scholarly journals Immunopotentiating and Delivery Systems for HCV Vaccines

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 981
Author(s):  
Alexander K. Andrianov ◽  
Thomas R. Fuerst
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Current State ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Vaccine Antigens ◽  
Assembly Behavior ◽  
Cellular Immune

Development of preventive vaccines against hepatitis C virus (HCV) remains one of the main strategies in achieving global elimination of the disease. The effort is focused on the quest for vaccines capable of inducing protective cross-neutralizing humoral and cellular immune responses, which in turn dictate the need for rationally designed cross-genotype vaccine antigens and potent immunoadjuvants systems. This review provides an assessment of the current state of knowledge on immunopotentiating compounds and vaccine delivery systems capable of enhancing HCV antigen-specific immune responses, while focusing on the synergy and interplay of two modalities. Structural, physico-chemical, and biophysical features of these systems are discussed in conjunction with the analysis of their in vivo performance. Extreme genetic diversity of HCV-a well-known hurdle in the development of an HCV vaccine, may also present a challenge in a search for an effective immunoadjuvant, as the effort necessitates systematic and comparative screening of rationally designed antigenic constructs. The progress may be accelerated if the preference is given to well-defined molecular immunoadjuvants with greater formulation flexibility and adaptability, including those capable of spontaneous self-assembly behavior, while maintaining their robust immunopotentiating and delivery capabilities.

scholarly journals A Combined Adjuvant TF–Al Consisting of TFPR1 and Aluminum Hydroxide Augments Strong Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses in Both C57BL/6 and BALB/c Mice

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1408
Author(s):  
Qiao Li ◽  
Zhihua Liu ◽  
Yi Liu ◽  
Chen Liang ◽  
Jiayi Shu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Inbred Mouse ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Recombinant Hbsag ◽  
Cellular Immune

TFPR1 is a novel adjuvant for protein and peptide antigens, which has been demonstrated in BALB/c mice in our previous studies; however, its adjuvanticity in mice with different genetic backgrounds remains unknown, and its adjuvanticity needs to be improved to fit the requirements for various vaccines. In this study, we first compared the adjuvanticity of TFPR1 in two commonly used inbred mouse strains, BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice, in vitro and in vivo, and demonstrated that TFPR1 activated TLR2 to exert its immune activity in vivo. Next, to prove the feasibility of TFPR1 acting as a major component of combined adjuvants, we prepared a combined adjuvant, TF–Al, by formulating TFPR1 and alum at a certain ratio and compared its adjuvanticity with that of TFPR1 and alum alone using OVA and recombinant HBsAg as model antigens in both BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. Results showed that TFPR1 acts as an effective vaccine adjuvant in both BALB/c mice and C57BL/6 mice, and further demonstrated the role of TLR2 in the adjuvanticity of TFPR1 in vivo. In addition, we obtained a novel combined adjuvant, TF–Al, based on TFPR1, which can augment antibody and cellular immune responses in mice with different genetic backgrounds, suggesting its promise for vaccine development in the future.

Heat shock protein 70 / MAGE-1 tumor vaccine can enhance the potency of MAGE-1–specific cellular immune responses in vivo

2004 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 825-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Ye ◽  
Guang-Sheng Chen ◽  
Hong-Ping Song ◽  
Zeng-Shan Li ◽  
Ya-Yu Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Heat Shock Protein ◽  
Heat Shock Protein 70 ◽  
Tumor Vaccine ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Cellular Immune

Enhancement of antibody and cellular immune responses to malaria DNA vaccines by in vivo electroporation

Vaccine ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (36) ◽  
pp. 6635-6645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlota Dobaño ◽  
Georg Widera ◽  
Dietmar Rabussay ◽  
Denise L. Doolan
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Dna Vaccines ◽  
In Vivo Electroporation ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Cellular Immune

Mannan Antigen of Candida Albicans and Cellular Immune Responses in Vitro and in Vivo

1988 ◽  
pp. 185-196
Author(s):  
Anne Durandy ◽  
Alain Fischer ◽  
Edouard Drouhet ◽  
Claude Griscelli
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Cellular Immune

scholarly journals Plasmid DNA Vaccine-Elicited Cellular Immune Responses Limit In Vivo Vaccine Antigen Expression through Fas-Mediated Apoptosis

2007 ◽  
Vol 178 (9) ◽  
pp. 5652-5658 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Greenland ◽  
Ralf Geiben ◽  
Sharmistha Ghosh ◽  
William A. Pastor ◽  
Norman L. Letvin
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Dna Vaccine ◽  
Plasmid Dna ◽  
Antigen Expression ◽  
Vaccine Antigen ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Plasmid Dna Vaccine ◽  
Cellular Immune

scholarly journals The Efficacy of a Long-Acting Injectable Selenium Preparation Administered to Pregnant Ewes and Lambs

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1076
Author(s):  
Stanisław Milewski ◽  
Przemysław Sobiech ◽  
Justyna Błażejak-Grabowska ◽  
Roman Wójcik ◽  
Katarzyna Żarczyńska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Animal Care

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a long-acting selenium (Se) preparation administered to sheep. The experiment was conducted on 30 dams and 36 lambs divided into three equal groups of 10 dams and 12 lambs each: Control—C, and two experimental groups—E (Se administered to pregnant ewes) and EI (Se administered directly to lambs after the colostral period). The Se preparation (Barium Selenate Injection, BVP Animal Care, 50 mg/mL) was administered by injection at 1 mL/50 kg (1 mg Se/kg) body weight (BW) to group E ewes in the third month of pregnancy (between 70 and 90 days) and to group EI lambs between 4 and 7 days of age. The following parameters were determined: Se concentration in the blood of ewes, milk yield, milk composition, Se concentration in milk; hematological, biochemical, and immunological parameters and Se concentration in the blood of lambs; growth rate and in vivo measurements of lean meat and fat content in lambs. Barium selenate significantly improved the Se status of dams and lambs, regardless of whether it was administered to pregnant ewes or directly to lambs in the first week of their life. The milk of ewes receiving the Se preparation was characterized by higher concentrations of fat and dry matter. The Se preparation induced significant changes in immunological parameters, thus enhancing defense mechanisms in lambs. The Se preparation exerted more stimulatory effects on humoral and cellular immune responses when administered directly to lambs after the colostral period (group EI) than to pregnant ewes (group E). The results of this study indicate that the long-acting Se preparation delivers benefits to sheep by boosting their immunity and, therefore, improving performance.

scholarly journals Deglycosylation of the 45/47-Kilodalton Antigen Complex of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Decreases Its Capacity To Elicit In Vivo or In Vitro Cellular Immune Responses

1999 ◽  
Vol 67 (11) ◽  
pp. 5567-5572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Félix Romain ◽  
Cynthia Horn ◽  
Pascale Pescher ◽  
Abdelkader Namane ◽  
Michel Riviere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Antigen Complex ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Living Bacteria

ABSTRACT A protection against a challenge with Mycobacterium tuberculosis is induced by previous immunization with living attenuated mycobacteria, usually bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). The 45/47-kDa antigen complex (Apa) present in culture filtrates of BCG of M. tuberculosis has been identified and isolated based on its ability to interact mainly with T lymphocytes and/or antibodies induced by immunization with living bacteria. The protein is glycosylated. A large batch of Apa was purified from M. tuberculosis culture filtrate to determine the extent of glycosylation and its role on the expression of the immune responses. Mass spectrometry revealed a spectrum of glycosylated molecules, with the majority of species bearing six, seven, or eight mannose residues (22, 24, and 17%, respectively), while others three, four, or five mannoses (5, 9, and 14%, respectively). Molecules with one, two, or nine mannoses were rare (1.5, 3, and 3%, respectively), as were unglycosylated species (in the range of 1%). To eliminate the mannose residues linked to the protein, the glycosylated Apa molecules were chemically or enzymatically treated. The deglycosylated antigen was 10-fold less active than native molecules in eliciting delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions in guinea pigs immunized with BCG. It was 30-fold less active than native molecules when assayed in vitro for its capacity to stimulate T lymphocytes primed in vivo. The presence of the mannose residues on the Apa protein was essential for the antigenicity of the molecules in T-cell-dependent immune responses in vitro and in vivo.

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