scholarly journals A Clustered, Decentralized Approach to Urban Water Management

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seneshaw Tsegaye ◽  
Thomas M. Missimer ◽  
Jong-Yeop Kim ◽  
Jason Hock
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Urban Water Management ◽  
Reduced Pressure ◽  
Supply Systems ◽  
Optimal Cluster ◽  
Centralized System

Current models in design of urban water management systems and their corresponding infrastructure using centralized designs have commonly failed from the perspective of cost effectiveness and inability to adapt to the future changes. These challenges are driving cities towards using decentralized systems. While there is great consensus on the benefits of decentralization; currently no methods exist which guide decision-makers to define the optimal boundaries of decentralized water systems. A new clustering methodology and tool to decentralize water supply systems (WSS) into small and adaptable units is presented. The tool includes two major components: (i) minimization of the distance from source to consumer by assigning demand to the closest water source, and (ii) maximization of the intra-cluster homogeneity by defining the cluster boundaries such that the variation in population density, land use, socio-economic level, and topography within the cluster is minimized. The methodology and tool were applied to Arua Town in Uganda. Four random cluster scenarios and a centralized system were created and compared with the optimal clustered WSS. It was observed that the operational cost of the four cluster scenarios is up to 13.9 % higher than the optimal, and the centralized system is 26.6% higher than the optimal clustered WSS, consequently verifying the efficacy of the proposed method to determine an optimal cluster boundary for WSS. In addition, optimal homogeneous clusters improve efficiency by encouraging reuse of wastewater and stormwater within a cluster and by minimizing leakage through reduced pressure variations.

scholarly journals A Clustered, Decentralized Approach to Urban Water Management

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seneshaw Tsegaye ◽  
Thomas M. Missimer ◽  
Jong-Yeop Kim ◽  
Jason Hock
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Urban Water Management ◽  
Reduced Pressure ◽  
Supply Systems ◽  
Optimal Cluster ◽  
Centralized System

Abstract: Current models in design of urban water management systems and their corresponding infrastructure using centralized designs have commonly failed from the perspective of cost effectiveness and inability to adapt to the future changes. These challenges are driving cities towards using decentralized systems. While there is great consensus on the benefits of decentralization; currently no methods exist which guide decision-makers to define the optimal boundaries of decentralized water systems. A new clustering methodology and tool to decentralize water supply systems (WSS) into small and adaptable units is presented. The tool includes two major components: (i) minimization of the distance from source to consumer by assigning demand to the closest water source, and (ii) maximization of the intra-cluster homogeneity by defining the cluster boundaries such that the variation in population density, land use, socio-economic level, and topography within the cluster is minimized. The methodology and tool are applied to Arua Town in Uganda. Four random cluster scenarios and a centralized system were created and compared with the optimal clustered WSS. It was observed that the operational cost of the four cluster scenarios is up to 13.9 % higher than the optimal, and the centralized system is 26.6% higher than the optimal clustered WSS, consequently verifying the efficacy of the proposed method to determine an optimal cluster boundary for WSS. In addition, optimal homogeneous clusters improve efficiency by encouraging reuse of wastewater and stormwater within a cluster and by minimizing leakage through reduced pressure variations.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Current Issues in Water Supply Systems and Implications for Sustainable Urban Water Management in Limbe, South West Region of Cameroon

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-74
Author(s):  
Baba Adamu ◽  
Ndi Humphrey N. ◽  
Balgah Sounders N.
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Urban Water Management ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Sustainable Urban Water Management ◽  
Supply Systems

Water supply system has played a significant role in the growth, development and wellbeing of cities. Until now, meeting the need of city residents in terms of availability, reliability, and access to a good quality water supply is a major challenge facing many denizens of the 21st Century due to unprecedented urban growth and urbanization rates. This study is out to examine the current issues and challenges to water supply systems in Limbe. The study adopted the mix method approach which involves triangulation of quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection. Primary data were obtained from field observations, interviews and the administration of 383 questionnaires to households and stakeholders. Secondary data were obtained from relevant official documents, published and unpublished sources relevant to water supply systems. Satellite imageries and ArcGIS were used to describe the pattern of growth in built-up areas between 1986 and 2019. Data from the questionnaire were entered using Epi Data Version 3.1, analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Science Standard version 21.0 and Microsoft Excel and presented in the form of tables, figures, plates and maps. Findings revealed that, although the water supply accessibility by utilities has improved significantly, the reliability, distribution, flow frequency, supply, price and quality are still low. The inaccessibility and unreliability in the water supply have turned most households to alternative sources with poor quality. Unsustain urbanization and urban growth are occurring through infills in city remaining open spaces and ‘out spill’ and expansion at the outskirt without a concurrent increase, upgrading or extension of water supply infrastructural systems resulting to congestion, conflict over allocation, long-distance trekking to source water, deterioration of basic social services, pollution, inaccessibility amongst to ensure efficient water supply systems and sustainable urban water management. The paper, therefore, calls for the rehabilitation and renovation of dilapidated water supply structures, extension and upgrading basic services, limit urbanization and urban growth, encourage the construction and use of alternative water sources, community participation amongst others for sustainable urban water supply management.

scholarly journals An Overview of Hybrid Water Supply Systems in the Context of Urban Water Management: Challenges and Opportunities

Water ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 153-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mukta Sapkota ◽  
Meenakshi Arora ◽  
Hector Malano ◽  
Magnus Moglia ◽  
Ashok Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Urban Water Management ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Supply Systems

Application of an Interactive Water Simulation Model in urban water management: a case study in Amsterdam

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 1729-1739 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Leskens ◽  
M. Brugnach ◽  
A. Y. Hoekstra
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Urban Water Management ◽  
Current Water ◽  
Water Simulation ◽  
Computation Algorithms

Water simulation models are available to support decision-makers in urban water management. To use current water simulation models, special expertise is required. Therefore, model information is prepared prior to work sessions, in which decision-makers weigh different solutions. However, this model information quickly becomes outdated when new suggestions for solutions arise and are therefore limited in use. We suggest that new model techniques, i.e. fast and flexible computation algorithms and realistic visualizations, allow this problem to be solved by using simulation models during work sessions. A new Interactive Water Simulation Model was applied for two case study areas in Amsterdam and was used in two workshops. In these workshops, the Interactive Water Simulation Model was positively received. It included non-specialist participants in the process of suggesting and selecting possible solutions and made them part of the accompanying discussions and negotiations. It also provided the opportunity to evaluate and enhance possible solutions more often within the time horizon of a decision-making process. Several preconditions proved to be important for successfully applying the Interactive Water Simulation Model, such as the willingness of the stakeholders to participate and the preparation of different general main solutions that can be used for further iterations during a work session.

A new approach to aid urban water management decision making using trade-off sacrifice modelled by fuzzy logic

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 11-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Lai ◽  
S. Lundie ◽  
N.J. Ashbolt
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Urban Water Management ◽  
Trade Off

An approach to aid decision making for urban water management is presented that is based on the concept of trade-off sacrifice level in pairwise comparisons between criteria, modelled using fuzzy logic. This approach is illustrated by a case study – selection of alternative water supplies for a Sydney household. Four key decision making criteria covering health, economic, environment and technical aspects are selected: annual probability of infection, life cycle energy use, life cycle cost and reliability. The decision making problem is to select between cases with different volume and application of recycled greywater and rainwater in light of the four criteria. Decision maker's preference is expressed by five levels of trade-off sacrifice between pairs of criteria. The decision makers can assign their preferences for sacrifice level by linguistic assessment and the output trade-off weight (TOW). Measures of decision makers' perceived trade-off level are modelled by a rule-based fuzzy logic control system. The final analysis shows the performance for each sacrifice class for each case, to aid overall decision making with stakeholders.

ANALYTICS FOR SUPPORTING URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 875-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Candelieri ◽  
Francesco Archetti ◽  
Enza Messina
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Urban Water Management

Urban Water Resources Toolbox - Integrating Groundwater into Urban Water Management

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (0) ◽  
pp. 9781780402437-9781780402437 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Wolf ◽  
B. Morris ◽  
S. Burn
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Urban Water Management

Coping with uncertainties in integrated urban water management

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 265-269
Author(s):  
Govert D. Geldof
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Urban Water Management ◽  
Integrated Water Management ◽  
Good Design ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
Simulation Results

In the practice of integrated water management we meet complexity, subjectivity and uncertainties. Uncertainties come into play when new urban water management techniques are applied. The art of a good design is not to reduce uncertainties as much as possible, but to find the middle course between cowardice and recklessness. This golden mean represents bravery. An interdisciplinary approach is needed to reach consensus. Calculating uncertainties by using Monte Carlo simulation results may be helpful.

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