scholarly journals Control of Tropical Landcover and Soil Properties on Landslides’ Aquifer Recharge, Piezometry and Dynamics

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Belle ◽  
Bertrand Aunay ◽  
Patrick Lachassagne ◽  
Bernard Ladouche ◽  
Jean-Lambert Join
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Water Budget ◽  
Surface Processes ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Aquifer Recharge ◽  
High Permeability ◽  
Shallow Layer ◽  
Consequent Increase ◽  
Landslide Dynamics

Among the processes controlling landslide dynamics, piezometry plays a major role. The characterization of a landslide’s aquifer recharge (=inflows) is thus indispensable for predicting displacements. In this research, the recharge of the large Grand Ilet landslide in the humid tropical, Reunion Island was characterized through a multi-disciplinary and robust hydrological approach, notably comprising a precise water budget of the landslide (outflows = inflows). Surface processes play a major role in the landslide recharge regime. Runoff is less than 1% of rainfall (2400 mm/year) due to the soil’s high permeability. A large quantity of water (250 mm) is adsorbed in this shallow layer. This reservoir is submitted to high real evapotranspiration (1500 mm/year) due to the dense tropical broad-leaved vegetation. This explains the low aquifer recharge (860 mm/year), the fact that only major rainfall episodes during the rainy season induce recharge, with a consequent increase in landslide velocity, and finally low outflow from the landslide. Therefore, among other operational recommendations, it is necessary to maintain natural vegetation cover over such landslide surface in order to limit aquifer recharge and thus displacements. This study provides a methodological framework for landslide studies, particularly for modeling their recharge/piezometry, and key parameters of their dynamics.

The History of Meter

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meredith Martin
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Gerard Manley Hopkins ◽  
English Poet ◽  
History Of ◽  
Material History ◽  
English Culture

This chapter sets out the book's historical and methodological framework. Despite the modernist characterization of Victorian tradition as unified and steadfast, the various approaches to Victorian meter in English histories, grammars, and metrical studies reveal ideologically charged histories of English culture, often presented as Roman or Anglo-Saxon. Gerard Manley Hopkins was himself a mediator between various metrical discourses and theories. As a Catholic priest who taught the classics and an English poet who attempted to valorize the material history of the English language in his syntax and through his use of sprung rhythm, Hopkins is a test case for the personal and national ideologies of English meter.

Identification and Characterization of High-Conductive Layers in Waterfloods

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (01) ◽  
pp. 113-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.. Izgec ◽  
C.S.. S. Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Integral Curve ◽  
Estimation Algorithm ◽  
Separation Distance ◽  
Sand Production ◽  
High Permeability ◽  
Property Estimation ◽  
Hall Plot ◽  
Channel Properties ◽  
Identification And Characterization

Summary This study expands upon the use of modified-Hall analysis (MHA) to discern the characteristics of a high-permeability channel. Briefly, the modified-Hall plot uses three curves involving improved Hall-integral (H-I) and the two derivatives, analytic and numeric. Ordinarily, the derivative curves overlay on the integral curve during matrix injection, but separate lower when fracturing occurs. This work presents a method to identify and characterize high-conductive layers or channels between injector and producer pairs with the MHA. The distance separating the integral and derivative curves provides the required information to quantify channel properties. A simple analytical solution is presented for transforming the separation distance into channel permeabilitythickness product. The analytic derivative is based on the radial-flow-pattern assumption and the numeric derivative is correlated to the pressure response. Therefore, a comparison of these two curves reveals clues about the maturity of a waterflood at a given time. Several simulated examples verified the channel-property-estimation algorithm and identified the distinctive derivative signatures for channeling and fracturing situations. This method is also useful for identification of wormhole propagation during sand production in unconsolidated formations.

An Active Method for Characterization of Flow Units Between Injection/Production Wells by Injection-Rate Design

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (04) ◽  
pp. 433-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun-Han Lee ◽  
Antonio Ortega ◽  
Amir Mohammad Nejad ◽  
Iraj Ershaghi
Keyword(s):  
Reservoir Characterization ◽  
Injection Rate ◽  
High Permeability ◽  
Injection Wells ◽  
Flow Units ◽  
Weight Factors ◽  
Production Wells ◽  
Preferential Flows ◽  
Injection Rates

Summary This paper presents a novel data-mining method to characterize the flow units between injection and production wells in a waterflood, using carefully implemented variations in injection rates. The method allows the computation of weight factors representing the influence of any of the injectors surrounding a given producer. The weight factors are used to characterize the effective contribution of injection wells to the total gross production in surrounding production wells. A wavelet approach is used to design the perturbation in the injection rates and to analyze the observed variations in the gross production rates. Tracking the contribution of injectors to various producers can help in balancing voidage replacement in waterflood optimization. A second application is reservoir characterization, in which information provided by the proposed procedure can help in mapping high-permeability flow units such as channels and fractures as well as flow barriers between wells. The method was calibrated and tested successfully for simulated line-drive and five-spot patterns with various assumed flow units and flow-heterogeneity conditions. The paper also includes a case study for a tight-formation waterflood in which the weight factors are intended to delineate the pattern of natural high-permeability channels causing preferential flows.

scholarly journals Tropofigures as New Realities of Texts in Modern Political Communication

2021 ◽  
pp. 57-73
Author(s):  
Natalya Bozhenkova ◽  
Tamara Kalichkina ◽  
Aleksandra Panteleeva
Keyword(s):  
Goal Setting ◽  
Political Communication ◽  
Discursive Practice ◽  
The Political ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
The One ◽  
Text Formation ◽  
Modern Russian

The article examines the mechanisms of organizing verbal constructs that manifest the linguopragmatic structure of texts in modern Russian political communication. A special class of figurative means of political language stands out – tropofigures. Tropofigures include irony and parcelling, which are characterized, on the one hand, by formal-semantic ambivalence and, on the other hand, by an apparent idiostylistic touch. The proposed methodological framework of the study aimed at the identification and systematic characterization of the categorical features of these synergetic linguistic signs, facilitated the description of the ways of their exemplification in political interactions. The authors established that the tropofigures of irony and parcelling ornamentally form the antinomy of the identity / non-identity of the sign and the object (semasiological discrepancy between the logical and grammatical organization of the syntagma). The tropofigures not only organize the expressive-pragmatic center of political discursive practice but also fulfill the function of a verbal marker of the cognitive mechanisms of text formation, which allow the participant to present their communicative goal setting in a certain way. The authors emphasized that the tropofigures of irony and parcelling are transformed from means of enhancing expressiveness into markers of the idiomental process and set a different social perception. The results of the linguistic rhetorical research indicate new mechanisms of convergence / divergence of semantic constructs in various political interactions and, as a result, linguocultural "reaccentuation" of sign-symbolic and axiological constituents of the political institution in the modern Russian-speaking space.

scholarly journals Aplicação do protocolo de avaliação rápida (par) na caracterização da qualidade ambiental de trechos do Rio Piumhi, Minas Gerais - Brasil

ForScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. e00968
Author(s):  
Eline dos Santos Oliveira ◽  
Júlia Helena Passos Veloso ◽  
Hygor Aristides Victor Rossoni
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Rapid Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Protocol ◽  
Water And Sediment

Nas últimas décadas, os ecossistemas aquáticos têm sido alterados de maneira significativa. Diante disso, faz-se necessária a conservação dos recursos hídricos. O objetivo deste trabalho é estimar a qualidade ambiental do Rio Piumhi, que já sofreu transposição de suas águas, por meio de protocolo de avaliação rápida das características da água e sedimentos, situação e estado de conservação das margens, matas ciliares, cobertura vegetal e presença de erosão e assoreamento. A aplicação do protocolo gera empoderamento da sociedade quanto à gestão dos recursos hídricos. O protocolo com treze parâmetros foi aplicado em seis locais sujeitos às atividades humanas, na qual foram atribuídas pontuações. Foi possível constatar que três dos seis locais analisados se encontraram em boa, um em ótima e dois em regular condição. A maior parte dos locais apresentou cobertura vegetal nativa degradada, sendo urgente a preservação desse curso hídrico. Palavras-chave: Rio Piumhi. Protocolo de avaliação rápida. Bacia hidrográfica. Application of the rapid evaluation protocol (rep) on the characterization of the environmental quality of the Rio Piumhi sections, Minas Gerais - Brazil Abstract In recent decades, aquatic ecosystems have changed significantly. Therefore, it is necessary to conserve water resources. The objective of this work is to estimate the environmental quality of the Piumhi River, which has already undergone transposition of its waters, by means of a rapid evaluation protocol of water and sediment characteristics, situation and state of conservation of banks, riparian forests, vegetation cover and presence of erosion and siltation. The application of the protocol generates the empowerment of society regarding the management of water resources. The protocol with thirteen parameters was applied in six locations subject to human activities, in which scores were assigned. It was possible to verify that three of the six places analyzed were in good condition, one in excellent condition and two in regular condition. Most of the locations had degraded native vegetation cover, making it imperative to preserve this water course Keywords: Piumhi River. Rapid evaluation protocol. Watershed.

scholarly journals Solubility Enhancement of Clozapine Through Co-Crystal Formation with Isonicotinamide

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fikri Alatas ◽  
Hestiary Ratih ◽  
Hesti Kurnia ◽  
Sundani Nurono Soewandhi
Keyword(s):  
Dissolution Rate ◽  
Phosphate Buffer Solution ◽  
Crystal Formation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
High Permeability ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Pxrd Pattern ◽  
Low Solubility ◽  
Biopharmaceutical Classification System

Clozapine (CLO) is an effective atypical antipsychotic to control the symptoms of psychosis and schizophrenia. Clozapine has low solubility and high permeability, so it is classified as a class II in the biopharmaceutical classification system. The aim of this study was to improve the solubility and dissolution rate of clozapine by clozapine-isonicotinamide (CLO-INA) co-crystal formation. CLO-INA co-crystal was prepared by solvent-drop grinding (SDG) method using water as a solvent. Characterization of SDG result was conducted by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR).  Solubility test was performed in water at room temperature. The dissolution test was performed in 900 mL of pH 6.8 phosphate buffer solution, 50 rotation per minute of paddle rotation, and at 37±0.5 °C. The PXRD pattern of  SDG result of CLO-INA has many different peaks from its parent components, and this may indicate the co-crystal formation. The solubility of the co-crystal clozapine was fifteen folds higher than pure clozapine. The dissolution rate of CLO-INA co-crystal increased in the first 10 minutes compared to pure clozapine. Percentage of clozapine dissolved after 10 minutes from CLO-INA co-crystal and pure CLO were 10.2 and 2.4%, respectively. CLO and INA can form co-crystal by SDG method that can improve the solubility and dissolution rate of clozapine.Keywords: Clozapine, Isonicotinamide, Co-crystal, Solubility, Dissolution

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