scholarly journals The Regulatory Microenvironment in Feathers of Chickens Infected with Very Virulent Marek’s Disease Virus

Viruses ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
Jegarubee Bavananthasivam ◽  
Nadiyah Alqazlan ◽  
Mohammadali Alizadeh ◽  
Ayumi Matsuyama-Kato ◽  
Jake Astill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Beta ◽  
T Regulatory Cells ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Death Receptor ◽  
Marek's Disease Virus ◽  
Marek's Disease ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Marek’S Disease Virus ◽  
Marek’S Disease

Vaccines against Marek’s disease can protect chickens against clinical disease; however, infected chickens continue to propagate the Marek’s disease virus (MDV) in feather follicles and can shed the virus into the environment. Therefore, the present study investigated if MDV could induce an immunoregulatory microenvironment in feathers of chickens and whether vaccines can overcome the immune evasive mechanisms of MDV. The results showed an abundance of CD4+CD25+ and CD4+ transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)+ T regulatory cells in the feathers of MDV-infected chickens at 21 days post-infection. In contrast, vaccinated chickens had a lower number of regulatory T cells. Furthermore, the expression of TGF-β and programmed cell death receptor (PD)-1 increased considerably in the feathers of Marek’s disease virus-infected chickens. The results of the present study raise the possibility of an immunoregulatory environment in the feather pulp of MDV-infected chickens, which may in turn favor replication of infectious MDV in this tissue. Exploring the evasive strategies employed by MDV will facilitate the development of control measures to prevent viral replication and transmission.

Isolation and identification of Marek’s disease virus (MDV) from feather follicle epithelium and internal organs of diseased chickens in Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
Aly El-Kenawy ◽  
Mohamed El-Tholoth ◽  
Emad A
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Marek's Disease Virus ◽  
Marek's Disease ◽  
Marek’S Disease Virus ◽  
Marek’S Disease ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Feather Follicle ◽  
Positive Results

In the present study, a total of 16 samples including feather follicle epithelium, ovary, spleen and kidney (4 samples for each organ) were collected from diseased chicken flocks suspected to be infected with Marek’s disease virus (MDV) at Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt during the period from October 2016 to October 2017. Each sample was pooled randomly from three to five birds (90 to 360 days old). The isolation of the suspected virus from the collected samples was carried out via chorioallantoic membranes (CAMs) of 12 days old embryonated chicken eggs (ECEs). Three egg passages were carried out for each sample. Hyperimmune serum was prepared against standard MDV. MDV in both field and egg passaged samples (after 3rd passage) was identified by agar gel precipitation test (AGPT) and indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT). Molecular identification of virus was carried out by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real- time PCR in four selected samples. The results revealed that 14 samples (87.5%) including 4 (100%) samples from feather follicle epithelium, ovary and kidney and 2 (50%) samples from spleen, showed positive results in virus isolation after 3rd passage. The positive results percentage by AGPT for field samples were 50% (8 out of 16 samples), while after the 3rd passage in ECEs were 37.5% (6 out of 16 samples) and the positive results percentage by IFAT for field samples were 62.5% (10 out of 16 samples), while after the 3rd passage in ECEs were 81.25 % (13 out of 16 samples). Viral nucleic acid was detected in all selected samples by conventional and real- time PCR. The results indicate that feather follicle epithelium is the best organ for MDV detection. IFAT is superior over AGPT in virus detection. Conventional and real - time PCR could be efficiently used for molecular detection of the virus.

scholarly journals Comprehensive profiling analysis of the N6-methyladenosine-modified circular RNA transcriptome in cultured cells infected with Marek’s disease virus

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aijun Sun ◽  
Rui Wang ◽  
Shuaikang Yang ◽  
Xiaojing Zhu ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Circular Rna ◽  
Marek's Disease Virus ◽  
Marek's Disease ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Marek’S Disease Virus ◽  
Marek’S Disease ◽  
Pathway Analyses ◽  
Profiling Analysis

AbstractMarek’s disease virus (MDV) induces severe immunosuppression and lymphomagenesis in the chicken, its natural host, and results in a condition that investigated the pathogenesis of MDV and have begun to focus on the expression profiling of circular RNAs (circRNAs). However, little is known about how the expression of circRNAs is referred to as Marek’s disease. Previous reports have is regulated during MDV replication. Here, we carried out a comprehensive profiling analysis of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification on the circRNA transcriptome in infected and uninfected chicken embryonic fibroblast (CEF) cells. Methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeRIP-Seq) revealed that m6A modification was highly conserved in circRNAs. Comparing to the uninfected group, the number of peaks and conserved motifs were not significantly different in cells that were infected with MDV, although reduced abundance of circRNA m6A modifications. However, gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses revealed that the insulin signaling pathway was associated with the regulation of m6A modified circRNAs in MDV infection. This is the first report to describe alterations in the transcriptome-wide profiling of m6A modified circRNAs in MDV-infected CEF cells.

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