scholarly journals Energy Sorghum Production under Arid and Semi-Arid Environments of Texas

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1344
Author(s):  
Juan Enciso ◽  
Jose C. Chavez ◽  
Girisha Ganjegunte ◽  
Samuel D. Zapata
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Arid Environment ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
Sodic Soils ◽  
Semiarid Environment ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Energy Sorghum

Water availability and supply are critical factors in the production of bioenergy. Dry biomass productivity and water use efficiency (WUE) of two biomass sorghum cultivars (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) were studied in two different climatic locations during 2014 and 2015. The objective of this field study was to evaluate the dry biomass productivity and water use efficiency of two energy sorghum cultivars grown in two different climatic environments: one at Pecos located in the Chihuahuan Desert and a second one located at Weslaco in the Lower Rio Grande bordering Mexico and with a semiarid environment. There were significant differences between locations in dry biomass and WUE. Dry biomass productivity ranged from 22.4 to 31.9 Mg ha−1 in Weslaco, while in Pecos it ranged from 7.4 to 17.6 Mg ha−1. Even though it was possible to produce energy sorghum biomass in an arid environment with saline-sodic soils and saline irrigation, the energy sorghum dry biomass yield was reduced more than 50% in the arid environment compared to production in a semiarid environment with good soil and water quality, and it required approximately twice as much water. Harsh production conditions combined with low energy prices resulted in negative net returns for all treatments. However, a moderate increase in ethanol price could make the semiarid cropland of Texas an economically feasible feedstock production location.

Simulation of Energy Sorghum under Limited Irrigation Levels Using the EPIC Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose C. Chavez ◽  
Juan Enciso ◽  
Manyowa N. Meki ◽  
Jaehak Jeong ◽  
Vijay P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Epic Model ◽  
Crop Water Use ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Energy Sorghum ◽  
Irrigation Levels

Abstract. Energy sorghum is one of the most attractive alternatives for producing energy in many regions of the world because of the high biomass productivity obtained in a short period. However, it faces many challenges, particularly where water resources are limited. Crop simulation models are suitable decision support tools for the assessment of crop water use and biomass production under different spatial and climatic conditions. Calibration of simulation models to local conditions is a necessary procedure to improve model reliability. The objective of this study was to calibrate and evaluate the Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (EPIC) model for the production of energy sorghum under different irrigation levels. The model was then used to simulate crop biomass productivity and crop water use to identify appropriate irrigation strategies. This study was conducted at the Texas A&M AgriLife Research Center in Weslaco, Texas. Simulations were performed to determine the total dry biomass, crop water use, the relationship between crop productivity and crop evapotranspiration (ETc), and water use efficiency (WUE). Simulated ETc agreed well with estimates from a weather station, except for a few simulation events. The statistical parameters derived from measured versus simulated dry biomass in the calibrated model, which indicated that the model performed well, were R2 = 0.99 and PBIAS = -5.35%. The calibrated model showed great potential for simulating the total dry biomass. At full irrigation, the difference between measured and simulated total dry biomass was 4.3% in 2013 and 3.0% in 2015. This study showed that energy sorghum requires approximately 600 mm of water to obtain 23 Mg ha-1 of total dry biomass. It also demonstrated that the EPIC model could be used for assessment of crop water use and total biomass under limited irrigation levels, especially in semi-arid regions. Keywords: Crop model, Dry biomass, Energy sorghum, EPIC model, Irrigation, Model calibration, Water use efficiency.

RELATIVE PRODUCTIVITY, PROFITABILITY AND WATER USE EFFICIENCY OF CROPPING SYSTEMS IN HOT ARID INDIA

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. S. RATHORE ◽  
N. S. NATHAWAT ◽  
B. MEEL ◽  
B. M. YADAV ◽  
J. P. SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Arid Environment ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Cluster Bean ◽  
Use Efficiency

SUMMARYThe choice of an appropriate cropping system is critical to maintaining or enhancing agricultural sustainability. Yield, profitability and water use efficiency are important factors for determining suitability of cropping systems in hot arid region. In a two-year field experiment (2009/10–2010/11) on loam sandy soils of Bikaner, India, the production potential, profitability and water use efficiency (WUE) of five cropping systems (groundnut–wheat, groundnut–isabgol, groundnut–chickpea, cluster bean–wheat and mung bean–wheat) each at six nutrient application rate (NAR) i.e. 0, 25, 50, 75, 100% recommended dose of N and P (NP) and 100% NP + S were evaluated. The cropping systems varied significantly in terms of productivity, profitability and WUEs. Averaged across nutrient application regimes, groundnut–wheat rotation gave 300–1620 kg ha−1 and 957–3365 kg ha−1 higher grain and biomass yields, respectively, than other cropping systems. The mean annual net returns were highest for the mung bean–wheat system, which returned 32–57% higher net return than other cropping systems. The mung bean–wheat and cluster bean–wheat systems had higher WUE in terms of yields than other cropping systems. The mung bean–wheat system recorded 35–63% higher WUE in monetary terms compared with other systems. Nutrients application improved yields, profit and WUEs of cropping systems. Averaged across years and cropping systems, the application of 100% NP improved grain yields, returns and WUE by 1.7, 3.9 and 1.6 times than no application of nutrients. The results suggest that the profitability and WUEs of crop production in this hot arid environment can be improved, compared with groundnut–wheat cropping, by substituting groundnut by mung bean and nutrients application.

Wheat production in an arid environment. 1. Water-use efficiency, as affected by management practices

1991 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Amir ◽  
J. Krikun ◽  
D. Orion ◽  
J. Putter ◽  
S. Klitman
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Arid Environment ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
Use Efficiency

Deficit irrigation improves maize yield and water use efficiency in a semi-arid environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 243 ◽  
pp. 106483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yufeng Zou ◽  
Qaisar Saddique ◽  
Ajaz Ali ◽  
Jiatun Xu ◽  
Muhammad Imran Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Arid Environment ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Semi Arid

Improved biomass productivity and water use efficiency under water deficit conditions in transgenic wheat constitutively expressing the barley HVA1 gene

Plant Science ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 155 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elumalai Sivamani ◽  
Ahmed Bahieldin ◽  
Jon M Wraith ◽  
Thamir Al-Niemi ◽  
William E Dyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Transgenic Wheat ◽  
Use Efficiency

scholarly journals The Influence of Deficit Irrigation on Growth, Ornamental Quality, and Water Use Efficiency of Three Potted Bougainvillea Genotypes Grown in Two Shapes

HortScience ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 1284-1291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Cirillo ◽  
Youssef Rouphael ◽  
Rosanna Caputo ◽  
Giampaolo Raimondi ◽  
Stefania De Pascale
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Irrigation Level ◽  
Leaf Osmotic Potential ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Use Efficiency

Bougainvillea is widely used as flowering shrub in gardening and landscaping in the Mediterranean region characterized by limited water supply. The evaluation of deficit irrigation as a possible technique to improve water productivity and selection of genotypes that can better withstand soil water deficits are essential for sustainable production. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to determine the effects of deficit irrigation on three potted Bougainvillea genotypes [B. glabra var. Sanderiana, B. ×buttiana ‘Rosenka’, B. ‘Lindleyana’ (=B. ‘Aurantiaca’)] grown in two shapes, globe and pyramid, on agronomical and physiological parameters. Irrigation treatments were based on the daily water use (100%, 50%, or 25%). The shoot, total dry biomass, leaf number, leaf area, and macronutrient [nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K)] concentration decreased in response to an increase in water stress with the lowest values recorded in the severe deficit irrigation (SDI) treatment. At 160 days after transplanting (DAT), the percentage of total dry biomass reduction caused by irrigation level was lower in B. ×buttiana ‘Rosenka’ compared with B. glabra var. Sanderiana and B. ‘Lindleyana’ (=B. ‘Aurantiaca’). At 160 DAT, the flower index increased in response to an increase in water stress with the highest values recorded under both moderate deficit irrigation (MDI) and SDI for B. ×buttiana ‘Rosenka’. The biomass water use efficiency (WUE) increased under water stress conditions with the highest values recorded in B. glabra var. Sanderiana and B. ×buttiana ‘Rosenka’ grown under MDI (average 1.43 and 1.25 g·L−1, respectively) and especially with SDI (average 1.68 and 1.36 g·L−1, respectively). A number of tolerance mechanisms such as increase in stomatal resistance, decrease in leaf water potential, and decrease in leaf osmotic potential have been observed, especially under SDI. The MDI treatment can be used successfully in Bougainvillea to reduce water consumption while improving the overall quality and WUE, whereas the genotypes B. glabra var. Sanderiana and B. ×buttiana ‘Rosenka’ could be considered suitable for pot plant production.

scholarly journals Introducing Cereus into an Arid Region as a New Fruit Crop

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 753C-753
Author(s):  
Ahmed ElObeidy*
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
High Water ◽  
Arid Environment ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Species Characteristics ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Healthy Growth ◽  
Very High

One of the major steps in responding to imminent water shortages in the Middle East is improving water use efficiency. Drought-resistant crops would be an effective technology to curb rising demands of water. Columnar Cactus species characteristics fit with most of the requirements of a drought tolerant crop with very high water-use efficiency. Cereus cacti have physiological and morphological methods of exploiting environments that would soon desiccate other plants. Four Cereus species were introduced into UAE deserts and could be ideal for establishing crop plantations in the arid environment. The introduced fruiting cacti are Cereus hexagonus, C. pachanoi, C. peruvianus, and C. validus. Plants were propagated by cuttings in the greenhouse. Cuttings developed roots within 2*&8211;4 weeks of planting. The propagated plants were acclimatized and transplanted into the field in the desert. C. peruvianus was the most promising in the new environment in terms of its high adaptability and healthy growth in the new environment. C. pachanoi grew very fast, averaging up to a fifteen centimeter a month of new growth. C. pachanoi was recommended as a rootstock for other species. C. validus could not survive the new environment.

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