Modelling Pluvial Flooding in Urban Areas Coupling the Models Iber and SWMM

Dual urban drainage models allow users to simulate pluvial urban flooding by analysing the interaction between the sewer network (minor drainage system) and the overland flow (major drainage system). This work presents a free distribution dual drainage model linking the models Iber and Storm Water Management Model (SWMM), which are a 2D overland flow model and a 1D sewer network model, respectively. The linking methodology consists in a step by step calling process from Iber to a Dynamic-link Library (DLL) that contains the functions in which the SWMM code is split. The work involves the validation of the model in a simplified urban street, in a full-scale urban drainage physical model and in a real urban settlement. The three study cases have been carefully chosen to show and validate the main capabilities of the model. Therefore, the model is developed as a tool that considers the main hydrological and hydraulic processes during a rainfall event in an urban basin, allowing the user to plan, evaluate and design new or existing urban drainage systems in a realistic way.

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Compensatory alternatives for flooding control in urban areas with tidal influence in Recife - PE

RBRH ◽

10.1590/2318-0331.011716040 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 22 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Marcos Antonio Barbosa da Silva Junior ◽

◽

Simone Rosa da Silva ◽

Jaime Joaquim da Silva Pereira Cabral ◽

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Drainage System ◽

Infiltration Rate ◽

Urban Drainage ◽

Drainage Network ◽

Storm Water Management Model ◽

Recurrence Period ◽

Detention Tank ◽

Swmm Model ◽

Two Alternatives

ABSTRACT This paper presents a study of compensatory alternatives in urban drainage, using SWMM model (Storm Water Management Model), for the critical point of flooding in an urban area and vulnerable to tide fluctuations, located in Recife. For this, we used the registered information of the micro-drainage network and defined the parameters and variables required for modeling, such as: the subareas of contribution to the drainage system, indicating the percentage of soil waterproofing, equivalent width, slope, and infiltration rate; project rain; and tide curve. Two alternatives were simulated after the model has been calibrated. The first, which is an adaptation of the drainage network, presented maximum reductions in the volume of flooding of 37% for the events with recurrence period of two years and of 58% for five years of recurrence. The second, based on the deployment of a detention tank in the existing network, presented satisfactory results for the event of two years and reduced approximately 38% for events of five years. The results showed that there was a reduction in the area of flooding for the conditions simulated. However, the first alternative would not solve the local flooding problems, it would only attenuate and would increase the overload of the drainage pipes downstream of the modified system, while the second alternative could solve the problem of flooding, with the occurrence of an event of two years.

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A methodology for linking 2D overland flow models with the sewer network model SWMM 5.1 based on dynamic link libraries

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2016.171 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 73 (12) ◽

pp. 3017-3026 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Jorge Leandro ◽

Ricardo Martins

Keyword(s):

Network Model ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Overland Flow ◽

Coupled Model ◽

Dynamic Link Library ◽

Urban Flood ◽

Flow Models ◽

Sewer Network ◽

Dynamic Link

Abstract Pluvial flooding in urban areas is characterized by a gradually varying inundation process caused by surcharge of the sewer manholes. Therefore urban flood models need to simulate the interaction between the sewer network and the overland flow in order to accurately predict the flood inundation extents. In this work we present a methodology for linking 2D overland flow models with the storm sewer model SWMM 5. SWMM 5 is a well-known free open-source code originally developed in 1971. The latest major release saw its structure re-written in C ++ allowing it to be compiled as a command line executable or through a series of calls made to function inside a dynamic link library (DLL). The methodology developed herein is written inside the same DLL in C + +, and is able to simulate the bi-directional interaction between both models during simulation. Validation is done in a real case study with an existing urban flood coupled model. The novelty herein is that the new methodology can be added to SWMM without the need for editing SWMM's original code. Furthermore, it is directly applicable to other coupled overland flow models aiming to use SWMM 5 as the sewer network model.

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Urban stormwater inundation simulation based on SWMM and diffusive overland-flow model

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2017.504 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 76 (12) ◽

pp. 3392-3403 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Wenjie Chen ◽

Guoru Huang ◽

Han Zhang

Keyword(s):

Environmental Protection Agency ◽

Flow Model ◽

Overland Flow ◽

The United States ◽

Urban Stormwater ◽

Rapid Urbanization ◽

Storm Water Management Model ◽

Inundation Simulation ◽

Property Losses ◽

Overland Flow Model

Abstract With rapid urbanization, inundation-induced property losses have become more and more severe. Urban inundation modeling is an effective way to reduce these losses. This paper introduces a simplified urban stormwater inundation simulation model based on the United States Environmental Protection Agency Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) and a geographic information system (GIS)-based diffusive overland-flow model. SWMM is applied for computation of flows in storm sewer systems and flooding flows at junctions, while the GIS-based diffusive overland-flow model simulates surface runoff and inundation. One observed rainfall scenario on Haidian Island, Hainan Province, China was chosen to calibrate the model and the other two were used for validation. Comparisons of the model results with field-surveyed data and InfoWorks ICM (Integrated Catchment Modeling) modeled results indicated the inundation model in this paper can provide inundation extents and reasonable inundation depths even in a large study area.

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Urban Flood Inundation Model for High Density Building Area

Journal of Disaster Research ◽

10.20965/jdr.2012.p0554 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 554-559 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Mohammad Farid ◽

◽

Akira Mano ◽

Keiko Udo ◽

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Flow Model ◽

Overland Flow ◽

Channel Model ◽

Momentum Equation ◽

Capital City ◽

Flood Inundation ◽

Urban Flood ◽

Overland Flow Model ◽

Inundation Model

In this paper, the development of a flood inundation model considering the effect of buildings in dense urban areas is purposed. A 2D overland flow model is coupled with a 1D channel model to simulate flood inundation with an exchange of flow between rivers and surface floodplains. The momentum equation in the overland flow model is modified in order to consider urban flood characteristics. The “sharing rate,” which is defined as the occupancy area of building in each grid of a model domain, is applied to represent the effect of a building Drag force that occurs due to the reaction of force acting on a building is included. Hydrological processes are accommodated by combining a tank model in outsource terms. The model is applied to the downstream part of the Ciliwung River basin where Jakarta, the capital city of Indonesia, is located. Results regarding the water level and inundation map are compared with observed data and show fair agreement.

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An integrated inundation model for highly developed urban areas

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2005.0051 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 51 (2) ◽

pp. 221-229 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

A.S. Chen ◽

M.H. Hsu ◽

T.S. Chen ◽

T.J. Chang

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Flow Model ◽

Overland Flow ◽

Complex Flow ◽

Drainage Basins ◽

Underground Infrastructure ◽

Flow Phenomena ◽

Overland Flow Model ◽

Different Characteristics ◽

Swmm Model

A numerical model is developed in this study with various components for simulating the complex flow phenomena in urban drainage basins. The model integrates the HEC-1 model, a 1-D dynamic channel-flow model, a 2-D non-inertia overland-flow model and the SWMM model to reflect the hydraulic processes in areas with different characteristics. The inundation of underground infrastructure during flood is also considered in the model. The typhoon Nari event in 2001, which resulted in severe flood in downtown Taipei, is simulated by the model. The result is compared with the survey records of flooded areas, which reveals the storage effect of underground infrastrucures is significant to the simulation results of highly developed urban areas.

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Algebraic Solution of the Horton-Izzard Turbulent Overland Flow Model of the Rising Hydrograph

Hydrology Research ◽

10.2166/nh.1977.0019 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 249-256 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mohammad Akram Gill

Keyword(s):

Differential Equation ◽

Turbulent Flow ◽

Flow Model ◽

Overland Flow ◽

Flow Equation ◽

Algebraic Solution ◽

Mixed Flow ◽

Overland Flow Model

In the differential equation of the overland turbulent flow which was first postulated by Horton, Eq.(6), the value of c equals 5/3. For this value of c, the flow equation could not be integrated algebraically. Horton solved the equation for c = 2 and believed that his solution was valid for mixed flow. The flow equation with c = 5/3 is solved algebraically herein. It is shown elsewhere (Gill 1976) that the flow equation can indeed be integrated for any rational value of c.

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Overland flow model for asphalt oil spills

Journal of Environmental Management ◽

10.1016/j.jenvman.2005.05.018 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 78 (1) ◽

pp. 102-105

Author(s):

J.C.Y. Guo

Keyword(s):

Flow Model ◽

Overland Flow ◽

Oil Spills ◽

Overland Flow Model

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Automated calibration of a two-dimensional overland flow model by estimating Manning's roughness coefficient using genetic algorithm

Journal of Hydroinformatics ◽

10.2166/hydro.2017.110 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 440-456

Author(s):

J. Drisya ◽

D. Sathish Kumar

Keyword(s):

Genetic Algorithm ◽

Flow Model ◽

Overland Flow ◽

Fitness Function ◽

Roughness Coefficient ◽

Model Parameters ◽

Automatic Data ◽

Automated Calibration ◽

Manning’S Roughness Coefficient ◽

Overland Flow Model

Abstract Calibration is an important phase in the hydrological modelling process. In this study, an automated calibration framework is developed for estimating Manning's roughness coefficient. The calibration process is formulated as an optimization problem and solved using a genetic algorithm (GA). A heuristic search procedure using GA is developed by including runoff simulation process and evaluating the fitness function by comparing the experimental results. The model is calibrated and validated using datasets of Watershed Experimentation System. A loosely coupled architecture is followed with an interface program to enable automatic data transfer between overland flow model and GA. Single objective GA optimization with minimizing percentage bias, root mean square error and maximizing Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency is integrated with the model scheme. Trade-offs are observed between the different objectives and no single set of the parameter is able to optimize all objectives simultaneously. Hence, multi-objective GA using pooled and balanced aggregated function statistic are used along with the model. The results indicate that the solutions on the Pareto-front are equally good with respect to one objective, but may not be suitable regarding other objectives. The present technique can be applied to calibrate the hydrological model parameters.

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Developing a Reliability Index of Low Impact Development for Urban Areas

Water ◽

10.3390/w12112961 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (11) ◽

pp. 2961

Author(s):

Yang Ho Song ◽

Jung Ho Lee ◽

Eui Hoon Lee

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Distance Measure ◽

Low Impact Development ◽

Drainage System ◽

Reliability Evaluation ◽

Nonpoint Source ◽

Evaluation Technique ◽

Storm Water Management Model ◽

Primary Reference ◽

Urban Catchments

A defining characteristic of the urbanization is the transformation of existing pervious areas into impervious areas during development. This leads to numerous hydrologic and environmental problems such as an increase in surface runoff due to excess rainfall, flooding, the deterioration of water quality, and an increase in nonpoint source pollution. Several studies propose supplementary measures on environmental change problems in development areas using the low impact development technique. This study investigated the reduction of nonpoint source pollutant loads and flooding in catchments through urban catchment rainfall–runoff management. For the quantitative assessment of flood disasters and water pollution problems, we propose a reliability evaluation technique. This technique refers to a series of analysis methods that determine the disaster prevention performance of the existing systems. As the two factors involve physical quantities of different dimensions, a reliability evaluation technique was developed using the distance measure method. Using the storm water management model, multiple scenarios based on synthetic rainfall in the catchment of the Daerim 2 rainwater pumping station in Seoul, South Korea, were examined. Our results indicate the need for efficient management of natural disaster risks that may occur in urban catchments. Moreover, this study can be used as a primary reference for setting a significant reduction target and facilitating accurate decision making concerning urban drainage system management.

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