scholarly journals The Impact of Mandatory Vaccination Law in Italy on MMR Coverage Rates in Two of the Largest Italian Regions (Emilia-Romagna and Sicily): An Effective Strategy to Contrast Vaccine Hesitancy

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Gori ◽  
Claudio Costantino ◽  
Anna Odone ◽  
Beatrice Ricci ◽  
Magda Ialonardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Mmr Vaccine ◽  
Information Campaigns ◽  
Coercive Measures ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Italian Regions ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Coverage Rates ◽  
The Impact

Background: Vaccine hesitancy has increased worldwide, leading to reduction in vaccination coverage rates. In particular, reduction in the coverage for the trivalent Measles-Mumps-Rubella vaccine has led to an increase of measles cases. The aim of this study is to analyze the coverage rates for the MMR vaccine in the Emilia-Romagna Region (RER) and Sicily Region (SR) between 2009 and 2018, and to correlate any significant change to index events which could have modified the trend of vaccination rates. Methods: Official aggregate data on vaccination coverage at 24 months provided by the RER and the SR were analyzed through trend analysis and related to important index events. Results: The two regions showed similar results; both achieved the lowest coverage rates in 2015 and both showed an increase in the rates after the introduction of mandatory vaccinations for access to schools. In 2018, both reached the starting point before the decrease. Conclusions: Our results confirm the effectiveness of legislative coercive measures in favor of vaccination. A potential decrease in the coverage rates may be observed as a result of an attenuation of the positive effects of coercive measures over time. It is thus necessary to combine these measures together with information campaigns and political initiatives at different levels (i.e., national, regional).

Public Engagement and Policy Entrepreneurship on Social Media in the Time of Anti-Vaccination Movements

2020 ◽  
pp. 60-80
Author(s):  
Melodie Yunju Song
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Public Engagement ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Competing Values ◽  
Mmr Vaccine ◽  
The Public ◽  
Coverage Rates

North America has experienced a resurgence of measles outbreak due to unprecedentedly low Mumps-Measles and Rubella vaccination coverage rates facilitated by the anti-vaccination movement. The objective of this chapter is to explore the new online public space and public discourse using Web 2.0 in the public health arena to answer the question, ‘What is driving public acceptance of or hesitancy towards the MMR vaccine?' More specifically, typologies of online public engagement will be examined using MMR vaccine hesitancy as a case study to illustrate the different approaches used by pro- and anti-vaccine groups to inform, consult with, and engage the public on a public health issue that has been the subject of long-standing public debate and confusion. This chapter provides an overview of the cyclical discourse of anti-vaccination movements. The authors hypothesize that anti-vaccination, vaccine hesitant, and pro-vaccination representations on the online public sphere are reflective of competing values (e.g., modernism, post-modernism) in contemporary society.

scholarly journals Compulsory vaccination policies: a systematic review about knowledge, attitudes and believes

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
G Voglino ◽  
M R Gualano ◽  
F Bert ◽  
E Olivero ◽  
M Corezzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Compulsory Vaccination ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Coverage Rates ◽  
Mandatory Vaccination ◽  
Low Coverage

Abstract Background Vaccine hesitancy is a considerable issue in European Countries and leads to low coverage rates. Consequently, the implementation of national immunization programmes including the introduction of compulsory vaccination are required. It is interesting to determine citizens’ knowledge, attitudes and believes about vaccination policies, in order to more effectively define vaccination programs. Methods The present study systematically reviewed published studies evaluating attitudes towards mandatory vaccination programs. PubMed and Scopus scientific databases were searched and 4,198 results were returned, of these 29 met the inclusion criteria. PRISMA statements were followed. Results Twenty-two studies assessed attitudes towards mandatory vaccination programs in general, while 9 papers focused specifically on the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) vaccine. Most of the studies were performed in Europe and North America. According to the assessed studies, the majority of the population seems to be in favour of compulsory vaccinations, from 53% to 97% for different vaccination programs. More resistance has been recorded for the HPV vaccination: the percentage of agreement for mandatory HPV vaccinations ranged from 27% to 63.5%. Furthermore, some studies investigated healthcare workers’ attitudes towards childhood and adult vaccinations. They pointed out that the general population is generally more in favour of mandatory vaccination policies than healthcare workers. The studies highlighted that the support to mandatory policies increased after their implementations. Conclusions The results presented in this review could be an important starting point to further understand the issue of vaccine hesitancy and support the implementation of effective vaccination strategies in Europe. Key messages Mandatory vaccination policies are generally well accepted among general population. More resistance is recorded for specific vaccination (HPV) or among specific population (healthcare workers).

scholarly journals Nurses’ Perceptions Of MMR Vaccine Hesitancy In An Area With Low Vaccination Coverage

2019 ◽  
Vol Volume 10 ◽  
pp. 177-182
Author(s):  
Asha Jama ◽  
Ann Lindstrand ◽  
Mona Ali ◽  
Robb Butler ◽  
Asli Kulane
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Mmr Vaccine ◽  
Nurses Perceptions

Public Engagement and Policy Entrepreneurship on Social Media in the Time of Anti-Vaccination Movements

2017 ◽  
pp. 38-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melodie Yun-Ju Song ◽  
Julia Abelson
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Public Engagement ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Competing Values ◽  
Mmr Vaccine ◽  
The Public ◽  
Coverage Rates

North America has experienced a resurgence of measles outbreak due to an unprecedentedly low Mumps-Measles and Rubella vaccination coverage rates facilitated by the anti-vaccination movement. The objective of this chapter is to explore the new online public space and public discourse using Web 2.0 in the public health arena to answer the question ‘What is driving public acceptance of or hesitancy towards the MMR vaccine?' More specifically, typologies of online public engagement will be examined using MMR vaccine hesitancy as a case study to illustrate the different approaches used by pro- and anti-vaccine groups to inform, consult with and engage the public on a public health issue that has been the subject of long-standing public debate and confusion. This chapter provides an overview of the cyclical discourse of anti-vaccination movements. The authors hypothesize that anti-vaccination, vaccine hesitant, and pro-vaccination representations on the online public sphere is reflective of competing values (e.g., modernism, post-modernism) in contemporary society.

scholarly journals Vaccination Coverage for Infants: Cross-Sectional Studies in Two Regions of Belgium

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuelle Robert ◽  
Michèle Dramaix ◽  
Béatrice Swennen
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Mmr Vaccine ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Infant Vaccination ◽  
French Speaking ◽  
Fourth Dose ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies ◽  
Coverage Rates

Methods and Objectives.To estimate infant vaccination coverage in the French-speaking region of Belgium (Wallonia) and in the Brussels-Capital Region, two cross-sectional studies were performed in 2012. A face-to-face questionnaire was administered by trained investigators. The objective was to evaluate infant vaccination coverage retrospectively in 18- to 24-month-old children. These studies offered the opportunity to assess some factors influencing vaccine uptake in infants.Results and Discussion.Approximately 99% of the children had received the first dose of IPV-DTaP, 90% the fourth dose, 94% the MMR vaccine, 97% the first dose of pneumococcal vaccine, and 90% the third dose. In both regions, when fitting a logistic model, the most associated factor was attendance at maternal and child clinics (MCH). No association was observed between vaccination coverage and the mother’s level of education. For the last immunization session, where the mother was a Belgian native and when she worked more hours, child was better immunized, but only in Brussels.Conclusion.Coverage for the fourth dose of hexavalent vaccine (DTaP-IPV-HBV/Hib) needs to be increased. Indeed, additional effort is needed to increase HIB and pertussis coverage rates because the herd immunity threshold for these two diseases has not been reached.

scholarly journals Vaccination and Vaccine Effectiveness: A Commentary of Special Issue Editors

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 545
Author(s):  
Claudio Costantino ◽  
Alessandra Casuccio ◽  
Vincenzo Restivo
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽  
At Risk Populations ◽  
Personal Risk Factors ◽  
Coverage Rates

The Special Issue “Vaccination and Vaccine Effectiveness”, published in the journal Vaccines, has the main aim to increase international literature data on vaccine effectiveness and safety and on vaccination strategies in order to reduce vaccine hesitancy and improve vaccination coverage rates. The main topics included in the call for papers were vaccines administered to infants, adolescents, adults, elderly people, at-risk populations (due to comorbidities and personal risk factors) and healthcare workers and strategies adopted to promote vaccination adherence among these categories. This Special Issue started from the assumption that, despite vaccination being universally recognized as one of the best strategies to increase duration and quality of life during the last centuries, vaccination coverage rates are often under the levels recommended to reduce circulation and to extinguish vaccine-preventable diseases. Vaccine hesitancy involves at least 15% of the general population, and healthcare workers also sometimes demonstrate doubts on vaccination effectiveness and safety. At the end of the six-month submission period, 16 articles (15 research article and one review) were accepted after the peer-review processes and published online.

scholarly journals Monitoring regional-level vaccination coverage rates in Lombardy Region (Northern Italy)

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Croci ◽  
D Rossi ◽  
A Odone ◽  
C Signorelli
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Human Papilloma Virus Vaccine ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Lombardy Region ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Populated Region ◽  
Coverage Rates

Abstract Background Lombardy is Italy's most affluent and most populated region, with the highest national per capita GDP, and over 10 million residents - more than 16 out of 27 EU countries. In 2017, two measures were approved against vaccine hesitancy, i.e. the National Plan for Vaccine Prevention (2017-2019) and Law no. 119 on mandatory vaccinations. Aim of the study is to monitor Lombardy regional-level vaccine coverage trends and to assess the new legislative framework's overall impact. Methods We analysed and critically interpreted Lombardy regional-level vaccination coverage (2000-2018 for childhood vaccinations; birth cohorts 1997-2005 for HPV; flu seasons 1999-2000/2018-2019 for influenza). All data were extracted from the Italian Ministry of Health website. We carried out descriptive trend analysis for measles and polio-containing vaccines in 24 month-old-children, Human Papilloma Virus vaccine in 12-year-old females, and influenza vaccine in seniors over 65 years. Regional data were compared with the corresponding Italian national averages. Results Childhood vaccinations: Lombardy and Italy have never met the 95% target for measles-containing vaccines (average coverage 2000-2018: Lombardy 91,79%, Italy 86,94%). Polio-containing vaccines have always remained above the 95% threshold, with a drop in 2015-2017. In 2018 they increased back to safety levels (Lombardy 95,31%, Italy 95,09%). HPV: coverage has always kept below WHO/SAGE intermediate 80% goal (average coverage, birth cohorts 1997-2005: Lombardy 75,58%, Italy 72,73%). Influenza: mean coverage has been alarmingly inadequate (Lombardy 54,09%, Italy 57,98%) compared to WHO-recommended minimum of 75%. Conclusions Except for influenza, coverage in Lombardy is slightly higher than the Italian average. Exploring Lombardy's response to the national legislation could guide policymakers in developing tailored vaccination strategies. Key messages Overall, vaccination coverage in Lombardy is slightly higher than the Italian average. In 2017, law n.119 on mandatory vaccinations came into force, acting as a powerful tool for coverage increase.

scholarly journals Aesthetic Experience in Virtual Museums: A Postphenomenological Perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-79
Author(s):  
Bart G. Moens
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Aesthetic Experience ◽  
Philosophy Of Technology ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Hybrid Form ◽  
Virtual Museums ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
The Impact

This article explores the impact of the digitization of traditional works of art on the aesthetic experience from a philosophical point of view. Presenting and making use of a recent approach in the philosophy of technology, initiated by the American philosopher Don Ihde, called postphenomenology. This hybrid form of phenomenology builds on traditional phenomenology and combines it with a pragmatic approach in order to focus on the mediating roles of technology. Concrete technologies and applications such as screens and virtual museums are the starting point for our examination of the specific character of these digital media, which are then compared with their physical referents. Following Ihde’s arguments, we show that digital image technologies, and digital images themselves, are not merely functional, but shape perceptions and experiences. Although currently the positive effects and opportunities of these new applications are emphasized in the field – for collection management, the democratization and accessibility of art, possibilities to interact and intervene in the image, efficient marketing, etc. – they do have a significant impact on the way in which art is experienced.

scholarly journals Protection to Six Vaccinable Pathogens in Paired Plasma/DBS and HIV Impact in Infected and Uninfected Children From Kinshasa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodríguez-Galet Ana ◽  
Rubio-Garrido Marina ◽  
Valadés-Alcaraz Ana ◽  
Rodríguez-Domínguez Mario ◽  
Galán Juan Carlos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Paediatric Population ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
Coverage Rates ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Child vaccination reduces infant mortality rates. HIV-infected children present higher risk of diseases than non-infected. We report the protection coverage rates to 6 vaccine-preventable diseases in a paediatric population from the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and the impact of HIV infection, providing the first data on the validity of dried blood samples (DBS) to monitor the immune protection. During 2016-2018 DBS from 143 children/adolescents were collected in Kinshasa (DRC), being 52 HIV-infected. Forty-two had a paired plasma sample. Protective IgG was quantified (VirClia®IgG,Vircell) to obtain the optimal cut-off in IgG detection in DBS. ROC curves were generated with R software and statistical analyses with Stata. Protective IgG levels varied across pathogens, not reaching the herd immunity. HIV-infected presented lower vaccine protection than uninfected for all analysed pathogens, except rubella, with statistically significant differences for measles (30.8% vs. 53.8%;p=0.008) and tetanus (3.8% vs. 22%;p=0.004). New cut-offs were calculated when using DBS to improve test performance. We reinforce the necessity to increase pediatric vaccination coverage in Kinshasa, specially in HIV seropositive, with less capacity to maintain adequate antibody levels. DBS were useful to monitor vaccination coverage in seroprevalence studies in resource-limited settings, after optimizing the cut-off value for each pathogen.

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