scholarly journals Biplanar High-Speed Fluoroscopy of Pony Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon (SDFT)—An In Vivo Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Franziska C. Wagner ◽  
Kerstin Gerlach ◽  
Sandra M. Geiger ◽  
Claudia Gittel ◽  
Peter Böttcher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Precision ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Flexor Tendon ◽  
Movement Analysis ◽  
Tendon Injury ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Tendon Biomechanics ◽  
Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon ◽  
First Time

The superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) is the most frequently injured structure of the musculoskeletal system in sport horses and a common cause for early retirement. This project’s aim was to visualize and measure the strain of the sound, injured, and healing SDFTs in a pony during walk and trot. For this purpose, biplanar high-speed fluoroscopic kinematography (FluoKin), as a high precision X-ray movement analysis tool, was used for the first time in vivo with equine tendons. The strain in the metacarpal region of the sound SDFT was 2.86% during walk and 6.78% during trot. When injured, the strain increased to 3.38% during walk and decreased to 5.96% during trot. The baseline strain in the mid-metacarpal region was 3.13% during walk and 6.06% during trot and, when injured, decreased to 2.98% and increased to 7.61%, respectively. Following tendon injury, the mid-metacarpal region contributed less to the overall strain during walk but showed increased contribution during trot. Using this marker-based FluoKin technique, direct, high-precision, and long-term strain measurements in the same individual are possible. We conclude that FluoKin is a powerful tool for gaining deeper insight into equine tendon biomechanics.

Comparison of healing in forelimb and hindlimb surgically induced core lesions of the equine superficial digital flexor tendon

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (05) ◽  
pp. 358-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Van Weeren ◽  
C. H. A. Van de Lest ◽  
J. Boere ◽  
M. Reyes ◽  
J. C. Ionita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Doppler Ultrasound ◽  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Flexor Tendon ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Tendon Healing ◽  
Tendon Injury ◽  
Colour Doppler ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon ◽  
Surgically Induced

SummaryObjective: Even though equine multi-limb tendinopathy models have been reported, it is unknown if fore- and hindlimb tendon healing behave similarly. The aim of this study was to compare the healing process of surgically induced superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) core lesions of fore- and hindlimbs in horses.Methods: Tendon core lesions were surgically induced in the SDFT of both fore- and hindlimbs in eight horses. One randomly assigned forelimb and one randomly assigned hindlimb were injected with saline one and two weeks post-surgery. The healing process was monitored clinically and ultrasonographically. After 24 weeks, the tendons were harvested and biochemical, biomechanical and histological parameters were evaluated.Results: Twenty-four weeks post-surgery, the forelimb SDFT lesions had a significantly higher colour Doppler ultrasound vascularization score (p = 0.02) and glycosaminoglycan concentration (p = 0.04) and a significantly lower hydroxylysylpyridinoline content (p = 0.03).Clinical relevance: Our results indicate that fore- and hindlimb SDFT surgically induced lesions exhibit significant differences in several important parameters of tendon healing 24 weeks post-surgery. These differences create significant challenges in using all four limbs and accurately interpreting the results that one might generate. Therefore these findings do not support the use of four-limb models for study of tendon injury until the reasons for these differences are much better understood.

scholarly journals Detection of Age-Related Changes in Tendon Molecular Composition by Raman Spectroscopy—Potential for Rapid, Non-Invasive Assessment of Susceptibility to Injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 2150
Author(s):  
Nai-Hao Yin ◽  
Anthony W. Parker ◽  
Pavel Matousek ◽  
Helen L. Birch
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Raman Spectra ◽  
Flexor Tendon ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Ring Structure ◽  
Total N ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon

The lack of clinical detection tools at the molecular level hinders our progression in preventing age-related tendon pathologies. Raman spectroscopy can rapidly and non-invasively detect tissue molecular compositions and has great potential for in vivo applications. In biological tissues, a highly fluorescent background masks the Raman spectral features and is usually removed during data processing, but including this background could help age differentiation since fluorescence level in tendons increases with age. Therefore, we conducted a stepwise analysis of fluorescence and Raman combined spectra for better understanding of the chemical differences between young and old tendons. Spectra were collected from random locations of vacuum-dried young and old equine tendon samples (superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) and deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT), total n = 15) under identical instrumental settings. The fluorescence-Raman spectra showed an increase in old tendons as expected. Normalising the fluorescence-Raman spectra further indicated a potential change in intra-tendinous fluorophores as tendon ages. After fluorescence removal, the pure Raman spectra demonstrated between-group differences in CH2 bending (1450 cm−1) and various ring-structure and carbohydrate-associated bands (1000–1100 cm−1), possibly relating to a decline in cellular numbers and an accumulation of advanced glycation end products in old tendons. These results demonstrated that Raman spectroscopy can successfully detect age-related tendon molecular differences.

Morphological and Histochemical Analysis of a Case of Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon Injury in the Horse

1999 ◽  
Vol 120 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kobayashi ◽  
M. Sugisaka ◽  
K. Takehana ◽  
M. Yamaguchi ◽  
Eerdunchaolu K. Iwasa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flexor Tendon ◽  
Tendon Injury ◽  
Histochemical Analysis ◽  
Flexor Tendon Injury ◽  
Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon

Influence of track surface on the equine superficial digital flexor tendon loading in two horses at high speed trot

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Crevier-Denoix ◽  
P. Pourcelot ◽  
B. Ravary ◽  
D. Robin ◽  
S. Falala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Flexor Tendon ◽  
Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon ◽  
Track Surface

SYNERGISTIC WRIST DYNAMIC SPLINT FOR FLEXOR TENDON REPAIR

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (05) ◽  
pp. 231-241
Author(s):  
PEI-HSI CHOU ◽  
YOU-LI CHOU ◽  
KAI-NAN AN ◽  
GAU-TYAN LIN ◽  
FONG-CHIN SU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flexor Tendon ◽  
Tendon Repair ◽  
Hand Surgery ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Tendon Injury ◽  
Wrist Motion ◽  
Passive Motion ◽  
Dynamic Splint ◽  
Controlled Motion

Tendons are frequently injured by direct trauma. Tendon adhesions were a common sequel of tendon repair and are one of the most challenging problems in hand surgery. The concept of “controlled motion” gradually replaced “total immobilization” in the treatment of flexor tendon injuries and today represents a standard of care for all primary repaired flexor tendon injury. Use of controlled motion splints during the early stages of stages of tendon recovery in crease tendon gliding. However, how best to achieve passive motion and the effect of passive motion on tendon gliding have remained controversial subjects. Based on a series of recent experiments, the concept of “dynamic synergistic wrist motion splint” was established and evaluated. It was found that this synergistic wrist motion increases the tendon excursion due to eliminating the laxity and buckling of tendon in the regions between pulleys without introduce excessive amount of tension. The purpose of this study is to design and fabricate a dynamic splint based on this concept and define the nature coordinated motion between the wrist and finger joints due to the passive tension of the muscles in vivo. Parametric analysis will be conducted to achieve an optimum design with the consideration of anatomic constraints. Clinical trial of using such dynamic splint will be evaluated in the future.

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