scholarly journals Relationships between Wind Effect, Hydrodynamics and Water Level in the World's Largest Coastal Lagoonal System

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliveira ◽  
Fernandes ◽  
Möller ◽  
García-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Water Levels ◽  
Freshwater Discharge ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Wind Effect ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Cell Orientation ◽  
Patos Lagoon ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
The World ◽  
One Year

The Patos-Mirim is the largest coastal limnological system of the world, located in southern Brazil and eastern Uruguay, which encompass over 500 km of coastline. The economical demand for the development of an international waterway brings the need for understanding the Mirim lagoon dynamics and ulterior discharge into Patos lagoon in view of establishing navigation conditions and sustainable development. In this sense, circulation and freshwater discharge dynamics were assessed by running the numerical model TELEMAC-3D for a one-year-long simulation. The model identified the wind direction and intensity as the main combined forcing modulating water circulation and transport between the northern and southern portions and conditioning the recirculation cell orientation. Predominant winds from the S-SW directions could generate adverse conditions for navigation because they would yield low water levels under northwards water transport, thus creating shallow regions for navigation. Under such conditions, the high freshwater discharge coming from the Mirim lagoon would be restricted, and the communication to the Patos lagoon would be sufficiently weakened to prevent navigation activities. Therefore, we recommend that the viability of planning and implementing an international waterway, involving the two countries (Brazil and Uruguay), must take into account wind conditions prior to setting navigation traffic and avoid economic losses.

scholarly journals Long-Term Temporal Variability of the Freshwater Discharge and Water Levels at Patos Lagoon, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. P. Barros ◽  
W. C. Marques
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Circulation ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Freshwater Discharge ◽  
Patos Lagoon ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Physical Forcing ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year

The aim of this study is to investigate the importance of freshwater discharge as a physical forcing in Patos Lagoon at timescales longer than one year, as well as identify the temporal variability of the dominant processes in freshwater discharge and water levels along the Patos Lagoon. Due to its proximity to the mouth, the water level at the estuary is influenced by the remote effects associated with the adjacent ocean circulation and wave climatology, reducing the observed correlation. At the lagoonar region a high correlation is expected because interannual data is being used, reducing the influence of the wind. Cross wavelet technique is applied to examine the coherence and phase between interannual time-series (South Oscillation Index, freshwater discharge and water levels). The freshwater discharge of the main tributaries and water levels in Patos Lagoon are influenced by ENSO on interannual scales (cycles between 3.8 and 6 years). Therefore, El Niño events are associated with high mean values of freshwater discharge and water levels above the mean. On the other hand, La Niña events are associated with low mean values of freshwater discharge and water levels below the mean.

scholarly journals Temporal Variability of Suspended-Solids Concentration in the Estuarine Channel of Patos Lagoon, Southern Brazil

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 646
Author(s):  
Rafael André Ávila ◽  
Priscila Mulattieri Suarez Orozco ◽  
Mauro Michelena Andrade ◽  
Osmar Olinto Möller
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Patos Lagoon ◽  
Reliable Technique ◽  
Acoustic Data ◽  
Solids Concentration ◽  
Estuarine Hydrodynamics ◽  
Inflow Conditions

The assessment of suspended-solids dynamics is crucial for the effective monitoring of estuarine environments. As the recurring in-situ sampling is usually problematic, the calibration of the backscattering from acoustic Doppler profilers has shown to be a reliable technique to estimate the suspended-solids concentration (SSC) in estuaries and rivers. In this study, we obtained a linear model that provides SSC estimates for the estuarine channel of Patos Lagoon by calibrating turbidity and acoustic data with in-situ concentration samples. The model output was analyzed in terms of its relationship with estuarine hydrodynamics and temporal variability. In this estuary, the supply of suspended solids is known to be due the runoff from its main tributaries, but also through the exchanges between the estuary and the coastal ocean. Both sources provide sediments and organic solids which affect water quality, geomorphology, and harbor operations. Results show that SSC is strongly linked to estuarine hydrodynamics, where concentrations increase with streamflow. During outflow periods, higher concentrations are associated with river runoff, whereas with inflow conditions they are induced by southern and southwesterly winds. However, relationship between SSC and streamflow is asymmetrical, meaning that the largest concentrations are majorly linked to outflow currents and downstream transport.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and seroincidence of Leptospira infection in dogs during a one-year period in an endemic urban area in Southern Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivien Midori Morikawa ◽  
Daniele Bier ◽  
Maysa Pellizzaro ◽  
Leila Sabrina Ullmann ◽  
Igor Adolfo Dexheimer Paploski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
One Year

Clinton Commits U.S. Troops To Follow-On Force In Bosnia: Peace Implementation Council Meets in London

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-86
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World War ◽  
The World ◽  
One Year

One year ago in Dayton, the leaders of Bosnia, Croatia and Serbia turned from the horror of war to the promise of peace. Their historic decision came after nearly four years of horrible bloodshed, the bloodiest conflict Europe has seen since World War II; after a quarter million deaths, after 2 million people were made refugees, after countless atrocities that shocked the conscience of the world.

PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT AND ACCESS TO NATURAL RESOURCES, ESPECIALLY WATER

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 388-406
Author(s):  
Suheir Ibrahim Hachim NKHELA
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
Environmental Threats ◽  
Global Issue ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Environmental Human Rights ◽  
Groundwater Basins

Environmental hazards are not considered a national problem that stops at the state’s borders only, but has become a regional and global issue that poses a direct threat to human survival all over the world as a whole. It requires the global community to provide environmental human rights and all the ingredients for sustainable development, especially clean air, clean fresh water, healthy food, and preserving natural resources for future generations. The water problem topped the list of environmental threats, as most countries of the world suffer from a severe shortage of water levels, diminishing the share of each person in the limited quantities of water, and today the world's countries and governments fear unending regional wars due to water, and the conflict over its sources, and the sources of rivers. Therefore, the issue of water has taken on a global character, and the complete conviction that water is the first problem that will face our future generations. he water war between the riparian states is a real war, and it will continue and happen inevitably. In the World Water Forum held in Istanbul in 2009, which showed that 260 water basins are shared by two or more countries, around which 40% of the world's population live, and there are hundreds of shared groundwater basins, for example there are fourteen countries that share a river The European Danube, eleven countries share each of the Nile and Niger rivers, nine countries share the Amazon River, and four countries share the Tigris and Euphrates, and the same is the Jordan River. Differences arose between the participating countries over the sources and the distribution of water between them for a long time, and sometimes reached the stage of acute conflicts and crises, and their intensity increased day after day. Dozens of international treaties have not resolved these differences, as disputes have not stopped after the conclusion of approximately 145 international treaties, and the reason for this is the absence of cooperation between these countries, the scarcity of rainwater, and the thinking of each country in isolation from the interests and peoples of other countries with which they share river water.

Histopathological spectrum of oral cavity lesions – A tertiary care experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-368
Author(s):  
Ishani Gupta ◽  
Rekha Rani ◽  
Jyotsna Suri
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Proper Management ◽  
The World ◽  
One Year

Oral cancer is one of a major health problem in some parts of the world especially in the developing countries. Oral cancer is the sixth most common cancer in the world whereas in India it is one of the most prevalent cancer. Oral cavity lesions are usually asymptomatic. Accurate diagnosis of the lesion is the first step for the proper management of patients and histopathology is considered as the gold standard. The objective is to study the different patterns of oral cavity lesions seen in a tertiary care hospital of Jammu: One year retrospective study. Post graduate department of pathology.: It was a retrospective study carried out in a tertiary care centre for a period of one year from March 2020 to Feb 2021. 148 cases of oral cavity lesions were included in this study. The parameters that were included in the study were sociodemographic data, site of the lesion, clinical features and histological diagnosis. Data collected was analysed.148 cases of oral lesions were identified during the period of study. The age of patients varied from 5 to 78years and Male to Female ratio was 2.2:1. Buccal mucosa (30%) was the most common site involved which was followed by tonsil (19%). Out of 148 cases 70 cases were malignant, 10 cases pre malignant and 21 cases were benign. Squamous cell carcinoma (33.7%) was the most common lesion present in our study. Oral cavity lesions have a vast spectrum of diseases which range from tumour like lesions to benign and malignant tumours. Our study concluded that squamous cell carcinoma was the most common malignant lesion of oral cavity. Histological typing of the lesion is important for confirmation of malignancy and it is essential for the proper management of the patient.

scholarly journals Diet and feeding strategy of the dusky grouper Mycteroperca marginata (Actinopterygii: Epinephelidae) in a man-made rocky habitat in southern Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario V. Condini ◽  
Elisa Seyboth ◽  
João P. Vieira ◽  
Alexandre M. Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Strategy ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Patos Lagoon ◽  
Additional Tool ◽  
Rocky Habitat ◽  
Dusky Grouper ◽  
Dietary Shifts ◽  
Rocky Habitats ◽  
Rocky Bottoms

The dusky grouper (Mycteroperca marginata) is a marine species usually associated with rocky bottoms and reefs. The present work investigated the diet and feeding strategy of a dusky grouper population inhabiting a 4.5 km long pair of rocky jetties located in the mouth of Patos Lagoon estuary. No prior research has been conducted in such man-made habitat and the current study provides a basis for comparative studies on the diet of the dusky grouper populations inhabiting natural vs. man-made rocky habitats. Similarly with previous studies on natural substrates, crabs and fishes were the main food categories consumed (%IRI = 85.1 and %IRI = 12.6, respectively), whereas shrimps and mollusks had lower importance in the diet (%IRI = 1.9 and 0.4, respectively). As previously reported for dusky grouper populations inhabiting reefs and rocky bottoms, the present work revealed conspicuous size related dietary shifts. Blue crabs and fishes become increasingly important food items in the diet of larger individuals (> 500 mm, TL). Finally, it was found that the studied dusky population has a generalist feeding strategy with a high between-individual variation in prey consumption. Such strategy remained similar across the size increment of the species. Our findings suggest that man-made rocky substrates provide suitable feeding grounds for the dusky grouper in southern Brazil and could be used as an additional tool in the conservation efforts of this endangered species.

scholarly journals Epilithic community development on artificial reefs deployed along a cross-shelf environmental gradient off Paraná state, southern Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (spe1) ◽  
pp. 43-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederico Brandini ◽  
Ariel Scheffer da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Artificial Reef ◽  
Larval Abundance ◽  
Percent Cover ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Hydrographic Conditions ◽  
One Year ◽  
General Community

Concrete modules were deployed on the bottom of the 11, 18 and 30 meters isobaths along a cross-shelf hydrographic gradient off Paraná State, Southern Brazil, with the purpose of studying the colonization of sessile epilithic macroinvertebrates on artificial surfaces. After one year of submersion a total of 63 species of epilithic organisms were identified, dominated by Ostrea puelchana, Chthamalus bisinuatus, Balanus cf spongicola, Astrangia cf rathbuni, Didemnum spp, poryphers and bryozoans. Diversity index and percent cover at reef stations placed at 11, 18 and 30 meters isobaths were respectively 2.28 and 66.7%, 2.79 and 96.6% and 1.66 and 77.4%. Differences of general community structure among the three assemblages were not clearly related to the general environmental conditions at the bottom layers near the reef stations. Turbidity and larval abundance are discussed as important factors affecting colonization processes. Results indicate that depths between 15-20 meters are more suitable for the implementation of large scale artificial reef systems in the inner shelf off Paraná and, possibly, throughout the inner shelves off southern Brazil with similar hydrographic conditions.

scholarly journals Mollusc fisheries and length–weight relationship in Tonle Sap flood pulse system, Cambodia

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Bun Ngor ◽  
Ratha Sor ◽  
Leang Hour Prak ◽  
Nam So ◽  
Zeb S. Hogan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Annual Variation ◽  
Flood Pulse ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Relationship Analysis ◽  
Weight Relationship ◽  
Daily Data ◽  
Tonle Sap ◽  
Mollusc Species ◽  
One Year

Molluscs are important for ecological function, livelihoods and fisheries, but are often forgotten in research and management. Here, we investigated intra-annual variation in the landing and growth patterns of three mollusc species, i.e., Corbicula moreletiana, Pila virescens and Pila ampullacea, using one-year daily data on landing catches and values, recorded in Kampong Chhnang province of Tonle Sap (TS) Lake. Overall, 8330 tonnes with a first sale landing value of US$ 1.4 million for the three species were reported. Also, we found that C. moreletiana was abundant during the dry season with high temperature and less precipitation. By contrast, the two Pila species were abundant from the early rainy to early dry seasons when precipitation and water levels increase. The length–weight relationship analysis indicated that a faster growth in weight of Pila species occurred in the rainy season, and a general negative allometric growth was observed for the three species. This implies that their populations were intensively fished. Our preliminary results suggest that molluscs in the TS Lake (i) are important resources in support of people's livelihoods, (ii) respond differently to intra-annual variation in temperature, precipitation and hydrology and (iii) are being intensively exploited with significant reduction in growth rate. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct further comprehensive research describing status of mollusc stocks and their ecology to support long-term management and conservation of this important aquatic fauna. Our study contributes to establishing the first important baseline data and information on key mollusc species for the TS.

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