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
P53 Protein ◽  
P53 Gene ◽  
T Cell Response ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Transplantation Antigen ◽  
Mutant Form ◽  
The Future

The p53 field was born from a marriage of the techniques of cancer virus research and immunology. Over the past 40 years, it has followed the path of cancer research. Now cancer treatments are turning to immunotherapy, and there are many hints of the role of the p53 protein in both the regulation of the innate immune system and as an antigen in adaptive immune responses. The p53 gene and protein are part of the innate immune system, and play an important role in infectious diseases, senescence, aging, and the surveillance of repetitive DNA and RNAs. The mutant form of the p53 protein in cancers elicits both a B-cell antibody response (a tumor antigen) and a CD-8 killer T-cell response (a tumor-specific transplantation antigen). The future will take the p53-immune response field of research into cancer immunotherapy, autoimmunity, inflammatory responses, neuro-degeneration, aging, and life span, and the regulation of epigenetic stability and tissue regeneration. The next 40 years will bring the p53 gene and its proteins out of a cancer focus and into an organismic and environmental focus.

scholarly journals Toward a structural understanding of nucleic acid-sensing Toll-like receptors in the innate immune system

FEBS Letters ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 591 (20) ◽  
pp. 3167-3181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhikuan Zhang ◽  
Umeharu Ohto ◽  
Toshiyuki Shimizu
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Toll Like Receptors

scholarly journals Insights into Innate Immune Response Against SARS-CoV-2 Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-269
Author(s):  
Adina Huțanu ◽  
Anca Meda Georgescu ◽  
Akos Vince Andrejkovits ◽  
William Au ◽  
Minodora Dobreanu
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Interferon Response ◽  
Humoral Factors ◽  
Key Steps

Abstract The innate immune system is mandatory for the activation of antiviral host defense and eradication of the infection. In this regard, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, macrophages, neutrophils representing the cellular component, and cytokines, interferons, complement or Toll-Like Receptors, representing the mediators of unspecific response act together for both activation of the adaptive immune response and viral clearance. Of great importance is the proper functioning of the innate immune response from the very beginning. For instance, in the early stages of viral infection, the defective interferon response leads to uncontrolled viral replication and pathogen evasion, while hypersecretion during the later stages of infection generates hyperinflammation. This cascade activation of systemic inflammation culminates with cytokine storm syndrome and hypercoagulability state, due to a close interconnection between them. Thus an unbalanced reaction, either under- or over- stimulation of the innate immune system will lead to an uncoordinated response and unfavorable disease outcomes. Since both cellular and humoral factors are involved in the time-course of the innate immune response, in this review we aimed to address their gradual involvement in the antiviral response with emphasis on key steps in SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document